Abstract:
INTRODUCTION:Trichomoniasis is frequent, parasitic and sexually transmitted infection of genitourinary tract. It is treated by metronidazole (5-nitroimidazole), according to protocol recommended by Center for Disease Control (CDC, formerly called: Communicable Disease Center) [19]. The resistance of Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) strains to metronidazole (MND) was described in USA in 1960, and later on in many European countries [8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13]. In these cases, due to persistent trichomonas infection, it is necessary to repeat MND treatment with moderate modification of dose and/or length of its application. Nevertheless, oncogenic and toxic effects of MND have to be taken into consideration. AIM:The aim of this study was to investigate and analyse the incidence of TV in STD and lower susceptibility of certain TV strains to MND were analyzed. METHODS:In three-year period (1999-2001) 612 patients (244 females and 368 males) suspected of STD were examined clinically and microbiologically at the Institute of Dermatovenereology in Belgrade. The patients detected for TV were treated according to CDC protocol. The affected were considered cured if there was no manifest clinical infection, and no TV verified by microbiological test. RESULTS:TV was isolated in 216 patients (35.29% of all subjects). Trichomonas infection was found in 90 (36.88%) out of 244 tested females and in 126 (32.34%) of 368 males. Clinically manifested infection, with extensive urethral and vaginal secretion, was recorded in 161 patients, while the asymptomatic form was found in 55 subjects. This result indicates the predominance of manifested trichomonas infections (75.54% of cases). The difference of distribution of clinical forms of trichomoniasis, in relation to sex, was not statistically significant (chi 2 = 0.854; p > 0.05). The patients with verified trichomonas infection were treated by metronidazole according to CDC protocol. The recommended therapeutical scheme consisted of three phases proceeding in succession, in so far TV had not been eliminated by previous one. The number of cured patients, according to therapeutical phases, was shown in Table 4. Three patients (1.39%, 2 males and 1 female) were not cured in spite of all three completed phases of therapeutical protocol. In all three cases, TV was eliminated by MND application in dose of 3 g/daily, during two days. The failure of minute MND treatment was analyzed in relation to clinical forms of the infection (manifested or asymptomatic), as well as in relation to types of infection (single- or associated infection). The incidence of refractory trichomoniasis treated by a single metronidazole dose of 2 g was significantly higher in the group of patients with polyinfection (c2 = 18.270; p < 0.01). There was no significant difference of resistance to a single MND dose between the groups with manifested and asymptomatic trichomoniasis (chi 2 = 0.321; p < 0.01). DISCUSSION:The prevalence of TV in vaginal and urethral smears indicates the significant incidence of trichomoniasis in STD. TV was more frequently isolated in patients with clinically manifested infection. TV susceptibility to MND was tested in vitro in aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The resistance of strains under in vitro conditions did not correlate with refractory feature of trichomoniasis to MND application [7, 17, 18]. The success of trichomoniasis treatment depends upon multiple factors, including: a) TV susceptibility to drug, b) intravaginal redox potential, c) drug concentration in situ, d) associated microorganisms that may modify the amount of the drug available in situ [7, 18, 21]. The results of our investigation argue for the latter item, verifying that TV resistance to MND is higher in patients with polyinfection in relation to those with monoinfection (significant difference, chi 2 = 18.270; p < 0.01). Repeated administration of low metronidazole doses may prolong the therapy of trichomonas infections, while application of high doses (over 3 g/day) may result in undesired complications. Given the well-known fact that repeated sublethal doses induce the resistance, would it be more beneficial to begin with slightly higher metronidazole dose (3 g/day) during short period of time (3-5 days)? This will be the subject of our further investigation.
journal_name
Srp Arh Celok Lekjournal_title
Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvoauthors
Vukićević J,Jankicević Jdoi
10.2298/sarh0304156vkeywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-03-01 00:00:00pages
156-61issue
3-4eissn
0370-8179issn
2406-0895journal_volume
131pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The apparent fall of rheumatic fever incidence in developed countries and in Yugoslavia is one of the reasons of negligence of the diagnosis of this disease. This fall was associated with mild forms of rheumatic fever (arthritis and mild forms of carditis are the main manifestations) where the beginning resembled othe...
