Abstract：
:Measurements of the type and concentration of propellant and stabilizer additives in smokeless gunpowder are used by forensic scientists investigating the source of explosives and by military laboratories assuring the safety and efficacy of munitions. The National Institute of Standards and Technology recently assessed the state-of-the-practice of smokeless powder measurements through an international measurement comparison exercise. We here present results provided by the five participants (of 20 total) reporting quantitative as well as qualitative values for two handgun reloading powders. All five of these participants reported values for nitroglycerin (NG), ethyl centralite (EC), diphenylamine (DPA), and N-nitrosodiphenylamine (NnDPA). Several participants additionally reported the concentrations of secondary stabilizer decomposition products. The unstable NG propellant additive appears to be more susceptible to method-specific calibration biases then are the stabilizer additives. All results from one participant were strongly biased relative to those of the other four. The within-participant measurement uncertainties for all analytes were self-reported to be 1 to 5% relative; among the four concordant participants, the measurement ranges are 5 to 10% relative. There was little consistency among the participants as to what components of measurement variance were included in their uncertainty statements. A discussion of the certainties in these measurements and factors that affect the accuracy of gunpowder additive determinations is presented.
journal_name
J Forensic Scijournal_title
Journal of forensic sciencesauthors
MacCrehan WA,Reardon MR,Duewer DLkeywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-11-01 00:00:00pages
1283-7issue
6eissn
0022-1198issn
1556-4029journal_volume
47pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Larvae of Parasarcophaga ruficornis (Fabricius) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) were reared on tissues from rabbits administered different dosages of methamphetamine to study the effects of this drug on development of this species. The rabbits were given 37.5, 71.4, and 142.9 mg of methamphetamine via ear vein infusion. From...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The paper is concerned with the strength of DNA evidence when a suspect is identified via a search through a database of the DNA profiles of known individuals. Consideration of the appropriate likelihood ratio shows that in this setting the DNA evidence is (slightly) stronger than when a suspect is identified by other...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper reviews 18 publications that advocate the use of product tampering and other poisoning methods as techniques for exacting revenge against individuals and corporations, as methods of committing murder, and for other criminal purposes. Several of the particular techniques recommended in these publications sub...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two hundred and twenty-eight consecutive medicolegal autopsies were studied as to the cause of death established by a physician, the mode of death as suggested in the police report, and findings of medical interest often discovered following autopsy. Corrections had to be made even in some cases which seemed to be obv...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bacterial content may be helpful in differentiating forensic soil samples; however, the effectiveness of bacterial profiling depends on several factors, including uniqueness among different habitat types, the level of heterogeneity within a habitat, and changes in bacterial communities over time. To examine these, soi...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1556-4029.2008.00728.x
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Timing of oviposition on a corpse is a key factor in entomologically based minimum postmortem interval (mPMI) calculations. However, there is considerable variation in nocturnal oviposition behavior of blow flies reported in the research literature. This study investigated nocturnal oviposition in central England for ...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/1556-4029.12841
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The primary objective of this paper is to report on the successful implementation of forensic facial approximation in a real case in the forensic context. A three-dimensional (3D) facial approximation protocol of the skull was performed with free software, applying techniques in a virtual environment that have already...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type：
doi：10.1111/1556-4029.14587
更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although the change in adenosine phosphate levels in muscles may contribute to the development of rigor mortis, the relationship between their levels and the onset and development of rigor mortis has not been well elucidated. In the current study, levels of the adenosine phosphates including adenosine triphosphate (AT...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1556-4029.2010.01450.x
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two recent paternity cases are reported. In the first case of paternity exclusion, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) on variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) loci with multiple alleles were informative, as well as established systems of red blood antigens, red cell enzymes...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The validity and feasibility of using DNA collection cards in the field for preservation and analysis of Cannabis sativa genotypes were investigated using a highly specific hexanucleotide marker. Collection cards were submitted to the National Marijuana Initiative, which selectively trained and managed the collection ...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1556-4029.2011.01818.x
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A sample of 31 criminal defendants who were charged with murder but without major mental disorder was studied. The sample was derived from a large urban multi-ethnic, multi-cultural community pool. Subject characteristics and information about the homicide and decedents are described. Suggestions for further study are...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Age-at-death estimations of 44 individuals (27 adults, 17 children) from the Branch Davidian sample were compared with their actual ages. Estimations were evaluated for bias and accuracy for the actual age at death. Although the overall average estimates correlated well with the actual ages (r = 0.946), several indivi...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to follow the postmortem ethanol production phenomenon under controlled experimental conditions (temperature, time interval) in different tissues. Specimens of blood, liver, skeletal muscle and kidney were taken from 30 corpses and no chemical preservatives were used in the specimens collecte...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Numerous studies have addressed sex estimation from the hands and feet with varying results. These studies have utilized multiple measurements to determine sex from the hands and feet, including measures of robusticity (e.g., base width and midshaft diameter). However, robusticity measurements are affected by activity...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1556-4029.2006.00365.x
