Abstract：
:Amphetamine elicits its locomotor-activating and drug-reinforcing effects by releasing the catecholamines dopamine and norepinephrine into the synapse. Amphetamine is a substrate of the plasmalemmal transporters for both dopamine and norepinephrine. As such, it binds to the transporters in conjunction with Na+ and Cl-, facilitating a conformational change leading the transporter to face inward. The subsequent binding of intracellular catecholamine results in an outward transport and release of the catecholamine into the synapse. Both inward and outward transport through the catecholamine transporters are regulated by protein kinases, particularly protein kinase C, but the effect of the enzyme on the two processes appears to be asymmetric. The purpose of this review is to discuss the evidence showing that protein kinase C activation facilitates outward transport through the catecholamine plasmalemmal transporters which may mediate amphetamine action in intact tissue.
journal_name
Eur J Pharmacoljournal_title
European journal of pharmacologyauthors
Gnegy MEdoi
10.1016/j.ejphar.2003.08.059keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-10-31 00:00:00pages
83-91issue
1-3eissn
0014-2999issn
1879-0712pii
S0014299903023124journal_volume
479pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:In contrast to the pronounced fall in 5HT levels and synaptosomal uptake caused by p-chloroamphetamine, bilateral lesions of the B-9 cell group caused minimal regional changes, except for 35% decreases in the metathalamus-thalamus. We conclude therefore that the prolonged biochemical effects of p-chloroamphetamine are...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-2999(75)90190-9
更新日期：1975-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chemotherapy-induced neuropathies are widespread disorders evoked by characteristic damage of the nervous system. Sensory alterations, as paresthesia and dysesthesia, and severe pain are disabling side effects that altered quality of life, leading to therapy discontinuation. These kind of neuropathies are extremely di...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.04.022
更新日期：2013-07-05 00:00:00
abstract：:This study investigates the possible protective effects of levocetirizine against fructose-induced insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis and vascular dysfunction, in comparison to pioglitazone, a standard insulin sensitizer. Male Sprague Dawley rats (150-200 g) were divided into 4 groups. Three groups were fed on high...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.07.021
更新日期：2014-10-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Some effects of Org GC 94 (1,3,4,14b-tetrahydro-2,7-dimethyl-2H-dibenzo[b,f]pyrazino[1,2-d][1,4]oxazepine maleate) on human platelets have been investigated. Without pretreatment with ADP, 5-HT-induced aggregation of humam platets was completely inhibited by 2.5 x 10(-8) M of Org GC 94. Aggregation triggered by noradr...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-2999(77)90290-4
更新日期：1977-04-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Herein, we report an extensive investigation of the neuroprotective effects of the compound (Z)-alpha-[2-thiazol-2-yl)imidazol-4-yl]-N-tert-butylnitrone (S34176) and the prototypic nitrone alpha-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN), in different in vivo paradigms of neuronal degeneration. Administration of S34176 (75 mg/k...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.01.043
更新日期：2005-03-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Statins are some of the most widely used drugs worldwide, but one of their major side effects is myotoxicity. Using mouse myoblast (C2C12) and human alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines (RH30) in both 2-dimensional (2D) and 3-dimensional (3D) cell culture, we investigated the mechanisms of simvastatin's myotoxicity. W...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172616
更新日期：2019-11-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent studies show that 8-iso-prostaglandin F(2alpha), a member of F(2)-isoprostane family, acts as a vasoconstrictor via TP receptor activation; and its local release may contribute to an abnormal vasomotor tone associated with hypercholesterolemia. The purpose of this study was to examine whether ramatroban, a TP r...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0014-2999(03)01626-1
更新日期：2003-05-02 00:00:00
abstract：:Adenosine monophosphate activated kinase (AMPK), a regulator of cellular metabolism, has been shown to relax arterial smooth muscle via endothelium-dependent and independent mechanisms. We have examined the role of AMPK in different smooth muscles using the activating compound, 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside-...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.07.025
