Abstract:
:The role of inflammation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been controversial since its first consideration. As with most instances of neuroinflammation, the possibility must be considered that activation of glia and cytokine networks in AD arises merely as a reaction to neurodegeneration. Active, healthy neurons produce signals that suppress inflammatory events, and dying neurons activate phagocytic responses in microglia at the very least. But simultaneous with the arrival of a more complex view of microglia, evidence that inflammation plays a causal or exacerbating role in AD etiology has been boosted by genetic, physiological, and epidemiological studies. In the end, it may be that the semantics of "inflammation" and glial "activation" must be regarded as too simplistic for the advancement of our understanding in this regard. It is clear that elaboration of the entire repertoire of activated microglia - a phenomenon that may be termed "malactivation" - must be prevented for healthy brain structure and function. Nevertheless, recent studies have suggested that phagocytosis of Abeta by microglia plays an important role in clearance of amyloid plaques, a process boosted by immunization paradigms. To the extent that this clearance might produce clinical improvements (still an open question), this relationship thus obligates a more nuanced consideration of the factors that indicate and control the various activities of microglia and other components of neuroinflammation.
journal_name
J Neuroinflammationjournal_title
Journal of neuroinflammationauthors
Barger SWdoi
10.1186/1742-2094-2-2subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-01-11 00:00:00pages
2issue
1issn
1742-2094pii
1742-2094-2-2journal_volume
2pub_type
社论abstract::Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide. After the first episode, patients with remitted MDD have a 60% chance of experiencing a second episode. Consideration of therapy continuation should be viewed in terms of the balance between the adverse effects of medication and the need to pr...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/s12974-019-1475-7
更新日期:2019-04-17 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The proteasome is a multisubunit enzyme complex involved in protein degradation, which is essential for many cellular processes. During inflammation, the constitutive subunits are replaced by their inducible counterparts, resulting in the formation of the immunoproteasome. METHODS:We investigated the expres...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0662-z
更新日期:2016-08-26 00:00:00
abstract::Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) is a chronic and often treatment-refractory brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizures originating from the hippocampus. The pathogenic mechanisms underlying mTLE remain largely unknown. Recent clinical and experimental evidence supports a role of various inflammatory media...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-2094-9-207
更新日期:2012-08-30 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease with characteristics and symptoms that are well defined. Nevertheless, its aetiology remains unknown. PD is characterized by the presence of Lewy bodies inside neurons. α-Synuclein (α-syn) is a soluble protein present in the pre-synaptic terminal of neu...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12974-015-0412-7
更新日期:2015-10-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Neuroinflammation in utero may contribute to brain injury resulting in life-long neurological disabilities. The pivotal role of the efferent cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) in controlling inflammation, e.g., by inhibiting the HMGB1 release, via the macrophages' α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0567-x
更新日期:2016-05-10 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Paroxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor for counteracting depression, has been recently suggested as having a role in prevention of dopaminergic neuronal degeneration in substantia nigra, a hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD). The pathogenesis of this type of neurological disorders often involv...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-2094-11-47
更新日期:2014-03-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Conditions of inflammatory tissue distress are associated with high extracellular levels of adenosine, due to increased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) degradation upon cellular stress or the release of extracellular ATP upon cell death, which can be degraded to adenosine by membrane-bound ecto-enzymes like CD3...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0512-z
更新日期:2016-02-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a neurological emergency with limited pharmacological treatment options. Inflammation is increasingly recognized as a key pathogenic contributor to brain injury in this condition. In the present study, we examined the neuroprotective effects of the immunomodulatory agent, fin...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12974-015-0234-7
更新日期:2015-01-27 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The aim of the research is to study the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II allele frequencies in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) associated with anti-neurofascin 155 (NF155) antibodies. METHODS:Thirteen anti-NF155+ and 35 anti-NF155 negative (anti-NF155neg) CIDP patients...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12974-017-0996-1
更新日期:2017-11-16 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The cause of neurodegeneration in progressive forms of multiple sclerosis is unknown. We investigated the impact of specific neuroinflammatory markers on human neurons to identify potential therapeutic targets for neuroprotection against chronic inflammation. METHODS:Surface immunocytochemistry directly vis...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12974-017-0901-y
更新日期:2017-06-27 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Microglia and astrocytes respond to homeostatic disturbances with profound changes of gene expression. This response, known as glial activation or neuroinflammation, can be detrimental to the surrounding tissue. The transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ) is an important regulator of g...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-2094-8-156
更新日期:2011-11-10 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Autoantibodies against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (anti-MOG-Abs) occur in a majority of children with acquired demyelinating syndromes (ADS) and physiopathology is still under investigation. As cynomolgus macaques immunized with rhMOG, all develop an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), ...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12974-019-1637-7
更新日期:2019-11-30 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), are inflammatory demyelinating and neurodegenerative diseases of the CNS. Although recent studies suggest the neuroprotective effects of oligodendrocytes in neurodegenerative diseases, it remains unknown whether ol...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12974-019-1415-6
