Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is now a recommended treatment for people with schizophrenia. This approach helps to link the person's feelings and patterns of thinking which underpin distress. OBJECTIVES:To review the effects of CBT for people with schizophrenia when compared to standard care, specific medication, other therapies and no intervention. SEARCH STRATEGY:This 2004 update built on past work by searching the Cochrane Schizophrenia Groups' Register of Trials (January 2004). We inspected all references of the selected articles for further relevant trials. SELECTION CRITERIA:All relevant clinical randomised trials of cognitive behaviour therapy for people with schizophrenia-like illnesses. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS:Studies were reliably selected and assessed for methodological quality. Two reviewers, working independently, extracted data. We analysed dichotomous data on an intention-to-treat basis and continuous data with 65% completion rate are presented. Where possible, for dichotomous outcomes, we estimated a relative risk (RR) with the 95% confidence interval (CI) along with the number needed to treat/harm (NNT/H). MAIN RESULTS:30 papers described 19 trials. CBT plus standard care did not reduce relapse and readmission compared with standard care (long term 4 RCTs, n=357, RR 0.8 CI 0.5 to 1.5), but did decrease the risk of staying in hospital (1 RCT, n=62, RR 0.5 CI 0.3 to 0.9, NNT 4 CI 3 to 15). CBT helped mental state over the medium term (2 RCTs, n=123, RR No meaningful improvement 0.7 CI 0.6 to 0.9, NNT 4 CI 3 to 9) but after one year the difference was gone (3 RCTs, n=211, RR 0.95 CI 0.6 to 1.5). Continuous measures of mental state (BDI, BPRS, CPRS, MADRS, PAS) do not demonstrate a consistent effect. When compared with supportive psychotherapy, CBT had no effect on relapse (1 RCT, n=59, RR medium term 0.6 CI 0.2 to 2; 2 RCTs, n=83, RR long term 1.1 CI 0.5 to 2.4). This also applies to the outcome of 'No clinically meaningful improvements in mental state' over the same time periods (1 RCT, n=59, RR medium term 0.8 CI 0.6 to 1.1; 2 RCT, n=100, RR long term 0.9 CI 0.8 to 1.1). When CBT was combined with a psychoeducational approach there was no significant reduction of readmission rates relative to standard care alone (1 RCT, n=91, RR 0.9 CI 0.6 to 1.4). REVIEWERS' CONCLUSIONS:CBT is a promising but under evaluated intervention. Currently, trial-based data supporting the wide use of CBT for people with schizophrenia or other psychotic illnesses are far from conclusive. More trials are justified, especially in comparison with a lower grade supportive approach. These trials should be designed to be both clinically meaningful and widely applicable.
journal_name
Cochrane Database Syst Revjournal_title
The Cochrane database of systematic reviewsauthors
Jones C,Cormac I,Silveira da Mota Neto JI,Campbell Cdoi
10.1002/14651858.CD000524.pub2keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-10-18 00:00:00pages
CD000524issue
4issn
1469-493Xpub_type
杂志文章,meta分析,评审abstract:BACKGROUND:Measles causes more than a million deaths a year, of which most are children under five years of age who die from pneumonia. OBJECTIVES:The objective of this review was to assess the effects of antibiotics given to children with measles on reducing pneumonia or mortality, and to assess whether antibiotics s...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001477
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Several studies have suggested that prophylactic antibiotics given during pregnancy improved maternal and perinatal outcomes, while others have shown no benefit and some have reported adverse effects. OBJECTIVES:To determine the effect of prophylactic antibiotics on maternal and perinatal outcomes during th...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002250.pub2
更新日期:2015-01-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Absence seizures are brief epileptic seizures which present in childhood and adolescence. They are characterised by sudden loss of awareness and an electroencephalogram (EEG) typically shows generalised spike wave discharges at three cycles per second. Ethosuximide, valproate and lamotrigine are currently us...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003032
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Breast milk provides optimal nutrition for newborn infants, and the ideal way for infants to receive breast milk is through suckling at the breast. Unfortunately, this may not always be possible, as there are numerous reasons why a newborn infant may not be able to breastfeed and, as a result, require supple...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005092.pub2
更新日期:2007-04-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) is licensed for use in patients with haemophilia and inhibitory allo-antibodies. It is also increasingly being used for off-license indications to prevent bleeding in operations where blood loss is likely to be high, and/or to stop bleeding that is proving difficult to contro...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005011.pub3
