Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Prostatic cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer in men in Germany. The goal of this review is to define the indication for hormonal treatment in patients over age 70. METHODS:A selective search of the literature up to 2008 for the terms "prostate cancer", "androgen suppression and deprivation", "hormone therapy", "LHRH analogs", "antiandrogens", "active surveillance", and "watchful waiting" was performed in the Medline and Cochrane databases. The guidelines of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO, 2007) and the European Society of Urology (EAU, 2008) were also taken into account. RESULTS:Hormonal therapy is not indicated for patients with organ-confined, well-differentiated or moderately differentiated tumors who are otherwise in good health. It is beneficial in the treatment of locally advanced cancer with an unfavorable Gleason score. For patients with organ-confined cancers who are in poor general condition, hormonal therapy is deferred until symptoms arise. The guidelines recommend hormonal therapy in case of PSA elevations greater than 1.5 ng/mL after attempted curative treatment. Symptomatic metastases require immediate hormonal therapy. Intermittent androgen deprivation is an attractive alternative. CONCLUSIONS:In patients over age 70, an attempt at curative treatment is only reasonable if the life expectancy exceeds 10 years. Hormonal therapy is the treatment of choice for patients with undifferentiated, locally advanced prostate cancer, recurrences as defined by PSA elevation, and symptomatic metastases.
journal_name
Dtsch Arztebl Intjournal_title
Deutsches Arzteblatt internationalauthors
Pfitzenmaier J,Altwein JEdoi
10.3238/arztebl.2009.0242subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-04-01 00:00:00pages
242-7issue
14issn
1866-0452journal_volume
106pub_type
杂志文章,meta分析,评审abstract:BACKGROUND:Basically two types of sweating exist: thermoregulatory and emotional sweating. They are controlled by different centers: thermo regulatory sweating is regulated predominantly by the hypothalamus, emotional sweating predominantly by the limbic system. Enhanced sweating, called hyperhidrosis, can be generaliz...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2009.0032
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cirrhosis of the liver is the end stage of chronic liver disease. Among the many liver disorders that can lead to cirrhosis, some progress rapidly (years) and others more slowly (decades). In Germany, cirrhosis is often a consequence of fatty liver disease due to alcoholism or other causes, but can also be c...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2013.0085
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Habitually shortened nighttime sleep is a common phenomenon in childhood and adolescence, sometimes associated with chronic sleep reduction (CSR). CSR is associated with impairments of performance ability and emotional well-being. The extent to which children and adolescents in Germany suffer from CSR is unc...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2020.0661
更新日期:2020-10-02 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Otitis externa has a lifetime prevalence of 10% and can arise in acute, chronic, and necrotizing forms. METHODS:This review is based on publications retrieved by a selective search of the pertinent literature. RESULTS:The treatment of acute otitis media consists of anal- gesia, cleansing of the external au...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2019.0224
更新日期:2019-03-29 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a degenerative vasculopathy that is classically associated with lobar intracerebral or sulcal hemorrhage. Its prevalence is estimated at 30% in the seventh decade and 50% in the eighth and ninth decades. In this review, we summarize the risks linked to CAA with respect to...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2017.0037
更新日期:2017-01-20 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The incidence of sudden cardiac death in persons under age 40 is roughly 3 per 100 000 persons per year in Germany and North America. Many of these deaths are found to be due to hereditary heart diseases, often a primary structural heart disease associated with arrhythmia or else a primary arrhythmia syndrom...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2011.0623
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The German Federal Law on Radiation Control contains no special provisions for X-ray studies in children and adolescents, even though exposure to ionizing radiation must be kept especially low in young persons, because their tissues are highly radiosensitive. Children, who have many years left to live, are m...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2011.0407
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In endocrine orbitopathy (EO), disfiguring proptosis and diplopia impair patients' quality of life both at home and at work. METHODS:From late 2006 to the beginning of 2008, 250 outpatients in an interdisciplinary thyroid and eye clinic filled out a questionnaire about their quality of life, occupational di...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2009.0283
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. The German S3 guideline of 2012 has now been updated to take account of advances in the early detection, diagnostic evaluation, treatment, and follow-up care of this disease. METHODS:The updating process was based on the adaptation of identified source guide...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2018.0316
更新日期:2018-05-04 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The treatment options for bcr-abl positive chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) include chemotherapy, immune therapy, allogeneic stem cell transplantation, and molecular therapy. The tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib was approved for the treatment of CML in 2002. Data from clinical trials allow a comparison o...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2010.0114
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Some hematological malignancies arise in persons with a hereditary predisposition. The hereditary nature of these diseases often goes unrecognized, particularly when symptoms begin in adulthood. METHODS:This review is based on pertinent publications retrieved by a selective search in PubMed. RESULTS:Many r...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2018.0848
更新日期:2018-12-14 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Lung transplantation is the final treatment option in the end stage of certain lung diseases, once all possible conservative treatments have been exhausted. Depending on the indication for which lung transplantation is performed, it can improve the patient's quality of life (e.g., in emphysema) and/ or prolo...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2014.0107
更新日期:2014-02-14 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an important target in the treatment of metastatic colorectal carcinoma (mCRC). The combination of anti-EGFR antibodies with chemotherapy has led to a higher response rate of certain kinds of tumor as well as a significant prolongation of the progression-free in...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2009.0202
