Abstract:
:The term myocardial contractility is thought to have originated more than 125 years ago and has remained and enigma ever since. Although the term is frequently used in textbooks, editorials and contemporary manuscripts its definition remains illusive often being conflated with cardiac performance or inotropy. The absence of a universally accepted definition has led to confusion, disagreement and misconceptions among physiologists, cardiologists and safety pharmacologists regarding its definition particularly in light of new discoveries regarding the load dependent kinetics of cardiac contraction and their translation to cardiac force-velocity and ventricular pressure-volume measurements. Importantly, the Starling interpretation of force development is length-dependent while contractility is length independent. Most historical definitions employ an operational approach and define cardiac contractility in terms of the hearts mechanical properties independent of loading conditions. Literally defined the term contract infers that something has become smaller, shrunk or shortened. The addition of the suffix "ility" implies the quality of this process. The discovery and clinical investigation of small molecules that bind to sarcomeric proteins independently altering force or velocity requires that a modern definition of the term myocardial contractility be developed if the term is to persist. This review reconsiders the historical and contemporary interpretations of the terms cardiac performance and inotropy and recommends a modern definition of myocardial contractility as the preload, afterload and length-independent intrinsic kinetically controlled, chemo-mechanical processes responsible for the development of force and velocity.
journal_name
Front Physioljournal_title
Frontiers in physiologyauthors
Muir WW,Hamlin RLdoi
10.3389/fphys.2020.00222subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-03-31 00:00:00pages
222issn
1664-042Xjournal_volume
11pub_type
杂志文章abstract:Background:Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is released from skeletal muscle during exercise and systemic IL-6 levels therefore increase acutely in response to a single bout of exercise. We recently showed that an acute increase in IL-6 delayed gastric emptying rate and improved postprandial glycemia. Here we investigate whether r...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.01249
更新日期:2019-10-04 00:00:00
abstract::The integrated pest management (IPM) strategy was developed and used in combination with pesticides and beneficial biological control agents. To further develop IPM efficiency, it is important to evaluate the side effects of pesticides on biological control agents. Aphidius gifuensis is one of the most important aphid...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.01729
更新日期:2018-12-11 00:00:00
abstract::Intermittent hypoxia (IH), characterized as cyclic episodes of short-period hypoxia followed by normoxia, occurs in many physiological and pathophysiological conditions such as pregnancy, athlete, obstructive sleep apnea, and asthma. Hypoxia can induce autophagy, which is activated in response to protein aggregates, i...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.00995
更新日期:2019-08-07 00:00:00
abstract::The hypothesis of the present study is that apoptosis through an intrinsic mitochondrial pathway may mediate high fat diet (HFD)-induced changes in the metabolism of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. To this end, we cloned the full-length cDNA sequences of Cycs, Apaf1, Casp9, Casp3a, and Casp3b involved in the mitochondria apo...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.00921
更新日期:2019-08-02 00:00:00
abstract::The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) contribution to long-term setting of blood pressure (BP) and hence hypertension has been a continuing controversy over many decades. However, the contribution of increased sympathetic vasomotor tone to the heart, kidney, and blood vessels has been suggested as a major influence on ...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.01477
更新日期:2019-12-12 00:00:00
abstract::The use of aquatic invertebrates in biomedical research and as environmental sentinels has dramatically grown in recent decades, with an increased need in understanding of comparative pathology. The Unionids freshwater mussels are a group of worldwide distributed bivalves residing small ditches and ponds, lakes, canal...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fphys.2016.00489
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:Rationale:Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a rare but fatal disease characterized by elevated pulmonary pressures and vascular remodeling, leading to right ventricular failure and death. Recently, neuroinflammation has been suggested to be involved in the sympathetic activation in experimental PH. Whether PH is associate...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.01186
更新日期:2019-09-20 00:00:00
abstract::Background: Acute mountain sickness (AMS) is a common disabling condition in individuals experiencing high altitudes, which may progress to life-threatening high altitude cerebral edema. Today, no established biomarkers are available for prediction the susceptibility of AMS. MicroRNAs emerge as promising sensitive and...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2017.00055
更新日期:2017-02-08 00:00:00
abstract::Most sense organs of arthropods are ensconced in small exoskeletal compartments that hinder direct access to plasma membranes. We have developed a method for exposing live sensory and supporting cells in such structures. The technique uses a viscous light cured resin to embed and support the structure, which is then s...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2016.00398
更新日期:2016-09-12 00:00:00
abstract::Comparison of genomic sequences from diverse vertebrate species has revealed numerous highly conserved regions that do not appear to encode proteins or functional RNAs. Often these "conserved non-coding elements," or CNEs, can direct gene expression to specific tissues in transgenic models, demonstrating they have reg...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2014.00007
更新日期:2014-01-21 00:00:00
abstract:Objective:Develop an automated approach to detect flash (<1.0 s) or prolonged (>2.0 s) capillary refill time (CRT) that correlates with clinician judgment by applying several supervised machine learning (ML) techniques to pulse oximeter plethysmography data. Materials and Methods:Data was collected in the Pediatric In...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.564589
更新日期:2020-10-06 00:00:00
abstract::The mouse is one of the most important model organisms for understanding human genetic function and disease. This includes characterization of the factors that influence energy expenditure and dysregulation of energy balance leading to obesity and its sequelae. Measuring energy metabolism in the mouse presents a chall...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2013.00034
更新日期:2013-03-14 00:00:00
abstract::Invasive coronary revascularization has been shown to improve prognoses in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE-ACS), but the optimal timing of intervention remains unclear. This meta-analysis is to evaluate the outcomes in immediate (<2 h), early (<24 h), and delayed invasive group an...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fphys.2017.00952
