Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Acne is the most common skin disease in adolescence, with a prevalence of nearly 100%. About 60% of affected adolescents have mild acne for which they use non-prescription preparations without consulting a physician. The remaining 40% constitute the population of acne patients seen in medical practice. The course of acne can be either acute or chronic; its manifestations can appear in waves, sometimes with dramatically severe inflammation leading rapidly to scarring. Acne often has adverse emotional consequences. Its treatment is markedly better than in the past because of new pharmacological and physicochemical approaches and because evidence-based guidelines are now available. METHOD:This article is based on a selective review of the literature and also incorporates the authors' own clinical and scientific experience. RESULTS:Acne vulgaris of grade I or II in an adolescent is generally not hard to treat. In contrast, the more severe grades III and IV and conglobate acne often present a therapeutic challenge, as they are associated with varying constellations of acute lesions, scarring, inflammation, and emotional disturbances. These conditions often require systemic treatment with tetracyclines, which are especially useful because of their para-antibiotic antiinflammatory effect. Severe cases must be treated with isotretinoin. Women can benefit from anti-androgenic contraceptive drugs. Retinoids or azelaic acid are used in maintenance therapy to suppress the formation of microcomedones, the precursor stage of acne lesions. CONCLUSION:A variety of effective treatments for acne are available, depending on the severity of the condition.
journal_name
Dtsch Arztebl Intjournal_title
Deutsches Arzteblatt internationalauthors
Gollnick HP,Zouboulis CCdoi
10.3238/arztebl.2014.0301subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-04-25 00:00:00pages
301-12issue
17issn
1866-0452pii
arztebl.2014.0301journal_volume
111pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:BACKGROUND:When gunshot and blast injuries affect only a single person, first aid can always be delivered in conformity with the relevant guidelines. In contrast, when there is a dynamic casualty situation affecting many persons, such as after a terrorist attack, treatment may need to be focused on immediately life-thr...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2017.0237
更新日期:2017-04-07 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Numerous studies from around the world have shown a positive association between case numbers and the quality of medical care. The evidence to date suggests that conformity to guidelines for the treatment of patients with breast cancer is better in German hospitals that have higher case numbers. METHODS:We ...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2015.0585
更新日期:2015-08-31 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recent years have seen a further decline in the nationwide case fatality rate after major trauma in Germany, but it has not been clear until now whether all centers providing trauma care achieve comparable results. We have attempted to answer this question using data from the trauma registry of the German So...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2010.0463
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is 4 to 7 times higher in cancer patients than in the normal population. Moreover, cancer patients who take anticoagulants suffer more frequently from hemorrhagic complications and VTE recurrences. Patients often find low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) treatment unpl...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2019.0031
更新日期:2019-01-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Prostatic cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer in men in Germany. The goal of this review is to define the indication for hormonal treatment in patients over age 70. METHODS:A selective search of the literature up to 2008 for the terms "prostate cancer", "androgen suppression and deprivation", "hormone th...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2009.0242
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:An estimated 200 to 500 patients develop life-threatening acute liver failure (ALF) in Germany each year. Only sparse data are currently available on the epidemiology and causes of this condition and on potential treatments for it. This article summarizes our current knowledge of the causes, clinical course,...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2011.0714
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The German Federal Law on Radiation Control contains no special provisions for X-ray studies in children and adolescents, even though exposure to ionizing radiation must be kept especially low in young persons, because their tissues are highly radiosensitive. Children, who have many years left to live, are m...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2011.0407
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Adverse drug events (ADE) are a common cause of hospital admission as well as a common complication of inpatient care. The current reporting systems in Germany are of only limited use for the identification of ADE. The aim of this study is to examine the potential usefulness of ICD-10 coded diagnoses in rout...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2010.0023
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a congenital disorder of lipid metabolism characterized by a marked elevation of the plasma concentration of LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol beginning in childhood and by the early onset of coronary heart disease. It is among the commonest genetic disorders, wi...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2014.0523
更新日期:2014-08-04 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Screening colonoscopy can lower the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC), yet participation rates are low even in groups at high risk. The goal of this study was to double the rate of participation in screening colonoscopy among persons at familial risk and then to determine the frequency of neoplasia in thi...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2018.0715
更新日期:2018-10-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD), arterial stenosis or occlusion impairs perfusion in the territory of the distal portion of the aorta and the iliac and leg arteries. In Germany, the prevalence of PAOD rises with age, reaching 20% among persons over age 70. METHODS:This guideline was prepared...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,实务指引
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2016.0729
更新日期:2016-10-28 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:High-altitude travel, for mountain climbing, trekking, or sightseeing, has become very popular. Therefore, the awareness of its dangers has increased, and many prospective travelers seek medical advice before setting forth on their trip. METHODS:We selectively searched the literature for relevant original a...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2011.0839
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The German Standing Committee on Vaccination Recommendations (Ständige Impfkommission, STIKO) recommends standard vaccination against pneumococcal infections for all persons aged 60 or older, and for all persons of any age with an increased health risk. It is not known how many persons in the target group in...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2013.0743
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:About 17% of all children suffer from a mental disorder in early childhood, defined as the period up to the age of 6 years. METHODS:This review is based on publications retrieved by a selective search in PubMed and the Web of Science, as well as on the authors' clinical and scientific experience. RESULTS:I...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2015.0375
更新日期:2015-05-25 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Intermittent paradoxical closure of the vocal cords can induce major attacks of dyspnea. Such attacks, called "vocal cord dysfunction" (VCD), are an important element in the differential diagnosis of intractable bronchial asthma. METHODS:Selective review of the literature. RESULTS:The etiology of VCD is ...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2008.0699
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Urinary tract infections (UTI) are among the leading reasons for treatment in adult primary care medicine, accounting for a considerable percentage of antibiotic prescriptions. Because this problem is so common and so significant in routine clinical practice, a high level of diagnostic accuracy is essential....
