Large-scale comparison of intron positions in mammalian genes shows intron loss but no gain.

abstract：:T-cell-derived soluble factors that inhibit both X4 and R5 HIV are recognized as important in controlling HIV. Whereas three β chemokines, regulated-on-activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, and MIP-1β, account for the suppression of R5 HIV by blockade of HI...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cocchi F,DeVico AL,Lu W,Popovic M,Latinovic O,Sajadi MM,Redfield RR,Lafferty MK,Galli M,Garzino-Demo A,Gallo RC

更新日期：2012-04-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The conditional lifetime expectancy function (LEF) is the expected lifetime of a subject given survival past a certain time point and the values of a set of explanatory variables. This function is attractive to researchers because it summarizes the entire residual life distribution and has an easy interpretation compa...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kong J,Klein BE,Klein R,Wahba G

更新日期：2015-09-29 00:00:00

abstract：:In this paper, we report the transcriptional organization of a 450-kb gene cluster in Xq28, flanked by the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and the color vision genes. CpG islands previously identified and mapped to distal Xq28 have helped in construction of a continuous contig of cosmids and in identification of cDN...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bione S,Tamanini F,Maestrini E,Tribioli C,Poustka A,Torri G,Rivella S,Toniolo D

更新日期：1993-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Compared with the U.S., Japan is believed to have a collectivist culture that nurtures high trust. Results from laboratory and survey research, however, show that Americans are more likely to trust strangers than are Japanese. Why would trust be lower in a collectivist culture? We use an agent-based computational mode...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Macy MW,Sato Y

更新日期：2002-05-14 00:00:00

abstract：:The COVID-19 pandemic is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and has spread worldwide, with millions of cases and more than 1 million deaths to date. The gravity of the situation mandates accelerated efforts to identify safe and effective vaccines. Here, we generated measles virus (M...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hörner C,Schürmann C,Auste A,Ebenig A,Muraleedharan S,Dinnon KH 3rd,Scholz T,Herrmann M,Schnierle BS,Baric RS,Mühlebach MD

更新日期：2020-12-22 00:00:00

abstract：:A mathematical method is developed which enables us to treat exactly the process of coincidental evolution under mutation, unequal intrachromosomal crossing-over as well as ordinary crossing-over between homologous chromosomes in a finite population of the effective size N. It makes use of finite difference equations ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kimura M,Ohta T

更新日期：1979-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Balanced genetic polymorphism has been proposed as a source from which to infer population history complementary to that of neutral genetic polymorphism, because genetic polymorphism maintained by balancing selection permits inferences about population size over much longer spans of time. However, empirical data for b...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Richman AD,Kohn JR

更新日期：1999-01-05 00:00:00

abstract：:c-Jun transcriptional activity is augmented by expression of oncogenic Ras and Raf proteins. This study demonstrates a direct correlation between Ras transforming activity and c-Jun activation, supporting an important role for c-Jun in transformation by Ras. Since we observed that Ras activated c-Jun transcriptional a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Westwick JK,Cox AD,Der CJ,Cobb MH,Hibi M,Karin M,Brenner DA

更新日期：1994-06-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid (OCP) is an autoimmune disease that affects mainly conjunctiva and other squamous epithelia. OCP is histologically characterized by a separation of the epithelium from underlying tissues within the basement membrane zone. Immunopathological studies demonstrate the deposition of anti-basem...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tyagi S,Bhol K,Natarajan K,Livir-Rallatos C,Foster CS,Ahmed AR

更新日期：1996-12-10 00:00:00

abstract：:A procedure is described to discover genes that are specifically expressed in human prostate. The procedure involves searching the expressed sequence tag (EST) database for genes that have many related EST sequences from human prostate cDNA libraries but none or few from nonprostate human libraries. The selected candi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Vasmatzis G,Essand M,Brinkmann U,Lee B,Pastan I

