Abstract:
:Direct-to-consumer (DTC) DNA testing has grown from contentious beginnings into a global industry, by providing a wide range of personal genomic information directly to its clients. These companies, typified by the well-established 23andMe, generally carry out a gene-chip analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using DNA extracted from a saliva sample. These genetic data are then assimilated and provided direct to the client, with varying degrees of interpretation. Although much debate has focused on the limitations and ethical aspects of providing genotypes for disease risk alleles, the provision of pharmacogenetic results by DTC companies is less studied. We set out to evaluate current DTC pharmacogenetics offerings, and then to consider how these services might best evolve and adapt in order to play a potentially useful future role in delivery of personalized medicine.
journal_name
Front Pharmacoljournal_title
Frontiers in pharmacologyauthors
Chua EW,Kennedy MAdoi
10.3389/fphar.2012.00152subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-08-20 00:00:00pages
152issn
1663-9812journal_volume
3pub_type
杂志文章abstract::As a typical traditional Chinese medicine, Bu-Yin-Qian-Zheng Formula (BYQZF) has been shown to have neuroprotective effects in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), particularly by ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction and regulating expression of the parkin protein. However, the underlying mechanisms by which BYQZ...
journal_title:Frontiers in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.577017
更新日期:2020-12-18 00:00:00
abstract::Interest is increasing in the development of non-animal methods for toxicological evaluations. These methods are however, particularly challenging for complex toxicological endpoints such as repeated dose toxicity. European Legislation, e.g., the European Union's Cosmetic Directive and REACH, demands the use of altern...
journal_title:Frontiers in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphar.2016.00321
更新日期:2016-09-21 00:00:00
abstract::Neurofibrillary pathology contributes to neuronal dysfunction and correlates with the clinical progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Tau phosphorylation is mainly regulated by a balance of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activities. Cornel iridoid glycoside (CIG) is a main com...
journal_title:Frontiers in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphar.2018.00682
更新日期:2018-06-26 00:00:00
abstract::Background: Total flavonoids of Rhizoma Drynariae (TFRD), extracted from the kidney-tonifying traditional Chinese medicine Rhizoma Rrynariae, has been proved to be effective in treating osteoporosis, bone fractures and defects. However, pharmacological effects of TFRD on type H vessels, angiogenic-osteogenic coupling ...
journal_title:Frontiers in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.503524
更新日期:2020-11-27 00:00:00
abstract::Several studies have pointed to soluble oligomers of beta amyloid peptide (SOAβ) as the principal neurotoxic agents responsible for the generation of synaptotoxic events that can explain the main symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Among the toxic features associated with SOAβ, one of the most notorious is the forma...
journal_title:Frontiers in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fphar.2019.01330
更新日期:2019-11-07 00:00:00
abstract::With multiple omics strategies being applied to several cancer genomics projects, researchers have the opportunity to develop a rational planning of targeted cancer therapy. The investigation of such numerous and diverse pharmacogenomic datasets is a complex task. It requires biological knowledge and skills on a set o...
journal_title:Frontiers in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fphar.2016.00312
更新日期:2016-09-29 00:00:00
abstract::Parkinson's disease (PD), characterized with bradykinesia, static tremor, rigidity and disturbances in balance, is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. Along with the largely aging population in the world, the incidence is increasing year by year, which imposes the negative impacts on patients, their fam...
journal_title:Frontiers in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fphar.2017.00634
更新日期:2017-09-19 00:00:00
abstract::There are many types of biomarkers; the two common ones are biomarkers of exposure and biomarkers of effect. The utility of a biomarker for estimating exposures or predicting risks depends on the strength of the correlation between biomarker concentrations and exposure/effects. In the current study, a combined exposur...
journal_title:Frontiers in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphar.2014.00246
更新日期:2014-11-18 00:00:00
abstract::Dysregulation of the complement system is central to age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of blindness in the developed world. Most of the genetic variation associated with AMD resides in complement genes, with the greatest risk associated with polymorphisms in the complement factor H (CFH) gene; ...
journal_title:Frontiers in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.591908
更新日期:2020-11-26 00:00:00
abstract::The cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury greatly influences the therapeutic effect and remains an urgent challenge in clinical therapy. Polypharmacology opens a new therapeutic opportunity to design drugs with a specific target for improving the efficacy. In this study, we first forecasted that Rosmarinic acid (R...
journal_title:Frontiers in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphar.2017.00456
更新日期:2017-07-11 00:00:00
abstract::Digoxin is widely used to treat heart failure. Epidemiological studies suggested it might be used as an anticancer drug or sensitizing agent for cancer therapy. Adriamycin is a well-known anticancer drug, but often causes cardiotoxicity which limits its use. We recently investigated the anticancer effects of digoxin a...
journal_title:Frontiers in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.00186
更新日期:2020-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::The skin is the main barrier that protects us against environmental stressors (physical, chemical, and biological). These stressors, combined with internal factors, are responsible for cutaneous aging. Furthermore, they negatively affect the skin and increase the risk of cutaneous diseases, particularly skin cancer. T...
journal_title:Frontiers in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fphar.2019.00759
更新日期:2019-07-09 00:00:00
abstract::In a screening of Sudanese medicinal plants for antiprotozoal activity, the chloroform fractions obtained by liquid-liquid partitioning from ethanolic extracts of fruits of Croton gratissimus var. gratissimus and stems of Cuscuta hyalina Roth ex Schult. exhibited in vitro activity against axenically grown Leishmania d...
journal_title:Frontiers in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.01246
更新日期:2020-08-14 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Immunosuppressant non-adherence is a widespread problem among solid organ recipients. With the newly published clinical trials, the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) based systematic review of adherence-enhancing interventions on immunosuppressant adherence in solid organ recipients has not been completed....