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Urea nitrogen, glucose, sodium, potassium, and chloride were measured in common vitreous humor samples using a variety of instruments. There was found to be variation in values obtained by the different procedures for each of these constituents. The variation in electrolyte values between the different procedures can ...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Estimation of age of skeletal remains is one of the most complex questions for anthropologists. The most common macroscopic methods are based on dental wear and histological evaluation of bone remodeling. These methods are often qualitative, require great technical expertise, and have proved inexact in the estimation ...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1556-4029.2006.00159.x
更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Organization of Scientific Area Committees defines threshold of identification as the minimum concentration of ignitable liquid identifiable from gas chromatographic-mass spectrometry data using accepted pattern identification criteria. We propose a method for determining this threshold for gasoline based on base ...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/1556-4029.13983
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Evaluation of an FDA-licensed rapid assay to detect antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was accomplished by testing 414 serum samples collected sequentially from autopsy cases at the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, State of Maryland. The time of postmortem collection ranged from 8 to 30 hours. All s...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common disease involving insulin resistance or deficit that, when left unchecked, may cause severe hyperglycemia and subsequent end-organ damage. Acute pancreatitis (AP) is inflammation of the pancreas that can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. AP and DM both account for a signif...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/1556-4029.13268
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Agencies all around the world now use less-lethal weapons with homogeneous missiles such as bean bag or rubber bullets. Contusions and sometimes significant morbidity have been reported. This study focuses on wounds caused by hybrid ammunition with the pathologists' flap-by-flap procedure. Twenty-four postmortem human...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1556-4029.2010.01431.x
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A case of homicide and attempted homicide is described. The comparison of tire-marks linked the suspect's vehicle to the scene of crime only with low certainty. However, the comparison of the pressure mark on the hubcap found at the scene, with the balance weight on one of the wheels of the suspect's car, connected th...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hand preference may be crucial in the forensic domain, notably in cases where the assailant is known to be left-handed and the defendant claims to be right-handed (or vice versa). In such cases, forensic psychologists or physicians may be asked to test the hand preference of the defendant. However, hand preference may...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type：
doi：10.1111/1556-4029.13923
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Examination of the adult os coxae and sacrum is one of the most common methods of sex estimation from bone. Medical imaging, such as computed tomography (CT), provides the opportunity for three-dimensional (3D) imaging of the skeleton from clinical scans of known individuals in situ. In this study, a randomly selected...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1556-4029.2011.01803.x
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The investigation of sudden unexpected death in psychiatric patients and the ensuing litigation has brought to our attention many unusual features important in the evaluation of such deaths. Certain pathophysiologic mechanisms of death, rarely encountered in routine forensic science practice, may be important in deter...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Electrostatic dust print lift method is known to be able to recover only dry-origin footwear impression. However, the wet-origin footwear impression could also be recovered using this method. As the amount of dust accumulated before deposition of the wet-origin footwear impression increased, the intensity of the footw...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/1556-4029.13743
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We report the identification of acetone (0.45 mg/mL) and isopropanol (0.17 mg/mL) but without the presence of ethanol in a blood sample from a man suspected of driving under the influence of alcohol. A preliminary breath screening test with an electrochemical instrument (Alcolmeter S-L2) was positive and an evidential...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease of uncertain etiology characterized by multifocal areas of discrete and confluent granulomatous inflammation that may rarely be responsible for sudden and unexpected death. Two cases are reported to demonstrate disparate pathological features in fatal cases, one involving cardiac s...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1556-4029.2008.00662.x
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this paper, we report the results of our preliminary studies into chemical characterization of the fluids produced during decomposition in the absence of a soil matrix. Pig (Sus domestica) carcasses were used to model the human decomposition process in two separate locations, Western Australia (Perth) and Canada (O...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1556-4029.2009.01263.x
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The toxicological findings from 6037 analyses of viscera obtained from victims of traumatic death are used to correlate the relative incidence of carbon monoxide, ethyl alcohol, narcotics, hypnotics, analgesics, and tranquilizers-antidepressants in deaths occurring under the following circumstances: fire related, asph...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1976-01-01 00:00:00
