Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Massangam health district (HD), in the West Region of Cameroon, has received ivermectin mass drug administration (MDA) for 20 years, however there is evidence of continued high transmission of Onchocerca volvulus. In order to better understand the transmission dynamics in the HD and inform intervention strategies there is a need to delineate the boundaries of the suspected area of high transmission within the wider transmission zone. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:Parasitological and entomological surveys were conducted to map out the breeding sites of Simulium damnosum and evaluate the prevalence of onchocerciasis in neighbouring communities, including Makouopsap sentinel community. Potential rapids were prospected for identification of S. damnosum larvae and black flies collected to determine infectivity rates. Adults were assessed for the presence of O. volvulus microfilariae through a skin snip biopsy and examined for the presence of nodules. Anti Ov-16 antibodies were tested for in children. Four perennial breeding sites were identified on the Rivers Mbam and Nja. Large number of flies were collected along the River Mbam, especially in the rainy season, with up to 955 flies per day, suggesting this river is a perennial source of black flies. A total of 0.8% of parous flies were infective across the study area. Parasitological studies provided evidence of high rates of infection in the sentinel community and three neighbouring communities, with 37.1% of adults microfilariae positive in Makouopsap. High Ov-16 seropositivity in children also provided evidence of recent on-going transmission. In comparison, communities sampled further away from the sentinel community and neighbouring breeding sites were much closer to reaching onchocerciasis elimination targets. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE:This study provides evidence of a particular geographic area of high transmission in an approximate 12 km range around the sentinel community of Makouopsap and the neighbouring breeding sites on the River Nja. To eliminate onchocerciasis by 2025, there is a need to explore alternative intervention strategies in this area of high transmission.
journal_name
PLoS Negl Trop Disjournal_title
PLoS neglected tropical diseasesauthors
Bakajika D,Senyonjo L,Enyong P,Oye J,Biholong B,Elhassan E,Boakye D,Dixon R,Schmidt Edoi
10.1371/journal.pntd.0006904subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-11-14 00:00:00pages
e0006904issue
11eissn
1935-2727issn
1935-2735pii
PNTD-D-18-00564journal_volume
12pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes the majority of tuberculosis (TB) cases in humans; however, in developing countries, human TB caused by M. bovis may be frequent but undetected. Human TB caused by M. bovis is considered a zoonosis; transmission is mainly through consumption of unpasteurized dairy products, ...
journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0004124
更新日期:2015-09-30 00:00:00
abstract::To control and prevent rabies in Latin America, mass dog vaccination campaigns (MDVC) are implemented mainly through fixed-location vaccination points: owners have to bring their dogs to the vaccination points where they receive the vaccination free of charge. Dog rabies is still endemic in some Latin-American countri...
journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0007600
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:During severe (pneumo)sepsis inflammatory and coagulation pathways become activated as part of the host immune response. Thrombomodulin (TM) is involved in a range of host defense mechanisms during infection and plays a pivotal role in activation of protein C (PC) into active protein C (APC). APC has both an...
journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002819
更新日期:2014-04-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:After many years of neglect, schistosomiasis control is going to scale. The strategy of choice is preventive chemotherapy, that is the repeated large-scale administration of praziquantel (a safe and highly efficacious drug) to at-risk populations. The frequency of praziquantel administration is based on ende...
journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0001773
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Trachoma, caused by Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct), is the leading infectious cause of blindness. Sequence-based analysis of the multiple strains typically present in endemic communities may be informative for epidemiology, transmission, response to treatment, and understanding the host response. METHODS:Conjun...
journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000306
更新日期:2008-09-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Leprosy is a Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) known to cause stigma and discrimination in low-and middle-income countries. It often results in visible impairments, thus pre-disposing to poor mental health. Aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of depression and anxiety among people affected by Le...
journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0009030
更新日期:2021-01-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Scavenger Receptors (SRs) from the host's innate immune system are known to bind multiple ligands to promote the removal of non-self or altered-self targets. CD5 and CD6 are two highly homologous class I SRs mainly expressed on all T cells and the B1a cell subset, and involved in the fine tuning of activatio...
journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0006891
更新日期:2018-11-30 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Mapping of lymphatic filariasis (LF) caused by Wuchereria bancrofti largely relies on the detection of circulating antigen using ICT cards. Several studies have recently shown that this test can be cross-reactive with sera of subjects heavily infected with Loa loa and thus mapping results in loiasis endemic ...
journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0007192
更新日期:2019-03-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between prior Anisakis infections and upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB), and its interaction with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) intake. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:We conducted a hospital-based case-control study covering 215 UGIB ...
journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0001214
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Chagas disease is one of the most important neglected tropical diseases in the Americas. Vectorborne transmission of Chagas disease has been historically rare in urban settings. However, in marginal communities near the city of Arequipa, Peru, urban transmission cycles have become established. We examined th...
journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000567
更新日期:2009-12-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Dengue is the most important mosquito-borne viral disease affecting humans. The only prevention measure currently available is the control of its vectors, primarily Aedes aegypti. Recent advances in genetic engineering have opened the possibility for a new range of control strategies based on genetically mod...
journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000508
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Dengue diagnosis is complex and until recently only specialized laboratories were able to definitively confirm dengue infection. Rapid tests are now available commercially making biological diagnosis possible in the field. The aim of this study was to evaluate a combined dengue rapid test for the detection o...
journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0001993
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Leprosy is a persistent infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae that still affects over 200,000 new patients annually. The host genetic background is an important risk factor for leprosy susceptibility and the PARK2 gene is a replicated leprosy susceptibility candidate gene. The protein product of PARK2, Par...
journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002015
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini is classified as a class I carcinogen due to the association between cholangiocarcinoma and chronic O. viverrini infection. During its feeding activity within the bile duct, the parasite secretes several cathepsin F cysteine proteases that may induce or contribute to th...
journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000398
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vector control is still our primary intervention for both prevention and mitigation of epidemics of many vector-borne diseases. Efficiently targeting control measures is important since control can involve substantial economic costs. Targeting is not always straightforward, as transmission of vector-borne diseases is ...
journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0007479
更新日期:2019-07-03 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) is an emerging disease in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Its geographical expansion and the increase in the number of human cases has been linked to dispersion of Lutzomyia longipalpis into urban areas. To produce more accurate risk maps we investigated the geographic d...
journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003620
更新日期:2015-03-17 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Ofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone (FQ) used for the treatment of leprosy. FQs are known to interact with both A and B subunits of DNA gyrase and inhibit supercoiling activity of this enzyme. Mutations conferring FQ resistance have been reported to be found only in the gene encoding A subunit of this enzyme (gyr...
journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0001838
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::During Schistosoma infection, lack of B cells results in more severe granulomas, inflammation, and fibrosis in the liver, but the mechanisms underlying this pathology remain unclear. This study was to clarify the mechanisms underpinning the immunomodulation of B cells in mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum (S. ja...
journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0007474
更新日期:2019-06-13 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Schistosomiasis remains a significant health burden in many areas of the world. Morbidity control, focused on limiting infection intensity through periodic delivery of anti-schistosomal medicines, is the thrust of current World Health Organization guidelines (2006) for reduction of Schistosoma-related diseas...
journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0001903
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Nifurtimox eflornithine combination therapy (NECT) to treat human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), commonly called sleeping sickness, was added to the World Health Organisation's (WHO) Essential Medicines List in 2009 and to the Paediatric List in 2012. NECT was further tested and documented in a phase IIIb cl...
journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0008028
更新日期:2020-01-27 00:00:00
abstract::Novel strategies are required to control mosquitoes and the pathogens they transmit. One attractive approach involves maternally inherited endosymbiotic Wolbachia bacteria. After artificial infection with Wolbachia, many mosquitoes become refractory to infection and transmission of diverse pathogens. We evaluated the ...
journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002965
更新日期:2014-07-10 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Toxoplasmic encephalitis in patients with AIDS is a life-threatening disease mostly due to reactivation of Toxoplasma gondii cysts in the brain. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of real-time PCR assay in peripheral blood samples for the diagnosis of toxoplasmic encephalitis in...
journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0004790
更新日期:2016-06-29 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Aedes control interventions are considered the cornerstone of dengue control programmes, but there is scarce evidence on their effect on disease. We set-up a cluster randomized controlled trial in Santiago de Cuba to evaluate the entomological and epidemiological effectiveness of periodical intra- and peri-d...
journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0006031
更新日期:2017-11-08 00:00:00
abstract::Diarrheal diseases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In many cases, antibiotic therapy is either ineffective or not recommended due to concerns about emergence of resistance. The pathogenesis of several of the most prevalent infections, including cholera and enteroxigenic Escherichia coli, is dom...
journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0006266
更新日期:2018-02-22 00:00:00
abstract::Sand flies are the insects responsible for transmitting Leishmania parasites, the causative agents of leishmaniasis in humans. However, the effects of sand fly breeding sites on their biology and ecology remain poorly understood. Herein, we studied how larval nutrition associated with putative breeding sites of the sa...
journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0009034
更新日期:2021-01-21 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Access to health care is a major requirement in improving health and fostering socioeconomic development. In the People's Republic of China (P.R. China), considerable changes have occurred in the social, economic, and health systems with a shift from a centrally planned to a socialist market economy. This br...
journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002350
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The evolutionary history and age of Plasmodium vivax has been inferred as both recent and ancient by several studies, mainly using mitochondrial genome diversity. Here we address the age of P. vivax on the Indian subcontinent using selectively neutral housekeeping genes and tandem repeat loci. Analysis of ten housekee...
journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002425
更新日期:2013-09-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Mass drug administration (MDA) using praziquantel is the WHO-recommended approach for control of schistosomiasis. However, few studies have compared the impact of different schedules of MDA on the resultant infection levels. We wished to evaluate whether annual MDA was more effective than less frequent treat...
journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0006033
更新日期:2017-10-23 00:00:00
abstract::Rift Valley fever (RVF) is endemic in most parts of Africa and has also been reported to occur in the Arabian Peninsula. It is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in livestock, but also in humans. During the last two decades several outbreaks of RVF have been reported in countries in Sout...
journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002065
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Diagnosis of urogenital schistosomiasis in chronically infected adults is challenging but important, especially because long term infection of the bladder and urinary tract can have dire consequences. We evaluated three tests for viable infection: detection of parasite specific DNA Dra1 fragments, haematuria...
journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0001464
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00