Abstract:
:Skeletal muscle mitochondrial capacity (mito), tissue blood flow (BF) capacity, and oxygen exchange capacity (e.g., DO2) appear to be well matched. The different skeletal muscle fiber types and muscle remodeled, due to inactivity (e.g., related to aging or disease) or exercise training, exhibit widely differing aerobic capacities (VO2max). Yet, there are remarkably coordinated alterations in these 3 parameters in each of these conditions. With such a balance, there is likely shared control among these parameters in limiting VO2max of muscle, although this is a matter of considerable debate. The reduction in aerobic capacity in elderly can be improved by submaximal aerobic exercise training; this is related to increases in muscle mitochondria concentration and capillarity, but probably not BF capacity, as this is limited by central cardiovascular function. Thus, exercise-induced biochemical adaptations and angiogenesis occur in the elderly. The increase in muscle capillarity likely contributes to the increased oxygen exchange capacity, typical of endurance type training. The increase in [mito] appears essential to realize the increased in muscle VO2max with training and amplifies the rate-limiting influence of the muscles oxygen exchange capacity. Further, vascular remodeling induced by exercise in the elderly could be effective at improving flow capacity, if limited by peripheral obstruction. Thus, the limits to aerobic function specific to aged muscle appear most influenced by inactivity, whereas central cardiovascular changes impact whole body performance. Some may consider the aged myocyte as a small, inactive, normal myocyte in need of activity!
journal_name
Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metabauthors
Terjung RL,Zarzeczny R,Yang HTdoi
10.1123/ijsnem.12.3.368keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-09-01 00:00:00pages
368-78issue
3eissn
1526-484Xissn
1543-2742journal_volume
12pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The timing of carbohydrate ingestion and how this influences net muscle glycogen utilization and fatigue has only been investigated in prolonged cycling. Past findings may not translate to running because each exercise mode is distinct both in the metabolic response to carbohydrate ingestion and in the practicalities ...
journal_title:International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2019-0291
更新日期:2020-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of adaptation to a high-fat diet on endurance performance are equivocal, and there is little data regarding the effects on high-intensity exercise performance. This study examined the effects of a high-fat/moderate protein diet on submaximal, maximal, and supramaximal performance. Twenty non-highly trained...
journal_title:International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1123/ijsnem.13.4.466
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigated the hydration profile of high-performance female cricket players competing at a national tournament. The profile comprised hydration monitoring (n=18) and a questionnaire (n=20). Our objectives were to 1) advance the understanding of fluid losses in cricket sessions across a tournament and 2) a...
journal_title:International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1123/ijsnem.17.1.14
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Food intolerance is becoming increasingly prevalent, and increasing numbers of athletes have celiac disease. This poses challenges as dietary recommendations for exercise are largely based on gluten-containing carbohydrate-rich foods. The K4 cycle race covers 384 km around the Coromandel Peninsula, New Zealand. Lack o...
journal_title:International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1123/ijsnem.22.4.304
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The term Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport was introduced by the International Olympic Committee in 2014. It refers to the potential health and performance consequences of inadequate energy for sport, emphasizing that there are consequences of low energy availability (EA; typically defined as <30 kcal·kg-1 fat-free ...
journal_title:International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0127
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rugby union athletes have divergent body composition based on the demands of their on-field playing position and ethnicity. With an established association between physique traits and positional requirements, body composition assessment is routinely undertaken. Surface anthropometry and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometr...
journal_title:International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0019
更新日期:2018-09-26 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Exercise leads to a lower risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). However, whether time of day physical exercise has effects on CAD is still unclear. The present study is to investigate the relationship between time of day physical exercise and angiography determined CAD in a Chinese population. SUBJECTS:A tota...
journal_title:International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2012-0226
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To illustrate the effects of low-carbohydrate (LC) and grain-based (GB) diets on body composition, biomarkers, athletic training, and performance in an elite triathlete. METHODS:The athlete followed 2 dietary interventions for 14 d while maintaining a prescheduled training program. Pre- and postintervention me...
journal_title:International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1123/ijsnem.17.3.296
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To examine how different proteins in a carbohydrate-protein beverage affect postprandial amino acid (AA), glucose, and insulin responses. METHODS:Two randomized, repeated-measures experiments were performed. In one, 10 volunteers drank 3 carbohydrate-protein beverages (380 kcal, 76 g carbohydrate, 19 g protein...
journal_title:International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1123/ijsnem.19.1.1
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::With the increasing knowledge about the role of nutrition in increasing exercise performance, it has become clear over the last 2 decades that amino acids, protein, and protein hydrolysates can play an important role. Most of the attention has been focused on their effects at a muscular level. As these nutrients are i...
journal_title:International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1123/ijsnem.17.s1.s1
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Endurance athletes commonly ingest caffeine as a means to enhance training intensity and competitive performance. A widely-used source of caffeine is coffee, however conflicting evidence exists regarding the efficacy of coffee in improving endurance performance. In this context, the aims of this evidence-based review ...
journal_title:International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2015-0147
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The potential for supplement use to result in doping infringements is likely to be of concern for anyone involved in sports nutrition. The available data indicates that between 40-70% of athletes use supplements, and that between 10-15% of supplements may contain prohibited substances. Such data indicates that there i...
journal_title:International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2013-0174
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Discrepancies in energy and macronutrient intakes between tests are apparent even when a solid prepackaged diet (Sdiet) is used to standardize dietary intake for preexperimental trials. It is unknown whether a liquid prepackaged diet (Ldiet) leads to improved adherence, resulting in lower variability in energy and mac...
