On the structural basis of the hypertensive properties of angiotensin II: a solved mystery or a controversial issue?

Abstract:

:Angiotensin II (AII), Asp1-Arg2-Val3-Tyr4-Ile5-His6-Pro7-Phe8, the primary active hormone of the Renin-Angiotensin-System (RAS), is a major vasoconstrictor implicated in the cause of hypertension. To unravel the question of the biologically active conformation(s) of this flexible peptide hormone and to better understand the stereoelectronic requirements that lead to the molecular basis of hypertension, we will analyze research efforts in the identification of pharmacophoric groups of AII and three general approaches for structural characterisation: the free peptide-ligand approach, the receptor based approach, and approaches that target the peptide-receptor complex. The free peptide-ligand based approach can be further categorized to: (a) conformational analysis of AII and linear peptide analogues in aqueous solution; (b) the use of solvents of medium dielectric constants; (c) conformationally restricted analogues, with emphasis to cyclic analogues; (d) the use of receptor-simulating environments, and (e) non-peptide mimetics. The receptor and peptide-receptor based approaches can be categorised to: (a) The use of monoclonal antibodies and (b) the generic description of AII receptor sites through homology modelling and mutagenesis studies. These investigations, with particular emphasis to recent developments, have greatly assisted in the identification of pharmacophoric groups for receptor activation and the development of several models of AII-receptor complexes.

journal_name

Curr Top Med Chem

authors

Tzakos AG,Gerothanassis IP,Troganis AN

doi

10.2174/1568026043451375

keywords:

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2004-01-01 00:00:00

pages

431-44

issue

4

eissn

1568-0266

issn

1873-4294

journal_volume

4

pub_type

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