更新日期：1998-01-06 00:00:00

abstract：:For a distribution F on R(p) and a point x in R(p) the simplicial depth D(x), which is the probability that x be inside a random simplex whose vertices are p + 1 independent observations from F, is introduced. D(x) can be viewed as a measure of depth of the point x relative to F, and its empirical version gives rise t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liu RY

更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein phosphorylation plays a key role in vasopressin signaling in the renal-collecting duct. Large-scale identification and quantification of phosphorylation events triggered by vasopressin is desirable to gain a comprehensive systems-level understanding of this process. We carried out phosphoproteomic analysis of ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hoffert JD,Pisitkun T,Wang G,Shen RF,Knepper MA

更新日期：2006-05-02 00:00:00

abstract：:The dnaX gene (previously called dnaZX) of Escherichia coli has only one open reading frame for a 71-kDa polypeptide from which two distinct DNA polymerase III holoenzyme subunits, tau (71 kDa) and gamma (47 kDa), are produced. To determine how the gamma subunit is generated, we examined the influence of mutations in ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tsuchihashi Z,Kornberg A

更新日期：1990-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas swims with two flagella that can synchronize their beat. Synchronized beating is required to swim both fast and straight. A long-standing hypothesis proposes that synchronization of flagella results from hydrodynamic coupling, but the details are not understood. Here, we presen...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Geyer VF,Jülicher F,Howard J,Friedrich BM

更新日期：2013-11-05 00:00:00

abstract：:A Mr 35,000 calmodulin-binding protein, which also possesses the ability to interact with a number of cytoskeletal elements, was purified from bovine synaptosomal membranes, using hydroxylapatite and phosphocellulose column chromatography. We call this protein "cytosynalin," which is derived from a combination of the ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sobue K,Okabe T,Kadowaki K,Itoh K,Tanaka T,Fujio Y

更新日期：1987-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Upon release from the anther, pollen grains of angiosperm flowers are exposed to a dry environment and dehydrate. To survive this process, pollen grains possess a variety of physiological and structural adaptations. Perhaps the most striking of these adaptations is the ability of the pollen wall to fold onto itself to...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Katifori E,Alben S,Cerda E,Nelson DR,Dumais J

更新日期：2010-04-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Wnt signaling is mediated by three classes of receptors, Frizzled, Ryk, and Ror. In Caenorhabditis elegans, Wnt signaling regulates the anterior/posterior polarity of the P7.p vulval lineage, and mutations in lin-17/Frizzled cause loss or reversal of P7.p lineage polarity. We found that pak-1/Pak (p21-activated kinase...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Goh KY,Ng NW,Hagen T,Inoue T

更新日期：2012-09-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Tadpole collagenase (EC 3.4.24.3) cleaved chick cranial bone procollagen into two triple-stranded fragments, PCA and PCB. Only PCB, with an estimated molecular weight of about 60,000 for each component chain after reduction, was found to contain interchain disulfide bonds. The analogous cleavage of collagen is known t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Byers PH,Click EM,Harper E,Bornstein P

更新日期：1975-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hox genes encode transcription factors widely used for diversifying animal body plans in development and evolution. To achieve functional specificity, Hox proteins associate with PBC class proteins, Pre-B cell leukemia homeobox (Pbx) in vertebrates, and Extradenticle (Exd) in Drosophila, and were thought to use a uniq...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Saadaoui M,Merabet S,Litim-Mecheri I,Arbeille E,Sambrani N,Damen W,Brena C,Pradel J,Graba Y

更新日期：2011-02-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) control a multitude of biological processes and are therefore subjected to multiple levels of regulation. Negative feedback is one of the mechanisms that provide an effective means to control RTK-mediated signaling. Sef has recently been identified as a specific antagonist of fibroblas...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Preger E,Ziv I,Shabtay A,Sher I,Tsang M,Dawid IB,Altuvia Y,Ron D