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Screening colonoscopy can lower the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC), yet participation rates are low even in groups at high risk. The goal of this study was to double the rate of participation in screening colonoscopy among persons at familial risk and then to determine the frequency of neoplasia in thi...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2018.0715
更新日期:2018-10-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Despite sparse documentation of their long-term therapeutic effects and side effects, antipsychotic drugs have come to be prescribed more frequently for children and adolescents in recent years, both in the USA and in Europe. No current data are available about antipsychotic prescriptions for this age group ...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2014.0025
更新日期:2014-01-17 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common retinal disease in older people. In Europe, about 1.6% of persons over age 65 and more than 13% of persons over age 85 have late-stage AMD, which can severely impair vision. The development of AMD is influenced both by environmental factors and by a strong h...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2014.0133
更新日期:2014-02-21 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Clostridium difficile infections are becoming more common, more severe, and more likely to recur. Conventional treatment with antibiotics often fails to eradicate the infection; even when it succeeds, recurrent infection is common. Complementary treatment with probiotic agents to reconstitute the physiologic...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2013.0108
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The diagnosis of soft-tissue sarcomas of the limbs is often delayed, sometimes markedly so, even though prompt and appropriate treatment improves survival and lowers the amputation rate. METHODS:On the basis of a selective literature review and consideration of the relevant guidelines, we developed an algor...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2011.0032
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Atraumatic necrosis of the femoral head is a common cause of hip arthrosis in middle age. In Germany, it affects 5000-7000 patients per year, corresponding to an incidence of 0.01%. Though rarer than primary hip arthrosis, it is still of major clinical and socio-economic significance. Patients with this prob...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2016.0031
更新日期:2016-01-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Proper infant nutrition promotes healthy growth and development and lowers the risk of disease in later life. METHODS:This review is based on pertinent articles retrieved by a selective search, including guidelines, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews. RESULTS:Infants should be exclusively breast-fed unt...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2016.0435
更新日期:2016-06-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:5% to 8% of 70-year-olds and some 10% of persons over age 80 have atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS:Selective literature review. RESULTS:New scoring schemes (CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc score, HAS-BLED score) have been introduced to enable more accurate estimation of the risk of stroke and hemorrhage in patients with...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2012.0001
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The treatment of Hodgkin's disease (HD; also called Hodgkin's lymphoma) in children and adolescents with radiotherapy and chemotherapy leads to high survival rates but has a number of late effects. The most serious one is the development of a secondary malignant tumor, usually in the field that was irradiate...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2014.0003
更新日期:2014-01-06 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although the number of elderly patients with fractures is increasing, there have been only a few studies to date of the efficacy of collaborative treatment by trauma surgeons and geriatricians. METHODS:Data on patients over age 75 with femoral neck, trochanteric, proximal humeral, and pelvic ring fractures ...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2015.0113
更新日期:2015-02-13 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Acne is the most common skin disease in adolescence, with a prevalence of nearly 100%. About 60% of affected adolescents have mild acne for which they use non-prescription preparations without consulting a physician. The remaining 40% constitute the population of acne patients seen in medical practice. The c...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2014.0301
更新日期:2014-04-25 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Infections with multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria are hard to treat and cause high morbidity and mortality. The direct transmission of such pathogens is well documented, and measures to protect other patients would seem indicated. Nonetheless, evidence-based recommendations are not yet available bec...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2012.0039
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The effectiveness of intraoral appliances (IOA), maxillary expansion (ME), and maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) in the treatment of children and adults with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has not yet been adequately assessed. METHODS:An umbrella review was performed based on established guidelines for evi...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2018.0200
更新日期:2018-03-23 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Military missions abroad carry a high risk of psychological traumatization. In this study, we examined the reasons for increased utilization of the treatments offered to soldiers by the German armed forces' psychiatric services. METHOD:We analyzed trends in initial contacts with psychiatrists and psychoth...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2012.0569
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In view of the rise in antibiotic resistance and Clostridium difficile superinfection, close monitoring of antibiotic prescribing practices is essential so that targeted quality assurance measures can be taken. METHODS:We analyzed nationwide data from multiple statutory health insurance carriers on prescrip...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2016.0454
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Autopsy studies of persons who died of cancer have shown the lungs to be the sole site of metastasis in about 20% of cases. The resection of pulmonary metastases is indicated for palliative purposes if they contain a large volume of necrotic tumor, infiltrate the thoracic wall to produce pain, or cause hem...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2012.0645
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Sepsis, the most severe manifestation of acute infection, poses a major challenge to health care systems around the world. To date, adequate data on the incidence and mortality of sepsis in Germany have been lacking. METHODS:Nationwide case-related hospital DRG statistics for the years 2007-2013 were used t...
journal_title:Deutsches Arzteblatt international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3238/arztebl.2016.0159
更新日期:2016-03-11 00:00:00