更新日期:2017-11-27 00:00:00
abstract::Muscle quality and the physiological condition of fish are affected greatly by the culture environment. In aquaculture ponds, a bio-floating bed planted with vegetation is often used to improve water quality. This study investigated the growth and muscle quality of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) cultured in pon...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.00683
更新日期:2019-05-31 00:00:00
abstract::Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) encompasses hepatic steatosis, which may progress to alcoholic hepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. It remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the US and worldwide. The severity of liver disease correlates with plasma levels of bacterial products in patients, and experimental...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2012.00402
更新日期:2012-10-11 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Several mechanisms allow humans to resist the extreme conditions encountered during breath-hold diving. Available nitric oxide (NO) is one of the major contributors to such complex adaptations at depth and oxidative stress is one of the major collateral effects of diving. Due to technical difficulties, these...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.609642
更新日期:2021-01-07 00:00:00
abstract::Arboviruses are emerging/reemerging infectious agents worldwide. The factors within this scenario include vector and host population fluctuations, climatic changes, anthropogenic activities that disturb ecosystems, an increase in international flights, human mobility, and genetic mutations that allow spill-over phenom...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2012.00493
更新日期:2013-01-11 00:00:00
abstract::The ultrarapid delayed rectifier K+ current (IKur), mediated by Kv1.5 channels, constitutes a key component of the atrial action potential. Functional mutations in the underlying KCNA5 gene have been shown to cause hereditary forms of atrial fibrillation (AF). Here, we combine targeted genetic engineering with cardiac...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2017.00469
更新日期:2017-07-06 00:00:00
abstract::The microbial community of the gut conveys significant benefits to host physiology. A clear relationship has now been established between gut bacteria and host metabolism in which microbial-mediated gut hormone release plays an important role. Within the gut lumen, bacteria produce a number of metabolites and contain ...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.00428
更新日期:2019-04-16 00:00:00
abstract::Skeletal muscles are large cells with multiple nuclei that are precisely positioned. The importance of the correct nuclear position is highlighted by the correlation between mispositioned nuclei and muscle disease (Spiro et al., 1966; Gueneau et al., 2009). Myonuclei are generally considered to be equivalent and there...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.01531
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::One-third of the world's population has been infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), a primary pathogen of the mammalian respiratory system, while about 10% of latent infections progress to active tuberculosis (TB), indicating that host and environmental factors may determine the outcomes such as i...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2017.00822
更新日期:2017-11-17 00:00:00
abstract::Over the past decade, the excited delirium syndrome (ExDS) has raised continued controversy regarding the cause and manner of death of some highly agitated persons held in police custody, restrained or incapacitated by electrical devices. At autopsy, medical examiners have difficulty in identifying an anatomic cause o...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fphys.2016.00435
更新日期:2016-10-13 00:00:00
abstract::Botrytis-induced kinase1 (BIK1), a receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase, plays an important role in resistance against pathogens and insects in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, it remains unknown whether BIK1 functions against Plasmodiophora brassicae, an obligate biotrophic protist that attacks cruciferous plants and induc...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2016.00402
更新日期:2016-09-13 00:00:00
abstract::Distal arthrogryposis (DA) is a skeletal muscle disorder which can be classified under a broader term as Arthrogryposis multiplex contractures. DA is characterized by the presence of joint contractures at various parts of the body, particularly in distal extremities. It is identified as an autosomal dominant and a rar...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.00689
更新日期:2020-06-25 00:00:00
abstract::The spawning migration of the European eel is an extensive journey over 5000 to 7000 km from the European coast to the Sargasso Sea. Eels do not feed during this journey and on-board fuels must be sufficient to support the journey of 3.5 to 6 month, as well as sexual maturation and the spawning activity. Swimming of e...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fphys.2014.00486
更新日期:2015-01-05 00:00:00
abstract::Objective: Fatigue is a core feature of functional somatic syndromes (FSS). Fatigue is also prominent in patients with thyroid diseases, which is unsurprising given the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis in regulating physiological energy demands. Research in healthy women has shown that early life ...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.00564
更新日期:2018-05-23 00:00:00
abstract::The impact of peritoneal dialysis (PD) associated peritonitis on peritoneal membrane integrity is incompletely understood. Children are particularly suited to address this question, since they are largely devoid of preexisting tissue damage and life-style related alterations. Within the International Peritoneal Bioban...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.00356
更新日期:2019-04-02 00:00:00
abstract::Glucose metabolism is a biologically important metabolic process. Glycogen synthase kinase (GSK-3) is a key enzyme located in the middle of the sugar metabolism pathway that can regulate the energy metabolism process in the body through insulin signaling. This paper mainly explores the regulatory effect of glycogen sy...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.518876
更新日期:2020-11-25 00:00:00
abstract::Leucine-rich repeat containing protein 10 (LRRC10) is a cardiomyocyte-specific member of the Leucine-rich repeat containing (LRRC) protein superfamily with critical roles in cardiac function and disease pathogenesis. Recent studies have identified LRRC10 mutations in human idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and L...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fphys.2016.00337
更新日期:2016-08-03 00:00:00
abstract::Fatigue is one of the most debilitating symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS), and the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. When exposed to a physical or cognitive challenge, individuals with MS tend to exhibit greater declines in task performance (performance fatigability) and increased levels of self-reported ...
journal_title:Frontiers in physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.01404
更新日期:2018-10-17 00:00:00