Abstract：
:Human and animal limbs can be modelled as a chain of segments connected at joints. For a static limb, the force exerted at the endpoint due to the force of a single muscle has been calculated. It turns out that there are marked differences in the action of mono- vs. biarticular muscles. Monoarticular muscles produce an endpoint force that is directed in the lengthwise direction of the limb, i.e. in the direction of one of the segments. The force from biarticular muscles can have a marked transverse component. The 'principal direction' of this endpoint force is also the movement direction of the endpoint which is the most favourable for the muscle to do work. The reasoning presented can explain e.g. the differences in the activity of mono- and biarticular muscles in cycling.
journal_name
J Biomechjournal_title
Journal of biomechanicsauthors
Hof ALdoi
10.1016/s0021-9290(01)00056-2keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-08-01 00:00:00pages
1085-9issue
8eissn
0021-9290issn
1873-2380pii
S0021929001000562journal_volume
34pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:A clinical strength MRI and intact bovine caudal intervertebral discs were used to test the hypotheses that (1) mechanical loading and trypsin treatment induce changes in NMR parameters, mechanical properties and biochemical contents; and (2) mechanical properties are quantitatively related to NMR parameters. MRI acqu...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbiomech.2005.04.015
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The natural stress distribution in the femur is significantly altered after total hip arthroplasty (THA). When an implant is introduced, it will carry a portion of the load, causing a reduction of stress in some regions of the remaining bone. This phenomenon is commonly known as stress shielding. In response to the ch...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0021-9290(00)00110-x
更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cervical spine injuries continue to be a costly societal problem. Future advancements in injury prevention depend on improved physical and computational models, which are predicated on a better understanding of the neck response during dynamic loading. Previous studies have shown that the tolerance of the neck is depe...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.01.006
更新日期：2016-02-29 00:00:00
abstract：:The literature contains many measurements of the fatigue properties of compact bone, but these experimental results have been difficult to interpret and use due to a large amount of apparent scatter: variation in the number of cycles to failure for a given cyclic stress or strain range. Recently Taylor (1998a, Journal...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0021-9290(99)00112-8
更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We previously developed a load-adaptive bone modelling and remodelling simulation model that can predict changes in the bone micro-architecture as a result of changes in mechanical loading or cell activity. In combination with a novel algorithm to estimate loading conditions, this offers the possibility for patient-sp...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbiomech.2012.06.031
更新日期：2012-09-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Tendons are able to transmit high loads efficiently due to their finely optimized hierarchical collagen structure. Two mechanisms by which tendons respond to load are collagen fibril sliding and deformation (stretch). Although many studies have demonstrated that regional variations in tendon structure, composition, an...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbiomech.2014.10.029
更新日期：2014-12-18 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study, bulge inflation tests were used to characterize the failure response of 15 layers of human ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms (ATAA). Full field displacement data were collected during each of the mechanical tests using a digital image stereo-correlation (DIS-C) system. Using the collected displacement...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbiomech.2013.12.012
更新日期：2014-02-07 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to validate the mathematical predictions of individual muscle forces obtained using optimization models. Mathematical muscle force predictions were made using linear and nonlinear optimization models proposed in the literature. Actual muscle forces were measured experimentally from soleus...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0021-9290(91)90375-w
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The process of adaptive bone remodeling can be described mathematically and simulated in a computer model, integrated with the finite element method. In the model discussed here, cortical and trabecular bone are described as continuous materials with variable density. The remodeling rule applied to simulate the remode...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0021-9290(92)90056-7
更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The slit arteriotomy for end-to-side arterial microanastomosis is a technique used to revascularize free flaps in reconstructive surgery. Does a slit open to a width sufficient for blood supply? How is the slit opening affected by factors, such as arterial wall thickness and material stiffness? To answer these questio...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.12.015
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of cryosurgery is to kill cells within a closely defined region maintained at a predetermined low temperature. To effectively kill cells, it is important to be able to predict and control the cooling rate over some critical range of temperatures and freezing states in order to regulate the spatial extent of in...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbiomech.2005.11.005
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Plexiform bovine bone samples are repeatedly loaded in tension along their longitudinal axis. In order to induce damage in the bone tissue, bone samples are loaded past their yield point. Half of the bone samples from the damaged group were stored in saline to allow for viscoelastic recovery while the others were deca...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0021-9290(03)00169-6
更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Medical professionals, physical therapists, product designers, and computational models all use cervical spine range of motion reference values. To support these functions, researchers have collected a plethora of data to determine the normal range of motion of the cervical spine of adult subjects. However, little to ...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.06.021
更新日期：2008-08-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Accurate location of the hip joint center is essential for computation of hip kinematics and kinetics as well as for determination of the moment arms of muscles crossing the hip. The functional method of hip joint center location involves fitting a pelvis-fixed sphere to the path traced by a thigh-fixed point while a ...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0021-9290(01)00052-5
