Abstract:
:Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide. After the first episode, patients with remitted MDD have a 60% chance of experiencing a second episode. Consideration of therapy continuation should be viewed in terms of the balance between the adverse effects of medication and the need to prevent a possible relapse. Relapse during the early stages of MDD could be prevented more efficiently by conducting individual risk assessments and providing justification for continuing therapy. Our previous work established the neuroimaging markers of relapse by comparing patients with recurrent major depressive disorder (rMDD) in depressive and remitted states. However, it is not known which of these markers are trait markers that present before initial relapse and, consequently, predict disease course. Here, we first describe how inflammation can be translated to subtype-specific clinical features and suggest how this could be used to facilitate clinical diagnosis and treatment. Next, we address the central and peripheral functional state of the immune system in patients with MDD. In addition, we emphasize the important link between the number of depressive episodes and rMDD and use neuroimaging to propose a model for the latter. Last, we address how inflammation can affect brain circuits, providing a possible mechanism for rMDD. Our review suggests a link between inflammatory processes and brain region/circuits in rMDD.
journal_name
J Neuroinflammationjournal_title
Journal of neuroinflammationauthors
Liu CH,Zhang GZ,Li B,Li M,Woelfer M,Walter M,Wang Ldoi
10.1186/s12974-019-1475-7subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-04-17 00:00:00pages
90issue
1issn
1742-2094pii
10.1186/s12974-019-1475-7journal_volume
16pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:BACKGROUND:There has been a marked increase in the incidence of autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS) in the last decades which is most likely driven by a change in environmental factors. Here, growing evidence suggests that ingredients of a Western diet like high intake of sodium chloride (NaCl) or saturate...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12974-017-0954-y
更新日期:2017-09-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Determining the etiology and possible treatment strategies for numerous diseases requires a comprehensive understanding of compensatory mechanisms in physiological systems. The vagus nerve acts as a key interface between the brain and the peripheral internal organs. We set out to identify mechanisms compensa...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12974-019-1544-y
更新日期:2019-07-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Increased tryptophan metabolism towards the production of kynurenine via indoleamine/tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenases (DOs: Ido1, Ido2, and Tdo2) is strongly associated with the prevalence of major depressive disorder in patients and the induction of depression-like behaviors in animal models. Several studies hav...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0563-1
更新日期:2016-05-03 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Brain inflammation including increases in inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β is widely believed to contribute to the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. Although IL-1β-induced impairments in long-term potentiation (LTP) in acute hippocampal slices and memory functions in vivo have been well documented,...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12974-018-1158-9
更新日期:2018-04-30 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Traumatic brain injury initiates biochemical processes that lead to secondary neurodegeneration. Imaging studies suggest that tissue loss may continue for months or years after traumatic brain injury in association with chronic microglial activation. Recently we found that metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-2094-9-43
更新日期:2012-02-28 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Andrographolide is the major bioactive compound isolated from Andrographis paniculata, a native South Asian herb used medicinally for its anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we aimed to assess andrographolide's potential utility as an anti-neuroinflammatory therapeutic. METHODS:The effects of andro...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0498-6
更新日期:2016-02-09 00:00:00
abstract::BACKGROUND: Twitcher mouse (twi/twi) is an authentic murine model of Krabbe's disease. Accumulation of psychosine, resulting in apoptosis of oligodendrocytes and subsequent demyelination, is a cardinal event to the pathogenesis of this disease. Moreover, recruitment of inflammatory cells plays a significant role in th...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-2094-2-10
更新日期:2005-04-06 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The NLRP3 inflammasome (NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3) is an intracellular protein complex that plays an important role in innate immune sensing. Its activation leads to the maturation of caspase-1 and regulates the cleavage of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. Various studies have shown t...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0539-1
更新日期:2016-04-05 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although the acute toxicity of organophosphorus nerve agents is known to result from acetylcholinesterase inhibition, the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of neuropathology following nerve agent-induced seizure are not well understood. To help determine these pathways, we previously used micr...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-2094-8-84
更新日期:2011-07-21 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) restores inflammatory immune responses in AIDS patients which may unmask previous subclinical infections or paradoxically exacerbate symptoms of opportunistic infections. In resource-poor settings, 25% of patients receiving HAART may develop CNS-related immune rec...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-2094-10-98
更新日期:2013-07-31 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Components of the innate immune complement system have been implicated in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); however, a comprehensive examination of complement expression in this disease has not been performed. This study therefore aimed to determine the expression of complement compone...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-2094-10-119
更新日期:2013-09-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In neuroinflammatory diseases, macrophages can play a dual role in the process of tissue damage, depending on their activation status (M1 / M2). M1 macrophages are considered to exert damaging effects to neurons, whereas M2 macrophages are reported to aid regeneration and repair of neurons. Their migration w...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-2094-11-23
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Opioid therapies for chronic pain are undermined by many adverse side effects that reduce their efficacy and lead to dependence, abuse, reduced quality of life, and even death. We have recently reported that sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) 1 receptor (S1PR1) antagonists block the development of morphine-induced hyperalg...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12974-020-01975-2
