Abstract：
PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Polycystic ovary syndrome is one of the most common endocrinopathies affecting premenopausal women. This review focuses on this major cause of hyperandrogenism in adolescents and young women, highlighting new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies that are under investigation. The pathophysiologic role in the disorder are the subject of several recent reports. RECENT FINDINGS:Recent studies have found a 33% prevalence of abnormal glucose tolerance in a cohort of affected adolescents, higher fasting insulin levels and lower insulin sensitivity, and that glucose tolerance testing appears to be necessary for routine screening. The effects of hyperinsulinism may be counteracted by insulin sensitizing agents. In adult women with polycystic ovary syndrome, metformin treatment reduced hyperinsulinemia and hyperandrogenemia. In some obese adolescents, metformin therapy resulted in declines in body mass index, insulin, and glucose. Restoration of regular menses may also occur after metformin treatment. Thus, data is accumulating that insulin-sensitizing agents may be helpful in decreasing the pathophysiologic effects of hyperinsulinism and insulin resistance associated with polycystic ovary syndrome. Other hormonal alterations in polycystic ovary syndrome have also been the subject of recent reports. Leptin secretion was found to be markedly irregular in these women. Elevated LH secretion may be secondary to accelerated gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse generator activity, although the etiology of the pulse alterations is unclear. SUMMARY:Although polycystic ovary syndrome is the most common endocrine disorder affecting young women, it is one of the least understood, reflected by the wealth of research in this area. One area of focus has been the pathophysiologic link between insulin resistance and this disorder, including the effects of promising new agents to counteract these effects.
journal_name
Curr Opin Obstet Gynecoljournal_title
Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecologyauthors
Stafford DE,Gordon CMdoi
10.1097/00001703-200210000-00002keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-10-01 00:00:00pages
445-51issue
5eissn
1040-872Xissn
1473-656Xjournal_volume
14pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The principles of managed care are more difficult to apply to preventive medical treatments, such as hormone replacement therapy, than to the investigation and treatment of established disease. In addition to an ageing society with increased health demands, the use of hormone replacement therapy is increasing in most ...
journal_title：Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Current ultrasound equipment allows the antenatal identification of many central nervous system anomalies from early gestation. In selected cases, special techniques (transvaginal sonography, three-dimensional ultrasound, colour Doppler) may enhance the diagnostic potential. Diagnostic accuracy, however, remains heavi...
journal_title：Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/00001703-200004000-00007
更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To provide an overview of the latest views and evidence available to clinicians managing couples with recurrent early pregnancy loss (RPL). RECENT FINDINGS:RPL is a heterogeneous condition associated with many pathologies, none of which is found in more than 50% of couples after routine investigation...
journal_title：Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/GCO.0b013e32833e124e
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ovarian stimulation is applied during infertility management either alone or in conjunction with intrauterine insemination and assisted reproductive technologies. At the present time, the two main medications used for ovarian stimulation include an oral antiestrogen, clomiphene citrate, and injectable gonadotropins. I...
journal_title：Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/00001703-200206000-00003
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This review explores some of the implications for a balanced approach to the ethics of maternal participation in clinical research, from the perspective of the fetus as a patient, which is a central concept in obstetric ethics. The review therefore begins with an account of this topic, followed by an examination of so...
journal_title：Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/00001703-199912000-00002
更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:We present an update on amenorrhea in adolescent girls and young women. Amenorrhea may herald the onset of estrogen deficiency, which can adversely affect peak bone mass and ultimate risk of osteoporosis. RECENT FINDINGS:Adolescence is a critical period for bone accretion. Important modifiable factor...
journal_title：Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/00001703-200310000-00005
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Gonadotrophin in IVF increases the number of oocytes retrieved, and many doctors regard a high number of oocytes as a measurement of success in IVF. Thus, the dogma of more oocytes provides better IVF success has been broadly accepted. However, some European fertility specialists have argued against t...
journal_title：Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/GCO.0000000000000460
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) accounts for approximately 20% of mammographically diagnosed breast cancers. Currently, there is a trend to consider DCIS as a lesion for which treatment deescalation is advocated to avoid overtreatment, that is, radiotherapy in addition to breast-conserving surgery or ...
journal_title：Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/GCO.0000000000000237
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Many minimally invasive techniques have recently been introduced for the management of uterine fibroids. The purpose of this review is to analyse recent data for techniques that are used to manage uterine fibroids. RECENT FINDINGS:Laparoscopic myomectomy has provided a minimally invasive alternative ...
journal_title：Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/00001703-200208000-00007
更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The prevalence and impact of elective deliveries occurring prior to 39 weeks' gestation has been the focus of several important studies published in recent medical literature. Defined as scheduled deliveries in the absence of medical or obstetrical indications, concern has been raised that many of the...
journal_title：Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/GCO.0b013e3283404eb4
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The development of robotic technology has facilitated the application of minimally invasive techniques for complex operations in gynecologic oncology. The objective of this article is to review the published literature regarding robotic surgery and its application to gynecologic cancer. RECENT FINDIN...
journal_title：Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/GCO.0b013e32834daebc
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Examine recent evidence of randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses regarding the effect of maternal vitamin D status and supplementation over obstetrical and offspring outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS:Maternal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin [25(OH)D] progressively declines during pregnancy because of fetal ...
