Abstract:
:Significant progress has been made since the war against cancer was launched. Discoveries in molecular medicine, genetics, and epidemiology have led to the recognition that certain cancers are potentially preventable and that elements of lifestyle, along with genetic, hormonal, and metabolic factors can be altered to reduce cancer risk. Advances in medical technology have led to the development of new imaging methods and computer technologies that can aid in efforts to detect, diagnosis, and treat cancer. Since the offensive against cancer was initiated, cancer treatments have become more powerful, more precise, less drastic, and safer. As a result, cancer incidence and mortality have begun to decline. Yet, while the nation boasts of the progress being achieved relative to cancer incidence and mortality, and federal research agencies retort that research applies to all populations, it is apparent that the declines do not translate to all populations in the United States. Clinical research is essential to cancer prevention and control. Within the oncology community, clinical cancer research trials are viewed as an efficient and economical way for patients to secure state-of-the-science medical care. Recognizing the need to improve access to state-of-the-science cancer treatment and control programs, minority and female participation in clinical cancer research trials has been encouraged. This recommendation is based on the belief that increased participation in well-designed clinical cancer research trials adhering to strict protocols and quality controls will, not only help validate the application of research findings to minority and female populations, but also result in better patient outcomes. Born out of a commitment to social equity, justice, beneficence, and the desire to ensure that data relevant to cancer prevention and control are both valid and generalizable to populations across the United States, several programs of research aimed toward increasing the representation of women and minorities in clinical cancer research have been pursued by the National Cancer Institute. This issue of the Annals of Epidemiology Minorities, Women, and Clinical Cancer Research presents issues and challenges that face the research community and descriptions of effective models, strategies, and practices that may be used to increase the participation of minorities and women in clinical cancer research trials and facilitate the conduct of research directed toward reducing the cancer burden within the United States.
journal_name
Ann Epidemioljournal_title
Annals of epidemiologyauthors
Underwood SMdoi
10.1016/s1047-2797(00)00200-3keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-11-01 00:00:00pages
S3-12issue
8 Suppleissn
1047-2797issn
1873-2585pii
S1047-2797(00)00200-3journal_volume
10pub_type
杂志文章abstract:PURPOSE:Estimates of mammography utilization vary considerably, depending on the data source. Among women aged 65 years and older, recent estimates of annual mammography derived from the 1992 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) were 50% higher than estimates from Medicare claims. We investigated possible reasons fo...
journal_title:Annals of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s1047-2797(98)00010-6
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To assess intake of several vitamins in preparation for a large cohort study investigating the effect of diet on risk of colon and prostate cancer. METHODS:The dietary intake of several vitamins were assessed using eight different 24-hour recalls and a 200-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) from each subj...
journal_title:Annals of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s1047-2797(01)00224-1
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:We examined the prevalence of high levels of depressive symptoms and their association with sociodemographic and health characteristics in an urban Korean population following the financial crisis in late 1997. METHODS:Using data from a cross-sectional survey conducted in Ansan-city, Korea, from June 1999 to J...
journal_title:Annals of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2004.05.004
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To provide a synthesis of current approaches to the discovery of genes associated with complex human diseases by examining the joint potential of traditional epidemiologic methods and current molecular techniques for gene discovery. METHODS:A discussion of optimal approaches for defining complex disease phenot...
journal_title:Annals of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s1047-2797(98)00064-7
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:This paper describes a new estimation method of the number of road injuries in The Netherlands. METHODS:The bases for this method are the hospital inpatient registry and the police crash record database. Both databases contain errors and omissions. The police database in particular suffers from serious underre...
journal_title:Annals of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2011.05.007
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Serum total cholesterol (> or = 6.7 mmol/L) measured in 1960 in the Charleston Heart Study cohort was found to be a risk for mortality from coronary heart disease during the period of 1960 to 1988 in white men (relative risk [RR] 1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1, 2.2), white women (RR 1.7; 95% CI: 1.1, 2.7), and...
journal_title:Annals of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To compare the estimates of HIV-related risk derived from a sample drawn through random digit dialing and that component of the sample drawn from households listed in a telephone directory. METHODS:The prevalence of key outcomes, and their 95% confidence intervals, was estimated for the total sample and for th...
journal_title:Annals of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2004.06.003
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To test the association between income inequality and elderly self-rated health and to propose a pathway to explain the relationship. METHODS:We analyzed a sample of 2143 older individuals (60 years of age and over) from 49 distritos of the Municipality of São Paulo, Brazil. Bayesian multilevel logistic models...
journal_title:Annals of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2012.09.009
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The following is based on my remarks on receipt of the 2015 ACE award for outstanding contributions to epidemiology. ...
journal_title:Annals of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2016.02.005
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Recent U.S. guidelines redefining blood-pressure categories have generated a continuing controversy regarding the new "prehypertensive" category (systolic, 120-139, diastolic, 80-89), signifying heightened risk of progression to outright hypertension and a need for lifestyle changes and frequent follow-up. This...
journal_title:Annals of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2005.02.010
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To describe long-term trends in tuberculosis (TB) mortality and to compare trends estimated from two different sources of public health surveillance data. METHODS:Trends and changes in trend were estimated by joinpoint regression. Comparisons between data sets were made by fitting a Poisson regression model. ...
journal_title:Annals of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2011.07.002
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Health and mortality of people released from incarceration have received increased attention, and yet little is known about the postrelease experiences of those hospitalized during incarceration. METHODS:For persons incarcerated and released from the North Carolina (NC) state prison system between January 1, 2...
