Abstract:
:Pharmacotherapy of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is complex. Apart from the replacement hormone therapy, antithyroid agents, beta adrenoceptor blockers and other drugs, in regard to the present symptoms, it also includes the administration of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive agents. Physiological actions of glucocorticoids are significant in number, well known and described in details. The most prominent pharmacological properties of glucocorticoids, that are important fortheir clinical use, are antiinflammatory and immunosuppressive actions. In this article, the most notable clinical pharmacology aspects of glucocorticoids have been presented, including the basic principles of their therapeutic use, as well as the most important indications with the examples of dosing regiments (rheumatic disorders, renal diseases, allergic reactions, bronchial asthma, gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases, thrombocytopenia, organ transplantation, and Graves' ophthalmopathy). In addition, adverse and toxic effects of glucocorticoids as well as their interactions with other drugs have been described. Immunosuppressive agents have important role in treatment of immune disorders, including the reduction of immune response in autoimmune diseases and organ transplantation. Apart from glucocorticoids, immunosuppressive agents consist of calcineurin inhibitors (cyclosporine, tacrolimus), antiproliferative and antimetabolic agents (sirolimus, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide), monoclonal antibodies: anti-CD3 antibody (muromonab-CD3), anti-CD25 antibody (daclizumab), anti-TNF-alpha antibody (infliximab). In this part, the most updated facts about mechanism of action, rational therapeutic use, as well as adverse and toxic effects of immunosuppressive agents have been reviewed.
journal_name
Srp Arh Celok Lekjournal_title
Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvoauthors
Grbović L,Radenković Mdoi
10.2298/sarh05s1067gkeywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-10-01 00:00:00pages
67-73eissn
0370-8179issn
2406-0895journal_volume
133 Suppl 1pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The Task Force data have added immeasurably to our understanding of the normal distribution of blood pressure in children. However, the manner in which arterial hypertension is defined in children is not without problems. The main problem is that the current definition of hypertension in children is not based on the e...
journal_title:Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:In 1993 the gene responsible for Huntington's disease (IT15) was isolated [5]. It was mapped to the tip of the short arm of chromosome 4 and within its coding sequence, near the 5' end, it contained a certain number of trinicleotide (CAG)n (cytosine-adenine-guanine) repeats (Figure 1). This gene codes for ...
journal_title:Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The article deals with the analysis of treatment of 46 adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia over the period from 1981 to 1988. None of these patients had signs of central nervous system leukemia at the time of diagnosis. 11/46 (23.9%) of patients had a central nervous system leukaemia: a) 3/13 (23.1%) of ...
journal_title:Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:QT dispersion (QTd) is a measure of non-homogeneous repolarisation of the myocardium and is used as an indicator of arrhythmogenicity. OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to assess the relation between QT dispersion, left ventricle systolic function and frequency of ventricular arrhythmias in coronary pat...
journal_title:Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2298/sarh0708395s
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Numerous authors have indicated the beneficial effect of glycoregulation on micro- and macro-angiopathic complications. OBJECTIVE:The aim of the study was to examine whether intensive treatment with maintaining blood glucose concentrations close to normal range could improve electrophysiological parameter...
journal_title:Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2298/sarh1206285m
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Moderate ischemic mitral regurgitation (MR) is characterized by significant, symptomatic multivessel coronary disease and mitral regurgitation 2-3+. CASE OUTLINE:A 60-year-old patient was admitted at the Cardiovascular Institute "Dedinje" due to the symptoms of unstable angina pectoris. He survived a myoc...
journal_title:Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2298/sarh0906275t
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:In most countries, cardiovascular diseases are the leading disorders, with ischemic heart diseases being the leading cause of death. According to WHO data, every year about 17 million people die of cardiovascular diseases, which is 30% of all deaths. Ischemic heart diseases contribute from one-third to one...
journal_title:Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2298/sarh0812598r
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple myeloma is the most frequent dysproteinaemica causing renal damage. Renal damage can be manifested as acute or chronic renal failure, Tubular disfunction, urinary tract infection, or as proteinuria. The aim of this study is to present our experience in the treatment of renal failure developed during multiple ...
journal_title:Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Despite numerous advances in medicine, the mortality rate of severe sepsis and septic shock remains high, 30-50%. New therapy strategies include: early goal-directed therapy, fluid replacement, early and appropriate antimicrobials, source of infection control, use of corticosteroids, vasopressors and inotr...
journal_title:Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2298/sarh0806248j
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:An assessment of influence of risk factors and distress on the health of workers in school environment was performed as pilot study with the objective to identify problems and to further improvement of school environment and health of teachers. OBJECTIVE:The objective was to determine the prevalence of me...
journal_title:Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2298/sarh06s2113n
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Root coverage supported with complete regeneration of lost periodontal tissues represents the ultimate goal of gingival recession treatment. OBJECTIVE:This study was designed to evaluate clinical effectiveness of platelet rich plasma gel (PRP) with connective tissue graft (CTG) in the treatment of gingiva...
journal_title:Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2298/sarh0804095a
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Antibiotic prophylaxis means administration of antibiotics in prevention of infections. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the efficacy of a single dose preoperative administration of ceftriaxone and cefazolin in the prevention of intra- and postoperative infections in the parturients without high risk of inflammat...