journal_title:Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a multifactorial disease that occurs most frequently in very small and very sick preterm infants, and it has been identified as the major cause of childhood blindness. OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to evaluate ROP incidence and risk factors associated with varying...
journal_title:Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Carotid endarterectomy is a safe and reliable surgical procedure to treat the narrowing of the internal carotid artery greater than 70%. One of the most serious complications of surgical wound after endarterectomy is an infection caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) which is accompa...
journal_title:Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2298/sarh1104225p
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to standardize language of medicine, it is essential to have a good command of ancient Greek and Latin. We cannot deny a huge impact of ancient Greek medicine on medical terminology. Compounds of Greek origin related to terms for organs, illnesses, inflammations, surgical procedures etc. have been listed as e...
journal_title:Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2298/sarh0710606m
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors studied the effect of working conditions and harmful organic solvents on the frequency of gynaecological diseases and menstrual disorders in 138 women. The experimental group consisted of 88 women exposed to evaporation and increased concentrations of organic solvents, and the control group was composed of...
journal_title:Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Needs for state-of-the-art records on haemodialyzed patients implies abandoning of conventional paper work and development of a computer data base on haemodialyzed patients. Thus, data on haemodialyzed patients were analyzed. Since haemodialysis is a specific mode of treatment and differs from out-patient and in-patie...
journal_title:Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review is a brief overview of recent advances in biology as well as in potential clinical application of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF). Biologically active rhGM-CSF is a recombinant human protein expressed in Escherichia coli. GM-CSF is produced by nontransformed (T...
journal_title:Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Family planning is an important aspect of population policy at the state level, because the demographic trends in Serbia are very unfavorable. OBJECTIVE:The objective of this study was to examine the differences in family planning between the women in rural and urban areas of Serbia. METHODS:This study r...
journal_title:Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2298/sarh1312794a
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lipid peroxidation is thought to be one of the major factors involved in atherogenesis. There is an increasing evidence is increasing that oxidation of LDL cholesterol may be instrumental in atherogenesis. Diabetics are known to be at increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, a phenomenon which has previously been li...
journal_title:Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::There are many peculiarities and indecisions in the English and Serbian language. One of the crucial is doubtless a translation from Serbian into English. On the other hand, by analysing professional papers of English native speakers, a tendency of greater conciseness is shown. Thus a better knowledge of etymological ...
journal_title:Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The roots of hospital foundation in Serbs date from the 12th century, when the hospitals in the monasteries Hilandar (1199) and Studenica (1207) were established. The "Town" Hospital of Belgrade was founded in 1841, which had the status of town and regional hospital until 1881. After that, it was transformed into a ge...
journal_title:Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The seroprevalence study was performed in Vojvodina during May and June 2010 in order to asses the effects of the 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1)v epidemic on herd immunity. It was a part of the Serbian Ministry of Health funded nationwide study. OBJECTIVE:Prevalence of antibodies against 2009 pandemic in...
journal_title:Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The existing data bases - on the number and distribution of the injured are unfortunately unreliable and very poor. There is also a shortage of information needed in assessing human and financial aspect of the trauma as well as physical, social, economic and psychological circumstances under wich injuries have heppene...
journal_title:Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:It has been suggested that asthmatic patients may have a higher risk for oral diseases, both as a result of the medical condition and effects of medications. OBJECTIVE:The aim of the study was to determine the oral health status of children with asthma and to evaluate the oral health parameters according ...
journal_title:Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2298/sarh1510539m
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ileal pouch-anal operation is the best procedure because it liberates the patient from ulcerative colitis i.e. from diseased mucosa of the large intestine. The ileal pouch forms a new reservoir for the storage of feces. Symptomatic pouch inflammation (pouchitis) appeared in 7-40% of the patients. The authors descr...
journal_title:Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A sudden onset of the syndrome Guillain-Barré in 48-year-old woman presenting as an acute motor neuropathy was associated with antibodies against ganglioside GM1 detected by ELISA. The neurological examination revealed flaccid quadriplegia without affection of the sensory system, and the additional investigation showe...
