Abstract:
:There is a preoccupation with linearity and absorbed dose as the basic quantifiers of radiation hazard. An alternative is the fluence approach, whereby radiation hazard may be evaluated, at least in principle, via an appropriate action cross section. In order to compare these approaches, it may be useful to discuss them as quantitative descriptors of survival and transformation-like endpoints in cell cultures in vitro--a system thought to be relevant to modelling radiation hazard. If absorbed dose is used to quantify these biological endpoints, then non-linear dose-effect relations have to be described, and, e.g. after doses of densely ionising radiation, dose-correction factors as high as 20 are required. In the fluence approach only exponential effect-fluence relationships can be readily described. Neither approach alone exhausts the scope of experimentally observed dependences of effect on dose or fluence. Two-component models, incorporating a suitable mixture of the two approaches, are required. An example of such a model is the cellular track structure theory developed by Katz over thirty years ago. The practical consequences of modelling radiation hazard using this mixed two-component approach are discussed.
journal_name
Radiat Prot Dosimetryjournal_title
Radiation protection dosimetryauthors
Waligórski MPdoi
10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a006828keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-01-01 00:00:00pages
439-44issue
1-4eissn
0144-8420issn
1742-3406journal_volume
99pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The diagnostic reference level (DRL) has generally been defined as the 75th percentile of the distributions of mean doses observed on a sample of standard-sized patients, but for mammography, the 95th percentile has been used. In this study, the 75th and 95th percentiles are estimated for 26 full-field digital mammogr...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/nct136
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Amongst the dosemeters offered by the Health Protection Agency (HPA) Personal Dosimetry Service are finger rings, which use the Harshaw™ DXTRAD element. This paper describes restricted-type testing carried out by HPA on the previously untried combination of the LiF:Mg,Cu,P material and a thicker filter (42 mg cm(-2))....
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncq564
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two phantoms for a performance evaluation of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) were developed and their efficiency was tested. The first phantom, for low-contrast resolution, consisted of an acrylic circular plate with three 0.5-1.0 mm diameter rods. These rods enable the user to visually evaluate the limit of obse...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncy116
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study aims to provide more insight in attenuation characteristics and corresponding lead (Pb) equivalences of a broad range of commercially available lead composite and nonlead protective garments. Thirty garments of five manufacturers (listed as 0.25-0.35-0.50 mm Pb equivalent) were tested. Transmission values w...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncw373
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::After the Chernobyl reactor accident wide areas of Belarus were contaminated with radioactive fallout. The verification and documentation of the long-term development of radiation doses is still going on. A population group of special concern are the children living in contaminated regions. The annual dose limit of 1 ...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncm153
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Potassium-40 constitutes the main natural source of potassium present in the body, which influences the effective dose received by people. With the aim of assessing the contribution of this component to the doses received by the Cuban population, a study intended to assess the doses was developed. For this purpose, a ...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a006187
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Theoretical models to calculate the indoor gamma and radon doses are reviewed, refined and applied. The model for gamma doses is built based on the relative effects of the different room elements that control the amount of radiation. The relative doses are calculated by the MCNP5 simulation software. The gamma sources...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncz008
更新日期:2019-12-31 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure of children to ionising radiation is considered to carry higher risk than that of adults; therefore a need to suggest diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) for the common paediatric diagnostic X-ray procedures was recognised for the X-ray machines meeting the requirements of the recently implemented Safety Code ...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncq458
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Russia, especially in big cities like St. Petersburg, the annual number of interventional radiological (IR) examinations for both diagnostic and treatment purposes is increasing continuously. However, IR examinations might involve high patient doses and even the risk of skin injures that should be prevented. In thi...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncq021
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Scarce published data on the long-term excretion of tritiated water from the human body have been re-evaluated in order to develop a biokinetic model describing the retention in the human body of 3H from tritiated water (HTO) that could be used for both prospective and retrospective radiation protection. A three-compo...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a006227
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 2008, the German Childhood Cancer Registry published the results of the Kinderkrebs in der Umgebung von Kernkraftwerken (KiKK) study of childhood cancer and leukaemia around German nuclear power stations. The positive findings appeared to conflict with the results of a recent British analysis carried out by the Com...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncn254
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Monte Carlo simulations were performed to evaluate treatment doses with wide spread used radionuclides 133Xe, 99mTc and 81mKr. These different radionuclides are used in perfusion or ventilation examinations in nuclear medicine and as indicators for cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. The objective of this work was ...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncx181
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the light of a growing awareness of the risks of inducing skin injuries as a consequence of fluoroscopically guided interventional procedures (FGIPs), this paper reports measurements of ESDs made during the period August 1998 to June 1999 on 137 patients undergoing cardiac, neurological and general FGIPs in the Sou...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a006486
