Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Anal endosonography has become an important imaging method in the diagnosis of anorectal disorders. However, little information exists as to whether anal endosonography reliably defines pelvic floor structures. The aim of this study was to correlate endoanal sonography with cross-sectional anatomy and histology. METHODS:Endosonographic tomograms were obtained from 9 human cadavers before fixation and cross-sectioning at identical levels. Muscular layers were defined by visual inspection, histology, immunohistology, and morphometry using three-dimensional sphincter reconstructions. RESULTS:Endosonography visualized only two muscular layers, whereas anatomic sections always revealed three. Comparisons revealed identical findings with regard to internal sphincter volumes and asymmetries. However, due to its failure to identify the longitudinal muscle, endosonography largely overestimated external sphincter volumes. In contrast to current beliefs, anatomic studies failed to detect striated muscle fibers within the longitudinal muscle and did not show an intersphincteric space. However, anatomic cross sections demonstrated "anterior bands" as newly described anchoring mechanisms for the anal sphincters. CONCLUSIONS:Anal endosonography supplies accurate information with regard to internal anal sphincter dimensions, but does not reliably outline deeper muscular layers. However, despite these drawbacks, comparisons of modern imaging techniques with cross-sectional anatomy may enhance our understanding of pelvic floor anatomy.
journal_name
Gastrointest Endoscjournal_title
Gastrointestinal endoscopyauthors
Konerding MA,Dzemali O,Gaumann A,Malkusch W,Eckardt VFdoi
10.1016/s0016-5107(99)70162-8keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-12-01 00:00:00pages
804-10issue
6eissn
0016-5107issn
1097-6779pii
S0016-5107(99)70162-8journal_volume
50pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Routine endoscopic mucosal biopsies are generally considered safe. However, the outcomes of performing large numbers of biopsies in subjects enrolled in research protocols have not been reported. OBJECTIVE:Our purpose was to assess the safety of taking numerous mucosal biopsy specimens during endoscopic pro...
journal_title:Gastrointestinal endoscopy
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doi:10.1016/j.gie.2008.05.015
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Gastrointestinal endoscopy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Gastrointestinal endoscopy
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更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Gastrointestinal endoscopy
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更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Gastrointestinal endoscopy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
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更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Endoscopic retrograde intracorporeal lithotripsy with a stone recognition laser system seems to be a promising alternative in patients with difficult bile duct stones. METHOD:Sixteen patients with bile duct stones not suitable for endoscopic standard procedures underwent intracorporeal laser lithotripsy dur...
journal_title:Gastrointestinal endoscopy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0016-5107(95)70042-0
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Gastrointestinal endoscopy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Gastrointestinal endoscopy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Gastrointestinal endoscopy
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Gastrointestinal endoscopy
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
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更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Gastrointestinal endoscopy
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Gastrointestinal endoscopy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0016-5107(99)70222-1
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Twenty patients with dysphagia due to inoperable esophageal cancer were randomized to receive either contact or noncontact endoscopic laser treatment. Treatment groups were similar with respect to age, dysphagia score, and tumor dimensions. The median number of initial treatment sessions was two in both groups, and th...
journal_title:Gastrointestinal endoscopy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/s0016-5107(89)72842-x
更新日期:1989-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Gastrointestinal endoscopy
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
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更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Gastrointestinal endoscopy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.gie.2007.10.047
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Gastrointestinal endoscopy
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journal_title:Gastrointestinal endoscopy
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Gastrointestinal endoscopy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.gie.2007.12.052
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Gastrointestinal endoscopy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0016-5107(84)72394-7
更新日期:1984-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Gastrointestinal endoscopy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0016-5107(89)72679-1
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is a significant interest in combination therapy using endoscopic epinephrine injection and thermal coagulation for nonvariceal hemostasis. The purpose of the study was to compare the relative effectiveness, ease of use, and safety of new Injection Gold Probes to other hemostasis techniques in three ra...
journal_title:Gastrointestinal endoscopy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0016-5107(98)70042-2
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Gastrointestinal endoscopy
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1016/j.gie.2008.05.029
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Gastrointestinal endoscopy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0016-5107(05)01566-x
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Gastrointestinal endoscopy
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1016/j.gie.2012.12.011
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Gastrointestinal endoscopy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1067/mge.2001.118256
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Gastrointestinal endoscopy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.gie.2009.12.050
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00