journal_title：Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/GCO.0000000000000641
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Intestinal endometriosis is commonly diagnosed in the setting of deeply infiltrating endometriosis. A multidisciplinary team that includes gynaecologists and general surgeons traditionally performs laparoscopic bowel resections for symptomatic patients. Recently, Pereira et al. has published the resul...
journal_title：Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/GCO.0b013e32833beae0
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To describe the current consensus regarding the modern management of ovarian endometriosis and summarize the recent evidence that led to a shift in the management recommendations. RECENT FINDINGS:The vast majority of the recent studies demonstrate an adverse effect of surgery on ovarian reserve marke...
journal_title：Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/GCO.0000000000000078
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gynecologic oncology is a rapidly growing field due to constant advances in immunohistochemistry and molecular biology. This review serves as an overview of new studies promoting the use of tumor markers and molecular biological prognostic factors in malignancies affecting women. The majority of studies focus on eithe...
journal_title：Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/00001703-200102000-00005
更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists as adjunctive therapy with gonadotropins for ovulation induction in in vitro fertilization and other assisted reproductive technologies has become common clinical practice. With the recent advent of potent gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists free from the marke...
journal_title：Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Early ectopic pregnancy screening using vaginal ultrasonographic technology together with measurement of beta human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) and human chorionic somatomammotropin is possible within the first 2 weeks of the missing menses, prior to the appearance of symptoms. This article summarizes the main a...
journal_title：Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Fetal and newborn brain injury causes lifelong morbidity for the survivors, with high emotional costs to the individual and the family plus a heavy economic burden for society. This is timely and relevant. Techniques are now available to prevent, detect, and treat those central nervous injuries that r...
journal_title：Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/GCO.0b013e3282f734db
更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To summarize the available data regarding the value of oral contraceptive pill addition in ovarian stimulation schemes used for in-vitro fertilization. RECENT FINDINGS:In agonists cycles, a decreased incidence of ovarian cyst formation is expected in patients pretreated with the oral contraceptive pi...
journal_title：Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/GCO.0b013e3280bad868
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the past year, new data have been published on the molecular biology of human papillomavirus infections and their relationship to cervical neoplasia. As molecular techniques have become more sophisticated and as the molecular knowledge of human papilloma-virus infections has been pursued in greater depth, it is inc...
journal_title：Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Electro-stimulation has been reported to be effective in the relief of stress and urge urinary incontinence. The rates of cure and improvement brought about by pelvic floor electro-stimulation in patients with urinary incontinence are 30-50% and 60-90%, respectively. In clinical practice, vaginal, anal and surface ele...
journal_title：Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/00001703-199910000-00016
更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Infertility is a common medical problem resulting from one or more defects in the reproductive tract. Of the known causes of infertility, cervico-utero-tubal factors are important because they are generally manageable. Cervical factors include changes in cervical architecture, mucus, or both, resulting in a hostile en...
journal_title：Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Abortion services are essential in sexual and reproductive health and should be held to the same standards as other health services. Patient (or person)-centeredness is a key dimension of healthcare quality that incorporates the perspectives of patients in care provision. The purpose of this review is...
journal_title：Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/GCO.0000000000000492
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The clinical utility of sperm DNA fragmentation tests needs to be revisited in light of increasing evidence of detrimental effect of sperm DNA damage on reproductive outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS:Current evidence supports the association between high sperm DNA fragmentation and poor outcomes with regards...
journal_title：Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/GCO.0000000000000271
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The past year has seen major challenges to existing maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein testing protocols for both neural tube defects and chromosomal anomalies. These challenges are reviewed along with the physiology of alpha-fetoprotein; the use of amniocentesis, ultrasonography, and additional serum markers in women w...
journal_title：Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The principles of neonatal neurological protection following intrapartum hypoxia are briefly reviewed. The physiological principles behind the use of cardiotocograph patterns in defining the timing and mechanism of fetal hypoxia and injury are then demonstrated. RECENT FINDINGS:Fetal neurological inj...
journal_title：Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/01.gco.0000192984.15095.7c
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Transvaginal ultrasonography is emerging as the newest method for the early detection of structural malformations and markers of chromosomal aberrations. According to a multicenter registry on the onset of fetal anomalies, many defects are potentially detectable at an early transvaginal scan. Moreover, cystic hygroma ...
journal_title：Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/00001703-199504000-00008
更新日期：1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper reviews psychologic aspects of sexual abuse in female adolescents. It documents that sexual abuse is widespread, occurring at an alarming rate at all socioeconomic levels of society. It is perpetrated principally by adult men in the victim's family. Often its effects are tragic. Adolescent female sexual abu...
journal_title：Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The field of preimplantation genetic diagnosis has undergone significant advances since the report of the first birth from this method in 1990. The first birth in the USA was reported in 1992, as was the first successful diagnosis and delivery of a baby free of a single gene defect disorder (cystic fibrosis and then T...
journal_title：Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An increasing number of diseases in child and adult life are now thought to have their origins in the fetal period. Central to this predisposition is restriction of fetal growth. During the period reviewed in this article, the associations between adult hypertension and low birthweight were confirmed, and numerous stu...
journal_title：Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/00001703-199804000-00011
更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00