journal_title:Frontiers in pharmacology
pub_type:
doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.578887
更新日期:2020-10-20 00:00:00
abstract::The serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] system has been implicated in the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD). Among the 5-HT receptor subtypes, 5-HT2 is one of the major pharmacological therapeutic targets for MDD. There have been inconsistent findings in previous pharmacogenetic studies investigating ...
journal_title:Frontiers in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.559601
更新日期:2020-12-03 00:00:00
abstract::B lymphocytes play a critical role in humoral immunity. Abnormal B cell development and function cause a variety of hematological malignancies such as myeloma, B cell lymphoma, and leukemia. Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) inhibitors alone or in combination with other drugs have shown efficacy in several hematological m...
journal_title:Frontiers in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.00971
更新日期:2020-06-26 00:00:00
abstract::The development of current neuroleptics was largely aiming to decrease excessive dopaminergic signaling in the striatum. However, the notion that abnormal dopamine creates psychotic symptoms by causing an aberrant assignment of salience that drives maladaptive learning chronically during disease development suggests a...
journal_title:Frontiers in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.486811
更新日期:2020-10-16 00:00:00
abstract:Objective:Drawing a growth curve of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDR-PA) provides a foundation for susceptibility testing. By observing in vitro antibacterial activity and ultrastructure cthanges on MDR-PA of the effective components in the drug-containing serum of rats after the administration of Fuzhen...
journal_title:Frontiers in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphar.2019.01682
更新日期:2020-02-12 00:00:00
abstract::The trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) is expressed by dopaminergic neurons, but the precise influence of trace amines upon their functional activity remains to be fully characterized. Here, we examined the regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) by tyramine and beta-phenylethylamine (β-PEA) compared to 3-iodot...
journal_title:Frontiers in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphar.2018.00166
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The clinical practice of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) augmentation relies heavily on trial-and-error. Unfortunately, the drug combinations prescribed today fail to provide relief for many depressed patients. In order to identify potentially more effective treatments, we developed a computational model...
journal_title:Frontiers in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphar.2019.01215
更新日期:2019-10-25 00:00:00
abstract::For the treatment of malignancy, many therapeutic agents, including small molecules, photosensitizers, immunomodulators, proteins and genes, and so forth, have been loaded into nanocarriers for controllable cancer therapy. Among these nanocarriers, polymeric micelles have been considered as one of the most promising n...
journal_title:Frontiers in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fphar.2018.00202
更新日期:2018-03-08 00:00:00
abstract::Depression has been associated with drug consumption, including heavy or problematic cannabis use. According to an animal model of depression and substance use disorder comorbidity, we combined the olfactory bulbectomy (OBX) model of depression with intravenous drug self-administration procedure to verify whether depr...
journal_title:Frontiers in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphar.2014.00044
更新日期:2014-03-20 00:00:00
abstract::Local people in the Sudhnoti district of Pakistan share a rich practice of traditional medicine for the treatment of a variety of ailments. We selected nine plants from the Sudhnoti ethnopharmacological tradition used for the treatment of infectious and inflammatory disease. Our aim was to evaluate the in vitro anti-i...
journal_title:Frontiers in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphar.2018.00815
更新日期:2018-08-02 00:00:00
abstract::Convolvulus prostratus Forssk., a nootropic herb used in traditional medicinal systems, is also frequently known by its taxonomic synonym Convolvulus pluricaulis. In Indian medicinal system - Ayurveda - it is named as Shankhpushpi. According to the ancient literature, this herb has been attributed with several therape...
journal_title:Frontiers in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.00171
更新日期:2020-03-03 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Depression and dementia are common incapacitating diseases in old age. The exact nature of the relationship between these conditions remains unclear, and multiple explanations have been suggested: depressive symptoms may be a risk factor for, a prodromal symptom of, or a coincidental finding in dementia. The...
journal_title:Frontiers in pharmacology
pub_type:
doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.00034
更新日期:2020-02-07 00:00:00
abstract::Exhaustive exercise has emerged as an important health issue nowadays. This study was designed to assess the metabolite abnormalities of rats after exhaustive exercise and the holistic efficacy of Chinese medicine Sanqi oral solution (SQ). Through exhaustive swimming, the exhaustive exercise model in rats was establis...
journal_title:Frontiers in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphar.2019.00704
更新日期:2019-07-04 00:00:00
abstract::Aging leads to changes in nearly all pharmacokinetic phases. Koumine (KM), an alkaloid derived from Gelsemium elegans Benth., is effective against age-associated chronic diseases, but its dose proportionality following oral administration in aged individuals remains unknown. Herein, we established and validated a simp...
journal_title:Frontiers in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.01113
更新日期:2020-07-21 00:00:00
abstract:Aim:To investigate the variations and the frequencies of the SLCO1B1 gene in the Thai population. Methods:Collected samples were categorized into five regions of Thailand. DNA samples were genotyped for two variants, c.388A>G and c.521T>C of the SLCO1B1, using TaqMan® real-time PCR. Results:The minor allele frequenci...
journal_title:Frontiers in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.00728
更新日期:2020-06-05 00:00:00
abstract::Recent investigations of the treatment for hematologic neoplasms have focused on targeting epigenetic regulators. The DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-azacytidine (AZA) has produced good results in the treatment of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. The mechanism underlying its pharmacological activity involves...
journal_title:Frontiers in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphar.2018.01166
更新日期:2018-10-16 00:00:00
abstract::Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that is primarily characterized by synovial inflammation. In this study, we found that a traditional Chinese decoction, Juanbi-Tang (JBT), JBT attenuated the symptoms of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice and in tumor necrosis factor transgenic (TNF-Tg) mice...
journal_title:Frontiers in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.00045
更新日期:2020-02-14 00:00:00