journal_title:Annals of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.03.006
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Socioeconomic status (SES) as a risk factor for mortality in type 1 diabetes (T1D) has not been adequately studied prospectively. METHODS:Complete clinical and SES (income, education, occupation) data were available for 317 T1D participants in the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study within ...
journal_title:Annals of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2011.02.011
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Heterogeneous findings exist on antiretroviral therapy (ART) use in pregnancy and preterm delivery (PTD) or infants born small-for-gestational age (SGA). Whether reported differences may be explained by methods used to ascertain gestational age (GA) has not been explored. METHODS:We enrolled consecutive pregna...
journal_title:Annals of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2018.08.011
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:This cohort study examined the relationship between maternal intake of individual fatty acids, meat, and fish during pregnancy and the risk of wheeze and eczema in children aged 23-29 months because epidemiologic evidence on this topic is inconclusive. METHODS:Subjects were 1354 Japanese mother-child pairs. Da...
journal_title:Annals of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2013.08.004
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:This article describes epidemiologic evidence concerning risk of gun violence and suicide linked to psychiatric disorders, in contrast to media-fueled public perceptions of the dangerousness of mentally ill individuals, and evaluates effectiveness of policies and laws designed to prevent firearms injury and mor...
journal_title:Annals of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2014.03.004
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Cost analyses of tuberculosis (TB) in the United States have not included elements that may be prevented if TB were prevented, such as losses associated with TB-related disability, personal and other costs to society. Unmeasured TB costs lead to underestimates of the benefit of prevention and create conditions ...
journal_title:Annals of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2009.09.004
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:As Western populations live longer, peripheral vascular disease will become a greater individual and public health problem. Therefore, the long-term natural history of intermittent claudication (IC) needs further delineation. The study objective was to describe the 21-year mortality and relative risk for cause-...
journal_title:Annals of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s1047-2797(96)00148-2
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:We conducted this study to investigate birth seasonality in rural parts of Iran. METHODS:In this study, patterns of 5,536,262 live births in rural parts of Iran between 1992 and 2007 were studied. Information about birth numbers, environmental factors, and sociocultural status of participants was obtained from...
journal_title:Annals of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2016.09.009
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:In 1991, California implemented a law that mandated a background check for all firearm purchases with limited exceptions (comprehensive background check or CBC policy) and prohibited firearm purchase and possession for persons convicted within the past 10 years of certain violent crimes classified as misdemeano...
journal_title:Annals of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2018.10.001
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The histamine-2 (H(2)) blocker cimetidine may alter androgen, zinc, and prolactin levels, which could alter prostate cancer risk. Increased risk for men filling more than 20 cimetidine prescriptions was reported previously. We examined the association between cimetidine use and prostate cancer risk in a cohort ...
journal_title:Annals of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2006.03.003
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Acute cardiovascular events such as heart attack and stroke in commercial pilots have been a concern to flight safety. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of body mass index (BMI) with cardiovascular disease in commercial pilots. METHODS:We followed from 1987 to 1997 a cohort of 3019 male ...
journal_title:Annals of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2004.08.002
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A population-based, case-control study of sporadic salmonellosis was conducted in 1988 and 1989 in four northern California counties. The study included 120 patients and 265 control subjects. Conditional logistic regression analysis (adjusted for age) revealed that patients were more likely to consume undercooked chic...
journal_title:Annals of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/1047-2797(92)90013-g
更新日期:1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Life expectancy is used to measure population health, but large differences in mortality can be masked even when there is no life expectancy gap. We demonstrate how Arriaga's decomposition method can be used to assess inequality in mortality between populations with near equal life expectancy. METHODS:We calcu...
journal_title:Annals of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2014.05.006
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this study was to examine whether fasting serum insulin is a predictor of coronary heart disease in high-risk US men, and whether any such predictive role explains the enhanced cardiovascular risk seen in subjects with the apolipoprotein (Apo) E 3/2 phenotype. This was a nested case-control study of p...
journal_title:Annals of epidemiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/1047-2797(94)90041-8
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Continuous monitoring of health determinants in populations is necessary to predict future disease burdens. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalences of major risk factors for lifestyle diseases for 8 years (1993 to 2000) in representative samples of the general population. METHODS:Independent ...
journal_title:Annals of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s1047-2797(03)00055-3
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The history of lead toxicity spans 2 millennnia. With increasingly sensitive methods, deficits due to lead exposure have been demonstrated at lower and lower doses. Persuasive evidence suggests that no threshold for lead toxicity exists. ...
journal_title:Annals of epidemiology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2009.01.022
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Determinants of oxidative capacity, such as fitness and level of adiposity, are strongly associated with type 2 diabetes. Whether decreased oxidative capacity itself is a cause or consequence of insulin resistance and diabetes is unknown. METHODS:We examined the association of plasma lactate, a marker of oxida...
journal_title:Annals of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2013.09.005
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To examine prospectively the relationship between vegetable consumption and long-term survival. METHODS:In 1965, a total of 1536 Italian males from two Italian rural cohorts of the Seven Countries Study, aged 45-65 years, were examined. Information on lifestyle and food consumption collected at this visit, and...
journal_title:Annals of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s1047-2797(02)00457-x
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To provide information about lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) veterans' health status, diagnoses, and health screening behaviors compared with heterosexual veterans. METHODS:Data are from 10 states' 2010 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System surveys that contained sexual orientation data for veterans (n =...
journal_title:Annals of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2013.04.009
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00