更新日期：2012-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Oenanthotoxin (OETX) and dihydro-OETX are polyacetylenic diols occurring in Oenanthe crocata and are known to exert proconvulsant effects. We have recently demonstrated that these compounds downregulated GABAergic currents (Appendino et al., 2009) and that OETX induced open channel block and allosterically modulated G...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.03.005
更新日期：2012-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of a serotonin (5-HT) releasing drug, p-chloroamphetamine, on plasma glucose levels were investigated in rats. p-Chloroamphetamine elicited a significant hyperglycemia. The hyperglycemic effects of p-chloroamphetamine were completely prevented by the 5-HT synthesis inhibitor, p-chlorophenylalanine. Prior a...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0014-2999(98)00639-6
更新日期：1998-10-23 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of intraperitoneal injections of two opioid antagonists on plasma corticosterone levels in stressed mice was investigated. The effects of the mu-opioid receptor antagonist naloxone was dependent on the dose used. Low doses (0.5 and 1 mg/kg) potentiated the elevation of plasma corticosterone observed in sal...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-2999(84)90042-6
更新日期：1984-05-18 00:00:00
abstract：:This study investigated the characteristics of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) release from superfused sliced atria and ventricles of rats. Right atria spontaneously released more immunoreactive ANP (Ir-ANP: pg/min per mg tissue) (32 +/- 3) than did left atria (11 +/- 2) or right ventricles (1.5 +/- 0.5). Addition of...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-2999(91)90009-f
更新日期：1991-12-10 00:00:00
abstract：:We compared hypolocomotion and catalepsy mediated by striatal dopamine D2 and adenosine A2A receptors using microinfusions of the adenosine A2A receptor agonist 2-p-(2-carboxyethyl) phenethylamino-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine hydrochloride (CGS21680) and the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist raclopride into the nucleu...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0014-2999(97)00040-x
更新日期：1997-04-04 00:00:00
abstract：:The ability of the human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, IL-1ra, to inhibit aerosolized antigen-induced airway hyperreactivity to i.v. substance P and bronchoalveolar lavage inflammatory cell accumulation, under in vivo conditions, was assessed in guinea pigs. Pretreatment with IL-1ra (30 mg/kg i.p., administered 3...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-2999(92)90621-a
更新日期：1992-03-31 00:00:00
abstract：:The involvement of delta opioid receptors in supraspinal analgesia was investigated. With this aim, opioids that produced analgesia in the tail immersion test were administered i.c.v. to mice a few minutes before the irreversible antagonist, beta-funaltrexamine (beta-FNA). Protection of the respective analgesic effect...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-2999(89)90038-1
更新日期：1989-01-02 00:00:00
abstract：:SQ 20009 and SQ 65396, two new pyrazolopyridines with anxiolytic properties in animals, reversibly increased Na+-independent 3H-GABA binding to rat cerabral cortex membranes in vitro. This modulation was partially chloride dependent and sensitive to Triton-X 100. Kinetic analysis of 3H-muscimol binding revealed an inc...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-2999(80)90281-2
更新日期：1980-03-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Diabetes is a major health problem and a predisposition factor for further degenerative complications and, therefore, novel therapies are urgently needed. Currently, cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1 receptor) antagonists have been considered as promissory entities for metabolic disorders treatment. Accordingly, the purpose...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.03.036
更新日期：2017-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Effects of PGI2 upon pulmonary vascular resistance and systemic arterial pressure of near term fetuses were evaluated in anesthetized, exteriorized, unventilated fetal lambs by means of an open-chest, pump-perfused lung preparation. These effects were compared to those of PGE1 and PGE2 in the same animals. Intrapulmon...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-2999(79)90405-9
更新日期：1979-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a family of membrane receptors that regulate physiology and pathology of various organs. Consequently, about 40% of drugs in the market targets GPCRs. Heterotrimeric G proteins are composed of α, β, and γ subunits, and act as the key downstream signaling molecules of GPCRs. The ...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.05.016