更新日期：2004-02-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Ammonia-oxidizing archaea are ubiquitous in marine and terrestrial environments and now thought to be significant contributors to carbon and nitrogen cycling. The isolation of Candidatus "Nitrosopumilus maritimus" strain SCM1 provided the opportunity for linking its chemolithotrophic physiology with a genomic inventor...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Walker CB,de la Torre JR,Klotz MG,Urakawa H,Pinel N,Arp DJ,Brochier-Armanet C,Chain PS,Chan PP,Gollabgir A,Hemp J,Hügler M,Karr EA,Könneke M,Shin M,Lawton TJ,Lowe T,Martens-Habbena W,Sayavedra-Soto LA,Lang D,Sieve

更新日期：2010-05-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The evolution of cooperation has a well established theoretical framework based on game theory. This approach has made valuable contributions to a wide variety of disciplines, including political science, economics, and evolutionary biology. Existing cancer theory suggests that individual clones of cancer cells evolve...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Axelrod R,Axelrod DE,Pienta KJ

更新日期：2006-09-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeats containing proteins (NLRs) serve as immune receptors in both plants and animals. Overaccumulation of NLRs often leads to autoimmune responses, suggesting that the levels of these immune receptors must be tightly controlled. However, the mechanism by which NLR prot...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cheng YT,Li Y,Huang S,Huang Y,Dong X,Zhang Y,Li X

更新日期：2011-08-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The concentration of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins containing apolipoprotein (apo) B-48 (chylomicrons) and apo B-100 (very low density lipoproteins) was measured in blood plasma of healthy young men after an ordinary meal containing one-third of daily energy and fat. Plasma obtained in the postabsorptive state and at...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schneeman BO,Kotite L,Todd KM,Havel RJ

更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:DNA sequences in Neurospora crassa that code for ribosomal RNA have been isolated in a highly purified state by DNA-RNA hybridization. About 100 separate ribosomal RNA genes exist in each nucleus. These genes are composed of repeated sequences that are present about 100 times per nucleus. The individual members of thi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chattopadhyay SK,Kohne DE,Dutta SK

更新日期：1972-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of blindness for individuals age 50 and above in the developed world. Abnormal growth of choroidal blood vessels, or choroidal neovascularization (CNV), is a hallmark of the neovascular (wet) form of advanced AMD and leads to significant vision loss. A gr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hasegawa E,Inafuku S,Mulki L,Okunuki Y,Yanai R,Smith KE,Kim CB,Klokman G,Bielenberg DR,Puli N,Falck JR,Husain D,Miller JW,Edin ML,Zeldin DC,Lee KSS,Hammock BD,Schunck WH,Connor KM

更新日期：2017-09-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Collective intelligence refers to the ability of groups to outperform individual decision makers when solving complex cognitive problems. Despite its potential to revolutionize decision making in a wide range of domains, including medical, economic, and political decision making, at present, little is known about the ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kurvers RH,Herzog SM,Hertwig R,Krause J,Carney PA,Bogart A,Argenziano G,Zalaudek I,Wolf M

更新日期：2016-08-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs) have a progressive and often fatal course, and their enigmatic etiology has complicated approaches to effective therapies. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common of IIPs and shares with IIPs an increased incidence with age and unexplained scarring in the lung. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Alder JK,Chen JJ,Lancaster L,Danoff S,Su SC,Cogan JD,Vulto I,Xie M,Qi X,Tuder RM,Phillips JA 3rd,Lansdorp PM,Loyd JE,Armanios MY

更新日期：2008-09-02 00:00:00

abstract：:AB-type toxins, like other bacterial toxins, are notably opportunistic molecules. They rely on target cell receptors to reach the appropriate location within the target cell where translocation of their enzymatic subunits occurs. The anthrax toxin, however, times its own uptake, suggesting that toxin binding triggers ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Abrami L,Kunz B,van der Goot FG

更新日期：2010-01-26 00:00:00

abstract：:A method is described in which the interference of radiated second-harmonic electric fields generated by a pair of oriented molecules intercalated into double-stranded DNA is controlled and measured. The results show that the relative molecular orientation of the two molecules significantly changes the magnitude of th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Doughty B,Rao Y,Kazer SW,Kwok SJ,Turro NJ,Eisenthal KB

更新日期：2013-04-09 00:00:00