journal_title:Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2298/sarh1010600g
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inflammatory response in tissue results from a complex network of interactions between inflammatory cells (mast cells, eosinophils, basophils, macrophages) and resident cells belonging to the lung structure (like endothelial cells, fibroblasts, epithelial cells). Among structural cells, endothelial cells play a critic...
journal_title:Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Forces generated in orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances create tension and compression zones in the periodontal ligament resulting in a painful experience for patients. In the first phase of orthodontic treatment, when leveling of teeth is needed, nickel-titanium (NiTi) archwires can be completely ...
journal_title:Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2298/sarh1504134m
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several endocrine and metabolic changes occur in hyperthyroidism, among which also changes in prolactin secretion are present. Causes are numerous. However, a decreased content of prolactin in secretory granules of the lactotrophic cells in the adeno-hypophysis gland, e.i. a decreased prolactin pool, should be especia...
journal_title:Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Enlarged axillary lymph nodes are often found during routine examinations. They are usually circular, oval, lobular, smaller than 1 cm, with typically changed fat centers. The condition of axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer is of great importance for timely diagnosis, because its metastatic spread is a ...
journal_title:Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The most common fracture involving the wrist is a fracture of the scaphoid bone [1], and only 5% to 10% of these fractures proceed to nonunion. Although not symptomatic initially, most (if not all) nonunions later produce a painful wrist with impaired function, clinically significant loss of motion, increa...
journal_title:Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::T lymphocytes are the crucial cells in immunopathogenesis of allergic diseases since they regulate the occurrence of allergic sensitisation, synthesis of immunoglobulin E and allergic inflammation. The importance of lymphocyte T is reflected on the fact that after activation by a specific antigen they are able to prod...
journal_title:Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the last five years at our Department renal biopsy was carried out in 41 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. On the basis of the pathologic findings glomerular changes were classified as follows: minimal in 5 patients; mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis in 11; focal and segmental proliferative g...
journal_title:Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Glucagonomas are rare, frequently malignant tumours, arising from the Langerhans' islets of the pancreas. They usually secrete large amounts of glucagon that can cause a characteristic "glucagonoma syndrome", which includes necrolytic migratory erythema, glucose intolerance or diabetes, weight loss and som...
journal_title:Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2298/sarh1004244c
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Wilms' tumour, one of the most common solid tumours in children, is classified in groups with favourable, unfavourable and standard risk histology. Anaplastic Wilms' tumour is a representative of the tumours with unfavourable histology. Anaplasia (focal or diffuse) can involve ony component of the tumour but it has no...
journal_title:Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:According to numerous researches, transitory hypothermia is a part of the neonatological energetic triangle and represents a significant prognostic factor within morbidity and mortality in newborns with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), that are, due to their characteristics, more inclined to transit...
journal_title:Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2298/sarh1010604l
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dr. Lazar K. Lazarević (1851-1890, Julian calendar/1891, Gregorian calendar) was an exceptional Serbian physician, scientist, writer and translator. During his short life and his close to 11-year-long professional career (1879-1890), Dr. Lazarević authored 78 scientific papers and presentations in various branches of ...
journal_title:Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.2298/sarh1602111d
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In clinical setting, the symptoms of the impaired motor behavior in patients with different neurological diseases are identified by classical tests incorporated in clinical neurological examination. New computerized methods for objective motor assessment have been recently suggested in the literature. We dev...
journal_title:Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Successful riddle solving requires recognition of the meaning of words, attention, concentration, memory, connectivity and analysis of riddle content, and sufficiently developed associative thinking. OBJECTIVE:The aim of the study was to determine the ability to solve riddles in stroke patients who do or ...
journal_title:Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hand dominance is defined as a proneness to use one hand rather than another in performing the majority of activities and this is the most obvious example of cerebral lateralization and an exclusive human characteristic. Left-handed people comprise 6-14% of the total population, while in Serbia, this percentage is 5-1...
journal_title:Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2298/sarh1006387m
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The American otolaryngologist Eagle was the first to describe styloid syndrome in 1937 and the syndrome was named after him (Eagle's syndrome). The original description of two separate syndromes is connected with his name: classical syndrome, which almost constantly occurs after tonsillectomy and carotid a...
journal_title:Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2298/sarh0812650p
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Ventricular septal rupture (VSR) in the acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a rare but very serious complication, still associated with high mortality, despite significant improvements in pharmacological and surgical treatment. Therefore, hybrid approaches are introduced as new therapeutical options. CAS...
journal_title:Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2298/sarh1404226r
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors present results of systematic use of percutaneous renal biopsy in children in the first three years of practice. From 1986 to 1989, 153 renal biopsies were done in 144 children and adolescents (75 males, 69 females) aged 4 months to 18 years. The most common indications were as follow: primary nephrotic sy...
journal_title:Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The prevalence of obesity is rising to epidemic proportions at the alarming rate in both developed and underdeveloped countries around the world. Current prevalence data from individual national studies suggest that the obesity prevalence in the European countries ranges from 10% to 20% for men, and 10% to...
journal_title:Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2298/sarh0702061g
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00