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Local and systemic inflammatory responses are initiated early after traumatic brain injury (TBI), and may play a key role in the secondary injury processes resulting in neuronal loss and neurological deficits. However, the mechanisms responsible for the rapid expansion of neuroinflammation and its long-term ...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12974-017-0819-4
更新日期:2017-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Opioid therapies for chronic pain are undermined by many adverse side effects that reduce their efficacy and lead to dependence, abuse, reduced quality of life, and even death. We have recently reported that sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) 1 receptor (S1PR1) antagonists block the development of morphine-induced hyperalg...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12974-020-01975-2
更新日期:2020-10-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) induces neuronal dysfunction through host cellular factors and viral proteins including viral protein R (Vpr) released from infected macrophages/microglia. Vpr is important for infection of terminally differentiated cells such as macrophages. The objective of this ...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-2094-9-138
更新日期:2012-06-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Monocyte infiltration is involved in the pathogenesis of many retinal degenerative conditions. This process traditionally depends on local expression of chemokines, though the roles of many of these in the degenerating retina are unclear. Here, we investigate expression and in situ localization of the broad ...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12974-014-0224-1
更新日期:2015-01-17 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Synaptodendritic damage is a pathological hallmark of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders, and HIV-1 Tat protein is known to cause such injury in the central nervous system. In this study, we aimed to determine the molecular mechanisms of Tat-induced neurite shortening, specifically the roles of miR-132,...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0716-2
更新日期:2016-09-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although evidence suggests that the prevalence of Parkinson's disease (PD) is lower in smokers than in non-smokers, the mechanisms of nicotine-induced neuroprotection remain unclear. Stimulation of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR) seems to be a crucial mechanism underlying the anti-inflamma...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-2094-9-98
更新日期:2012-05-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although the acute toxicity of organophosphorus nerve agents is known to result from acetylcholinesterase inhibition, the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of neuropathology following nerve agent-induced seizure are not well understood. To help determine these pathways, we previously used micr...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-2094-8-84
更新日期:2011-07-21 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In the healthy central nervous system (CNS), microglia are found in a homeostatic state and peripheral macrophages are absent from the brain. Microglia play key roles in maintaining CNS homeostasis and acting as first responders to infection and inflammation, and peripheral macrophages infiltrate the CNS dur...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12974-019-1545-x
更新日期:2019-07-20 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Determining the etiology and possible treatment strategies for numerous diseases requires a comprehensive understanding of compensatory mechanisms in physiological systems. The vagus nerve acts as a key interface between the brain and the peripheral internal organs. We set out to identify mechanisms compensa...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12974-019-1544-y
更新日期:2019-07-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been shown to predict short- and long-term outcomes in ischemic stroke patients. We sought to explore the temporal profile of the plasma NLR in stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and its relationship with intracranial bleeding complication...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0680-x
更新日期:2016-08-26 00:00:00
abstract::Although neuroinflammation has been studied extensively in animal models of cerebral ischemia, their contrasting functions are still not completely understood. A major participant in neuroinflammation is microglia and microglial activation usually regulated by the chemokine CX3CL1 (fractalkine) and its receptor, CX3CR...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章,收录出版
doi:10.1186/1742-2094-11-13
更新日期:2014-01-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:After spinal cord injury (SCI), glial scarring is mainly formed around the lesion and inhibits axon regeneration. Recently, we reported that anti-β1 integrin antibody (β1Ab) had a therapeutic effect on astrocytes by preventing the induction of glial scar formation. However, the cellular components within the...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12974-020-02059-x
更新日期:2021-01-06 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins play critical functions regulating vascular formation and function. Laminin is a major component of the vascular basal lamina, and transgenic mice deficient in astrocyte or pericyte laminin show defective blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, indicating an important instruc...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12974-017-0987-2
更新日期:2017-11-09 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The mechanism of leukocyte transendothelial migration (TEM) across the highly restrictive blood-brain barrier (BBB) remains enigmatic, with paracellular TEM thought to require leukocytes to somehow navigate the obstructive endothelial tight junctions (TJs). Transient interactions between TJ proteins on the r...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0755-8
更新日期:2016-11-16 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The ways in which microglia activate and promote neovascularization (NV) are not fully understood. Recent in vivo evidence supports the theory that calcium is required for the transition of microglia from a surveillance state to an active one. The objectives of this study were to discover novel L-type voltag...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12974-020-01801-9
更新日期:2020-04-25 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:White matter injury (WMI) is the major antecedent of cerebral palsy in premature infants, and is often associated with maternal infection and the fetal inflammatory response. The current study explores the therapeutic potential of glutamate receptor blockade or cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibition for inflamm...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-2094-10-153
更新日期:2013-12-17 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Upregulated levels of 18-kDa translocator proteins (TSPO) and type 2 endocannabinoid receptors (CB2) are considered to reflect different aspects of microglia-related neuroinflammatory responses in the brain. Relative to the increase in the TSPO expression that occurs slightly later during neuroinflammation i...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12974-017-0851-4
更新日期:2017-03-29 00:00:00