更新日期：2015-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Neurotoxins are harmful to nervous system and cause either neuronal cell death or impairment of synaptic activity, which contributes to Parkinson's disease or other neuronal disorders. Hippocampal synaptic plasticity was proposed as a cellular model for memory processing. In this study, we reported a novel effect of n...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.11.048
更新日期：2017-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute benzodiazepine administration has been reported to antagonize the effect of cholecystokinin both in the periphery and in the central nervous system. A two-week treatment with either diazepam (5 mg/kg per day) or flurazepam (15 mg/kg per day) markedly reduced the excitatory effect of microiontophoretically applie...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-2999(88)90703-0
更新日期：1988-06-22 00:00:00
abstract：:Curcumin, main compound obtained from rizhoma of Curcuma longa, shows antitumoral, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic and gastric protective properties. Recently, it has been demonstrated that curcumin exerts its gastric protective action due to an increase in gastric nitric oxide (NO) levels. However, it is unknown whethe...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.02.030
更新日期：2014-05-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Ocular ischemic syndrome is likely stem from retinal ischemia, and which causes visual disorder. The pathological mechanism of ocular ischemic syndrome is still unknown, therefore the optimal treatment for ocular ischemic syndrome remains to be established. Then, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of tissue-deri...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.05.033
更新日期：2014-09-05 00:00:00
abstract：:The action of a novel 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, AS-5370, has been studied on two electrophysiological models for 5-HT3 receptors: whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from mouse neuroblastoma-rat glioma (NG108-15) cells and grease-gap recordings from rat isolated vagus nerve. The 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-induced fast ...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-2999(92)90591-q
更新日期：1992-08-14 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute leukemia is a malignant clonal hematopoietic stem cell disease. In the current study, we examined the effects of bryostatin 5 on acute monocytic leukemia cells in vitro and in vivo. We also explored the mechanisms and pathways underlying the increase in apoptosis induced by bryostatin 5. Bryostatin 5 inhibited t...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.08.012
更新日期：2013-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Local anaesthetics block action potentials in the membranes of excitable cells but their effects on non-excitable cells are less well known. Some local anaesthetics are applied directly onto the skin, and for this reason the effect of procaine (p-aminobenzoic acid diethylamino-etyl ester hydrochloride) and tetracaine ...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0014-2999(98)00623-2
更新日期：1998-10-09 00:00:00
abstract：:Drug addiction shares brain mechanisms and molecular substrates with learning and memory processes, such as the stimulation of glutamate receptors and their downstream signalling pathways. In the present work we provide an up-to-date review of studies that have demonstrated the implication of the main memory-related c...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.03.065
更新日期：2016-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The beta-carboline FG 7142 was studied alone and in combination with Ro 15-1788, CGS 8216 and lorazepam in squirrel monkeys trained to respond under a fixed-interval (FI) schedule of food presentation. FG 7142 (0.3-5.6 mg/kg i.v.) produced dose-related decreases in the rate of FI responding, effects opposite to those ...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-2999(89)90190-8
更新日期：1989-04-25 00:00:00
abstract：:Soluble guanylyl cyclase activity and its stimulation by diethylamineNONOate was measured in aortae from hypertensive TGR(mREN2)27 rats (TGR) and Sprague-Dawley controls. Superoxide dismutase was added in vitro to evaluate the contribution of oxidative breakdown of nitric oxide (NO) by superoxide anions. Expression of...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0014-2999(00)00577-x
更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of apomorphine (ap) was investigated in rats kept in a familiar cage; 0.25-5 mg/kg s.c. produced a short-lasting, abnormal hypermotility consisting mainly of locomotion and sniffing without grooming. Ap was administered to rate pretreated s.c. with various drugs. Ap hypermotility was antagonized by 12 neuro...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-2999(76)90092-3
更新日期：1976-04-01 00:00:00