更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tendon elasticity is important for economical locomotion; however it is unknown whether tendon stiffness is appropriate to achieve an optimal efficiency in various muscles. Here we test the hypothesis that the Achilles tendon is of an appropriate stiffness to maximise medial gastrocnemius muscle efficiency during loco...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbiomech.2006.07.025
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In highly aligned connective tissues, such as tendon, collagen fibrils are linked together by proteoglycans (PGs). Recent mechanical and theoretical studies on tendon micromechanics have implied that PGs mediate mechanical interactions between adjacent collagen fibrils. We used transmission electron microscopy to obse...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbiomech.2005.12.011
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A finite-element micromechanics model for Haversian cortical bone tissue has been developed and studied. The model is an extension of two-dimensional micromechanics techniques for fiber-reinforced composite materials. Haversian systems, or secondary osteons, are considered to be the fiber component, and interstitial l...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0021-9290(92)90095-i
更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The anatomy of the distal femur has a predominant influence on the mechanics of both patello- and tibio-femoral joints. Especially, the morphological degeneration of the trochlear region dramatically affects the overall knee biomechanics and, from a clinical point of view, the staging of such a degeneration is fundame...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.07.008
更新日期：2019-09-20 00:00:00
abstract：:It is well known that cyclic mechanical loading can produce an anabolic response in bone. In vivo studies have shown that the insertion of short-term recovery periods (10-15 s) into mechanical loading profiles led to an increased osteogenic response compared to continuous cyclic loading of bone. Although this is sugge...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.08.009
更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tripping is responsible for a large percentage of falls. Minimum toe clearance (MTC) during the swing phase of gait is commonly used to infer the probability of tripping (POT). However, there is limited empirical evidence to support the relationship between these two variables, and other measures of toe trajectory may...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.10.045
更新日期：2016-12-08 00:00:00
abstract：:Multi-segment models of the foot have been proposed in the past years to overcome limitations imposed by oversimplified traditional approaches used to describe foot kinematics, but they have been only partially validated and never compared. This paper presents a unique comparative assessment of the four most widely ad...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.07.041
更新日期：2016-10-03 00:00:00
abstract：:This work describes a dynamic model of the low back that incorporates extensive anatomical detail of the musculo-ligamentous-skeletal system to predict the load time histories of individual tissues. The dynamic reaction moment about L4/L5 was determined during lateral bending from a linked-segment model. This reaction...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0021-9290(92)90259-4
更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The kinetics of the body's center of gravity during level walking were analyzed in 50 normal subjects and 47 patients. The three-dimensional displacements of the center of gravity were computed by the integration of force plate data. The energy levels and the power requirements of the center of gravity were also calcu...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0021-9290(87)90328-9
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this paper, a novel multi-slice ultrasound (US) image calibration of an intelligent skin-marker used for soft tissue artefact compensation is proposed to align and orient image slices in an exact H-shaped pattern. Multi-slice calibration is complex, however, in the proposed method, a phantom based visual alignment ...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.12.030
更新日期：2017-09-06 00:00:00
abstract：:A finite element model of a bioprosthetic heart valve was developed to determine the influence of the stent height on leaflet stresses under various pressure loading conditions after valve closure. A nonlinear solution was used to obtain the stresses in the leaflets for stent heights of 14.6 mm, 19.0 mm and 22.0 mm re...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0021-9290(86)90199-5
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A general theory is described for deriving the mechanical effect of muscles with large attachment sites. In a cadaver experiment the complete attachment sites and bundle distribution of 16 muscles of the shoulder mechanism were recorded. These data were used to calculate the mechanical effect, i.e. the resulting force...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0021-9290(91)90007-a
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Harmonic tension-compression tests at 0.1, 0.5 and 1 Hz on hydrated bovine periodontal ligament (PDL) were numerically simulated. The process was modeled by finite elements (FE) within the framework of poromechanics, with the objective of isolating the contributions of the solid- and fluid phases. The solid matrix was...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.08.019
更新日期：2011-01-04 00:00:00
abstract：:Differences between wear-scar features of simulator-tested and retrieved tibial total knee replacement (TKR) liners have been reported. This disagreement may result from differences between in vivo kinematic profiles and those defined by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). The purpose of this stu...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbiomech.2009.06.030
更新日期：2009-10-16 00:00:00
abstract：:The more we learn about the intervertebral disc (IVD), the more we come to appreciate the intricacies involved in transmission of forces through the ECM to the cell, and in the biological determinants of its response to mechanical stress. This review highlights recent developments in our knowledge of IVD physiology an...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jbiomech.2009.09.019
更新日期：2010-01-05 00:00:00
abstract：:The carpometacarpal (CMC) joints of the hand facilitate motion of the metacarpals and are critical for functional tasks, especially tasks involving precision grasping. Despite their importance, only limited data describing metacarpal kinematics exist. In this short communication, we quantified in vivo metacarpal kinem...
journal_title：Journal of biomechanics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbiomech.2013.05.019
更新日期：2013-08-09 00:00:00