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2010.0361
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The diagnosis of soft-tissue sarcomas of the limbs is often delayed, sometimes markedly so, even though prompt and appropriate treatment improves survival and lowers the amputation rate. METHODS:On the basis of a selective literature review and consideration of the relevant guidelines, we developed an algor...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2011.0032
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The conservative treatment of traumatic thoracolumbar vertebral fractures is often not clearly defined. METHODS:This review is based on articles retrieved by a systematic search in the PubMed and Web of Science databases for publications up to February 2018 dealing with the conservative treatment of traumat...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2018.0697
更新日期:2018-10-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Most women of child-bearing age want a safe method of contraception. Numerous methods are available, with different modes of application. In situations involving particular risks, the selection of the right method poses a special challenge. METHODS:Contraceptive methods for use in various situations with in...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2019.0764
更新日期:2019-11-08 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Autopsy studies of persons who died of cancer have shown the lungs to be the sole site of metastasis in about 20% of cases. The resection of pulmonary metastases is indicated for palliative purposes if they contain a large volume of necrotic tumor, infiltrate the thoracic wall to produce pain, or cause hem...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2012.0645
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Infections with multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria are hard to treat and cause high morbidity and mortality. The direct transmission of such pathogens is well documented, and measures to protect other patients would seem indicated. Nonetheless, evidence-based recommendations are not yet available bec...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2012.0039
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The many varieties of cystic pancreatic tumor, and especially intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasia (IPMN), have attracted increased attention recently. Their incidence may be rising, and their histopathological evaluation and classification have become more precise than before. METHODS:We discuss the cu...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2011.0788
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. There are at least 150 000 persons with MS in Germany. Recent years have seen the approval of new drugs against. METHODS:This article is based on pertinent literature retrieved by a selective search in PubMed as wel...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2016.0879
更新日期:2016-12-26 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Data on the prevalence and regional distribution of the metabolic syndrome in Germany are lacking, in particular for primary care. METHODS:In October 2005 anthropometric measurements were taken from 35 869 consecutive patients aged 18 to 99 years, in 1511 primary care practices. Waist circumference, blood...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3238/artzebl.2008.0207
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are chronic inflammatory diseases resulting from an inappropriate immune response, in genetically susceptible individuals, to microbial antigens of commensal microorganisms. This inappropriate response is promoted by certain environmental factors. Both diseases manife...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2009.0123
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:One-third of all patients with epilepsy have persistent seizures despite medical treatment. If the origin of the seizures can be localized to a particular site in the brain, epilepsy surgery is a treatment option that addresses the cause of the problem. METHOD:The presurgical assessment and surgical treatme...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2014.0313
更新日期:2014-05-02 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:A confusing variety of options are available for the treatment of depressive disorders. METHOD:Selective literature review under consideration of current guidelines. RESULTS:The treatment of depression can be divided into acute, maintenance and prophylactic phases. The basic forms of treatment are pharma...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2008.0782
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a degenerative vasculopathy that is classically associated with lobar intracerebral or sulcal hemorrhage. Its prevalence is estimated at 30% in the seventh decade and 50% in the eighth and ninth decades. In this review, we summarize the risks linked to CAA with respect to...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2017.0037
更新日期:2017-01-20 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Pulsatile tinnitus, unlike idiopathic tinnitus, usually has a specific, identifiable cause. Nonetheless, uncertainty often arises in clinical practice about the findings to be sought and the strategy for work-up. METHODS:Selective literature review and evaluation of our own series of patients. RESULTS:Puls...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2013.0451
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Proper infant nutrition promotes healthy growth and development and lowers the risk of disease in later life. METHODS:This review is based on pertinent articles retrieved by a selective search, including guidelines, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews. RESULTS:Infants should be exclusively breast-fed unt...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2016.0435
更新日期:2016-06-24 00:00:00