更新日期:2020-10-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The glutamine synthetase (GS), an astrocyte-specific enzyme, is involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation which activates the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. Endocannabinoid 2-arachidonyl glycerol (2-AG) has been described to serve as an endogenous mediator of analgesia and...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12974-018-1254-x
更新日期:2018-08-03 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is regarded as one of the efficient treatments for intractable psychiatric disorders, the mechanism of therapeutic action remains unclear. Recently, many studies indicate that ECT affects the immune-related cells, such as microglia, astrocytes, and lymphocytes. Moreov...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0688-2
更新日期:2016-09-02 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Autoantibodies against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (anti-MOG-Abs) occur in a majority of children with acquired demyelinating syndromes (ADS) and physiopathology is still under investigation. As cynomolgus macaques immunized with rhMOG, all develop an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), ...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12974-019-1637-7
更新日期:2019-11-30 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Oxidative stress plays an important and causal role in the mechanisms by which ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury increases brain damage after stroke. Accordingly, reducing oxidative stress has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy for limiting damage in the brain after stroke. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a hi...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0583-x
更新日期:2016-05-24 00:00:00
abstract::The role of inflammation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been controversial since its first consideration. As with most instances of neuroinflammation, the possibility must be considered that activation of glia and cytokine networks in AD arises merely as a reaction to neurodegeneration. Active, healthy neurons produc...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.1186/1742-2094-2-2
更新日期:2005-01-11 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Pneumococcal meningitis is the most common and severe form of bacterial meningitis. Fatality rates are substantial, and long-term sequelae develop in about half of survivors. Disease outcome has been related to the severity of the pro-inflammatory response in the subarachnoid space. The complement system, wh...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0770-9
更新日期:2017-01-03 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Accumulating evidence has highlighted the importance of microglial and astrocyte responses in the pathological development of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). However, the mechanisms involved are not well understood. METHODS:A perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) mouse model was generated...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12974-020-01799-0
更新日期:2020-04-07 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease characterized by neuronal loss due to amyloid beta aggregations, neurofibrillary tangles, and prominent neuroinflammation. Recently, interference with neuroinflammation as a new therapeutic approach for AD treatment gained great interest. ...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12974-015-0369-6
更新日期:2015-08-16 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Amyloid β (Aβ)-induced vascular dysfunction significantly contributes to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aβ is known to impair endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity, thus inhibiting endothelial nitric oxide production (NO). METHOD:In this study, we investigated Aβ-effects on heat s...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12974-015-0304-x
更新日期:2015-05-03 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a pharmacologic agent inducing neutrophil mobilization and a new candidate for neuroprotection and neuroregeneration in stroke. Its effects when used in combination with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) were explored during the acute phase of ischemic stroke...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-2094-11-96
更新日期:2014-05-27 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Leukocytes are believed to be involved in delayed cell death following traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, data demonstrating that blood-borne inflammatory cells are present in the injured brain prior to the onset of secondary brain damage have been inconclusive. We therefore investigated both the interac...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-2094-10-32
更新日期:2013-02-28 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Regulation of neural inflammation is considered as a vital therapeutic target in ischemic stroke. All-trans retinoic acid (atRA), a potent immune modulator, has raised interest in the field of stroke therapy. However, the immunological mechanisms for atRA-mediated neuroprotection remain elusive. ...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12974-019-1557-6
更新日期:2019-08-31 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a key mediator of ischaemic brain injury induced by stroke and subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) limits brain injury in experimental stroke and reduces plasma inflammatory mediators associated with poor outcome in ischaemic stroke patients. Intravenous ...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1186/1742-2094-11-1
更新日期:2014-01-03 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Aging and neurodegenerative disease predispose to delirium and are both associated with increased activity of the innate immune system resulting in an imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators in the brain. We examined whether hip fracture patients who develop postoperative delirium have altered...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-2094-10-122
更新日期:2013-10-07 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The peripheral immune system is implicated in modulating microglial activation, neurodegeneration and disease progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Specifically, there is reduced thymic function and regulatory T cell (Treg) number in ALS patients and mutant superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) mice, w...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12974-015-0254-3
更新日期:2015-02-27 00:00:00
abstract::Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 (ω-3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) relevant for brain function. It has largely been explored as a potential candidate to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD). Clinical evidence favors a role for DHA in the improvement of cognition in very early stages of the AD. In ...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0525-7
更新日期:2016-03-10 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:β-Amyloid (Aβ) plays a central role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Neurons are major sources of Aβ in the brain. However, astrocytes outnumber neurons by at least five-fold. Thus, even a small level of astrocytic Aβ production could make a significant contribution to Aβ burden in AD. Moreover, act...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-2094-8-150
更新日期:2011-11-02 00:00:00