journal_title:Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In line with the fact that there is little information regarding drug facilitated sexual assault in national medical literature, the authors aimed to prepare a review of the phenomenon based on available international references. Therefore we offered a definition of the concept of sexual assault, and rape in particula...
journal_title:Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Wilms' tumour, one of the most common solid tumours in children, is classified in groups with favourable, unfavourable and standard risk histology. Anaplastic Wilms' tumour is a representative of the tumours with unfavourable histology. Anaplasia (focal or diffuse) can involve ony component of the tumour but it has no...
journal_title:Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Despite numerous advances in medicine, the mortality rate of severe sepsis and septic shock remains high, 30-50%. New therapy strategies include: early goal-directed therapy, fluid replacement, early and appropriate antimicrobials, source of infection control, use of corticosteroids, vasopressors and inotr...
journal_title:Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2298/sarh0806248j
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The causes of acute tubulointerstitial nephritis can be grouped into four broad categories: medications, infections, immunologic diseases, or idiopathic processes. Here we report a 17-year-old female who developed acute kidney injury (AKI) due to granulomatous interstitial nephritis (GIN) associated with i...
journal_title:Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spleen abscess is not frequent in children. It may be caused by haematogenous seeding of the spleen with bacteria from primary septic focus; by direct spread of infection from adjacent structures, or by secondary infection in an area of the spleen damaged by infarction, trauma or parasitic infestation. A 13-year-old g...
journal_title:Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Among the numerous variables measured by the electrocardiogram during exercise little attention has been paid to the "septal" Q wave. We examined changes of the "septal" Q wave amplitude during exercise in 43 patients with chest pain. Coronary arteriography showed significant changes in 23 patients and normal arteries...
journal_title:Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pharmacotherapy of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is complex. Apart from the replacement hormone therapy, antithyroid agents, beta adrenoceptor blockers and other drugs, in regard to the present symptoms, it also includes the administration of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive agents. Physiological actions of g...
journal_title:Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2298/sarh05s1067g
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::106 patients with acute renal failure (ARF) treated with peritoneal dialysis (PD) for the last 15 years (except for postrenal ARF treated only with HD, or ARF with conservative treatment) were analyzed. The commonest causes were sepsis (3), hemorrhagic fever (17) and complications of some internal or surgical disease ...
journal_title:Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The article deals with retrospective analysis of a seven-year autopsic material from the Institute of Pathologic Anatomy in Pristina. The aim of this analysis was to define the frequency, morphology and predisposing factors of neonatal meningitis. A good knowledge of morphology and predisposing factors in necessary in...
journal_title:Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The triple therapy which consists of one of the protease inhibitor plus pegylated interferon and ribavirin (P/R) is the standard of care for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 (G1) infection both in treatment-naïve and experienced patients. OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to a...
journal_title:Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Enamel surface around restoration is very sensitive to the effect of cariogenic solution. It is the consequence of the manner the cavity is prepared before restoration, the existence of marginal cracks around restoration, that is, irregular polishing of filling. OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study is to analy...
journal_title:Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2298/sarh0808361d
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Antioxidant systems are important factors affecting the oxidation of lipoproteins and thereby the progression of atherosclerotic disease. It has been suggested that physical activity might maintain and promote the antioxidant defence capacity against the oxidative stress. Left ventricular dysfunction (LVDD...
journal_title:Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2298/sarh0904146k
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Diabetes mellitus as a complex metabolic disease influences functioning of numerous organs. Chronic periodontitis is one of frequent diabetic complications. OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to compare the clinical effects of non-surgical periodontal therapy between diabetes mellitus type 2 patients (DM...
journal_title:Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2298/sarh1312738m
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been suggested that in the genesis of isoprenaline-induced myocardial necrosis in rats, along with the intracellular calcium homeostasis and energy production breakdown, the mechanism of cytotoxic oxygen free radical generation is also included. The effects of dimethylsulphoxide, a hydroxyl radical scavenger, o...
journal_title:Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-09-01 00:00:00