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::At the low doses (and low dose rates) relevant to environmental and occupational radiation exposure (0-50 mSv), which are of practical concern for radiation protection, very few cells in the human organism experience more than one traversal by densely ionising particles in their lifetime, the intervals between the tra...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncl444
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The type testing of measuring devices is one of the most important parts of a quality management system in a personal dosimetry services program. In this study, based upon the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 62387 criteria, a reader-testing program was performed for a home-made personal thermoluminesce...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncw100
更新日期:2017-04-20 00:00:00
abstract::There have been few studies on the secondary cancer after radiation treatment in Chinese hospitals. This study has measured out-of-field absorbed organ doses from intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) radiotherapy for esophageal cancer in a Chinese hospital and evaluated the risks of secondary cancer. The dose ...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncx057
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the early phase of a nuclear reactor accident, in-vivo monitoring of impacted population would be highly useful to detect potential contamination during the passage of the cloud and to estimate the dose from inhalation of measured radionuclides. However, it would be important to take into account other exposure com...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncy277
更新日期:2019-11-30 00:00:00
abstract::Monte Carlo simulations of the energy response of a conventionally packaged single metal-oxide field effect transistors (MOSFET) detector were performed with the goal of improving MOSFET energy dependence for personal accident or military dosimetry. The MOSFET detector packaging was optimised. Two different 'drop-in' ...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncq144
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to provide reference fields for the ionising radiation, PTB operates the ion accelerator facility. Referring to high energy photons, reference fields according to International Organization for Standardization 4037 series are produced. The neutron component of the 6-7 MeV photon field (R-F), which is produced...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncp101
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Biokinetic models are the scientific underpinning of internal dosimetry and depend, ultimately, for their scientific validation on comparisons with human bioassay data. Three significant plutonium/americium bioassay databases, known to the authors, are described: (1) Sellafield, (2) Los Alamos and (3) the United State...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncm164
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spectrum deconvolution is an important task in ionizing radiation measurements, as the pulse height spectra, or, in general, the measured data from spectrometers or other measuring instruments are usually determined by the convolution of the response function with the fluence spectra. The method presented here for obt...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncy286
更新日期:2019-12-23 00:00:00
abstract::Spinal deformities affect young individuals predominantly girls who are usually subjected to regular and intensive radiological investigation especially before and after corrective surgery. Optimisation of spine computed tomography (CT) and the implementation of the low-dose CT in the work-up of spinal deformities wer...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncp306
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Comparative studies on the translocation and retention of intramuscularly (i.m.) injected thorium nitrate (234Th 46 ng + 232Th 5 microg per rat) in solutions of citrate, CaDTPA or citrate + CaDTPA in rats have been conducted. Results showed that only thorium in mixed-ligand solution was entirely translocated from the ...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a006294
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A project to construct the Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex (KOMAC) is currently underway targeting a high-intensity proton beam with an average current of 4.8 mA. As for the first stage of construction, a 20 MeV linac is planned to be built by 2007 and additional DTL sections will be added to increase the prot...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/nci066
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The National Institute of Standards and Technology developed a new set of test sources for testing of portal monitors against the ANSI standard N42.35-2004. The design and source specifications are provided in this work. ...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/nch422
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The potential harmful effect of electromagnetic fields on human health is an important issue that has been widely discussed in the scientific community. The investigation of temperature rise in human body following exposure to electromagnetic fields has been found impractical in many aspects. Therefore, fabrication of...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncv351
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The image background resulting from imaged anatomy can be divided into those components that are meaningful to the observers, in the sense that they are recognised as separate structures, and those that are not. These latter components (reffered to as anatomical noise) can be removed using a method developed within th...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/nch526
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bonner sphere spectrometers (BSSs) are employed in neutron spectrometry and dosimetry since many years. Recent developments have seen the addition to a conventional BSS of one or more detectors (moderator plus thermal neutron counter) specifically designed to improve the overall response of the spectrometer to neutron...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/nch187
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The national diagnostic reference levels (NDRLs) form an efficient, concise and powerful standard for optimising radiation protection of a patient. However, in a large hospital, where many radiological departments are present, it is also possible to calculate and define lower dose values as local diagnostic reference ...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/nch432
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the event of a criticality accident, not only the maximal doses received by the victims must be determined but it is also crucial to evaluate the doses to the different organs. With a neutron component, morphology is a key parameter in the organ dose calculation. As the simulation tools can be time consuming to pro...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncaa123
更新日期:2020-11-06 00:00:00