journal_title:International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0259
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study characterized body composition profiles of elite American heptathletes and cross-validated skinfold (SKF) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) field method equations for estimation of percent body fat (%Fat) using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as the criterion. Weight, height, fat mass (FM), ...
journal_title:International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1123/ijsnem.11.2.162
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The polyunsaturated fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) affect vascular relaxation and involve factors (e.g., nitric oxide) that contribute to exercise-induced increases in skeletal-muscle blood flow (Q). The authors investigated whether DHA and EPA supplementation augments skeletal-...
journal_title:International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1123/ijsnem.20.6.475
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors compared the effectiveness of daily (DAY) versus alternate day (ALT) oral iron supplementation in athletes with suboptimal iron. Endurance-trained runners (nine males and 22 females), with serum ferritin (sFer) concentrations <50 μg/L, supplemented with oral iron either DAY or ALT for 8 weeks. Serum ferrit...
journal_title:International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2019-0310
更新日期:2020-03-27 00:00:00
abstract::Omega-3 fatty acid (n-3 FA) supplementation could promote adaptation to soccer-specific training. We examined the impact of a 4-week period of n-3 FA supplementation during training on adaptations in 1RM knee extensor strength, 20-m sprint speed, vertical jump power, and anaerobic endurance capacity (Yo-Yo test) in co...
journal_title:International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2016-0325
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fluid milk consumed in conjunction with resistance training (RT) provides additional protein and calcium, which may enhance the effect of RT on body composition. However, the literature on this topic is inconsistent with limited data in adolescents. Therefore, we examined the effects of a supervised RT program (6 mo, ...
journal_title:International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1123/ijsnem.23.4.344
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of a commercial sports drink on performance in high-intensity cycling was investigated. Nine well-trained subjects were asked to complete a set amount of work as fast as possible (time trial) following 24 h of dietary (subjects were provided with food, energy 57.4+/-2.4 kcal/kg and carbohydrate 9.1+/-0.4 g...
journal_title:International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1123/ijsnem.14.5.541
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of carbohydrate ingestion before and during intense constant load cycling to volitional fatigue on surface electromyographic (sEMG) activity from the vastus lateralis (VL) and vastus medialis (VM) muscles. After 24-h diet and training control, 8 well-trained subjec...
journal_title:International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1123/ijsnem.14.2.161
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The current study examined the effect of sprint interval exercise on postexercise oxygen consumption, respiratory-exchange ratio (RER), substrate oxidation, and blood pressure in adolescents. Participants were 10 normal-weight healthy youth (7 female), age 15-18 years. After overnight fasts, each participant undertook...
journal_title:International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1123/ijsnem.22.1.47
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to compare biochemical and hormonal responses between mixed martial arts (MMA) competitors with minimal prefight weight loss and those undergoing rapid weight loss (RWL). Blood samples were taken from 17 MMA athletes (Mean± SD; age: 27.4 ±5.3yr; body mass: 76.2 ± 12.4kg; height: 1.71 ± 0....
journal_title:International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2014-0267
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Iron plays an important role in thyroid hormone metabolism; thus, iron deficiency anemia may lead to alterations in resting metabolic rate (RMR). Based on this premise, two iron-deficient-anemic female athletes, 18 (A1) and 21 (A2) years of age, were supplemented with 23 mg/day of elemental iron to assess its effects ...
journal_title:International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1123/ijsnem.10.4.434
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Research suggests that ingesting protein after resistance exercise (RE) increases muscle protein synthesis and results in greater muscle gains. The effect on energy expenditure and substrate utilization, however, is unclear. This study evaluated the effect of RE and postexercise protein on recovery energy expenditure ...
journal_title:International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1123/ijsnem.17.6.544
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of dietary supplement (DS) use among elite Finnish athletes in 2002 and 2009. In 2009, the authors also wanted to examine the reasons for athletes' DS use, whether athletes feel they have experienced benefits from their supplement use, and whether athletes had had an...
journal_title:International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1123/ijsnem.21.4.271
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry is a commonly used clinical assessment tool for body composition and bone mineral density, which is gaining popularity in athletic cohorts. Results from body composition scans are useful for athletic populations to track training and nutritional interventions, while bone mineral densit...
journal_title:International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0299
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::To defend against hydrogen cation accumulation and muscle fatigue during exercise, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) ingestion is commonplace. The individualized dose-response relationship between NaHCO3 ingestion and blood biochemistry is unclear. The present study investigated the bicarbonate, pH, base excess and sodium r...
journal_title:International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2015-0286
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Impaired muscle function has been coupled to vitamin D insufficiency in young women and in elderly men and women. Those living at Northern latitudes are at risk for vitamin D insufficiency due to low sun exposure which may be more pronounced among elite swimmers because of their indoor training schedules. We aimed to ...
journal_title:International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2016-0248
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exercise has a profound effect on muscle growth, which can occur only if muscle protein synthesis exceeds muscle protein breakdown; there must be a positive muscle protein balance. Resistance exercise improves muscle protein balance, but, in the absence of food intake, the balance remains negative (i.e., catabolic). T...
journal_title:International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1123/ijsnem.11.1.109
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of pre-exercise high carbohydrate meals with high glycemic index (HGI) or low glycemic index (LGI) on blood leukocyte redistribution during subsequent endurance exercise. Eight male subjects performed a 90-min run on a treadmill at 70 % VO2max 3 h after ingesting a...
journal_title:International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1123/ijsnem.14.6.647
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00