Abstract：
:Standard treatment of poisoning by organophosphates (OP) includes the administration of an antimuscarinic agent, e.g. atropine, and of an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) reactivator (oxime). The presently available oximes, obidoxime and pralidoxime (2-PAM), are considered to be insufficient for highly toxic OPs, e.g. sarin. In the past decades numerous oximes were prepared and tested for their efficacy in OP poisoning, mostly in animal experiments. However, data indicate that the reactivating potency of oximes may be different in humans and animal species, which may hamper the extrapolation of animal data to humans and may pose a problem in the drug licensing of new compounds. In order to provide data for a better evaluation of the reactivating potency of oximes, experiments were undertaken to determine the reactivation rate constants of several oximes with human, rabbit, rat and guinea-pig AChE inhibited by the OPs sarin, cyclosarin and VX. The results show marked differences among the species, depending on the inhibitor and on the oxime, and indicate that the findings from animal experiments need careful evaluation before extrapolating these data to humans.
journal_name
Arch Toxicoljournal_title
Archives of toxicologyauthors
Worek F,Reiter G,Eyer P,Szinicz Ldoi
10.1007/s00204-002-0375-1keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-09-01 00:00:00pages
523-9issue
9eissn
0340-5761issn
1432-0738journal_volume
76pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Volunteers inhaled a constant concentration of 50 ppm trichloroethylene (Tri) for 6 hrs per day on 5 consecutive days. Simultaneous ethanol (EtOH) ingestion (blood level 0.6%) inhibits the metabolization of Tri to trichloroethanol (TCE) and trichloroacetic acid (TCA) by 40% on the average. Oxidation of Tri to TCA does...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00204-013-1030-8
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002040050335
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002040050276
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002040000123
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journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00366186
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journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00204-011-0728-8
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00204-013-1160-z
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00361252
更新日期：1980-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01974690
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00204-003-0474-7
更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00204-013-1037-1
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01973634
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00204-004-0586-8
更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00204-010-0633-6
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/BF02307263
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002040050437
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of toxicology
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更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00204-009-0463-6
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01977402
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00303129
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Primary hepatocytes are a widely used cell model to analyse the expression and regulation of hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoenzymes. Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) was previously shown to inhibit constitutive and induced CYP1 expression in human cell lines and primary hepatocytes but not in rat cells. ...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002040050667
更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00204-006-0102-4
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002040050281
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The estimation of risk and evaluation of risk/benefit are traditionally and by necessity oriented at the current state of science and technology to ensure contemporary rights of safety. This demands a careful development in the methodology of hazard identification and risk assessment and its continuous updating and in...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/BF00296984
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