更新日期:2011-02-16 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Hypertonic solutions are considered to have a greater ability to expand blood volume and thus elevate blood pressure and can be administered as a small volume infusion over a short time period. On the other hand, the use of hypertonic solutions for volume replacement may also have important disadvantages. O...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002045.pub2
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:School tobacco policies (STPs) might prove to be a promising strategy to prevent smoking initiation among adolescents, as there is evidence that the school environment can influence young people to smoke. STPs are cheap, relatively easy to implement and have a wide reach, but it is not clear whether this app...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009990.pub2
更新日期:2014-10-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Total knee arthroplasty is a common intervention for patients with arthritis. Post-surgical rehabilitation often includes continuous passive motion. However, it is not clear whether continuous passive motion is effective. OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the effectiveness of continuous passive motion following total ...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004260.pub2
更新日期:2010-03-17 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the clinical effect of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in peptic ulcer (PU) bleeding yield conflicting results. OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the efficacy of PPIs in acute bleeding from PU using evidence from RCTs. SEARCH STRATEGY:We searched CENTRAL, The Cochrane Libr...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002094.pub4
更新日期:2010-05-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The most common psychiatric diagnosis among cancer patients is depression; this diagnosis is even more common among patients with advanced cancer. Psychotherapy is a patient-preferred and promising strategy for treating depression among cancer patients. Several systematic reviews have investigated the effect...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005537.pub3
更新日期:2018-11-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:People with multiple sclerosis (MS) are confronted with a number of important uncertainties concerning many aspects of the disease. Among others, these include diagnosis, prognosis, disease course, disease-modifying therapies, symptomatic therapies and non-pharmacological interventions. It has been shown tha...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008757.pub2
更新日期:2014-04-21 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Hallux valgus is classified as an abnormal deviation of the great toe (hallux) towards the midline of the foot. OBJECTIVES:To identify and evaluate the evidence from randomised trials of interventions used to correct hallux valgus. SEARCH STRATEGY:We searched the Cochrane Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauama Gro...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000964.pub3
更新日期:2009-04-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The provision of training for foster carers is now seen as an important factor contributing to the successful outcome of foster care placements. It is believed to be associated with enhancing caring attitudes and skills, reducing behaviour problems in foster children, improving relationships between foster c...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003760.pub2
更新日期:2005-04-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A large proportion of people with advanced cancer will experience moderate to severe pain. Tapentadol is a novel, centrally acting analgesic medicine acting at the μ-opioid receptor and inhibiting noradrenaline reuptake. The efficacy of tapentadol is stated to be comparable to morphine and oxycodone. OBJECT...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011460.pub2
更新日期:2015-09-25 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The health benefits of physical activity and exercise are well documented and these effects could help people with schizophrenia. OBJECTIVES:To determine the mental health effects of exercise/physical activity programmes for people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like illnesses. SEARCH STRATEGY:We sear...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004412.pub2
更新日期:2010-05-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A key component of many asthma management guidelines is the recommendation for patient education and regular medical review. A number of controlled trials have been conducted to measure the effectiveness of asthma education programmes. These programmes improve patient knowledge, but their impact on health ou...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001005
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses consistently show the positive effect of exercise-based rehabilitation for heart failure (HF) on exercise capacity; however, the direction and magnitude of effects on health-related quality of life, mortality and hospital admissions in HF remain less certain. Thi...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003331.pub4
更新日期:2014-04-27 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In children and adults the consequences of influenza are mainly absences from school and work, however the risk of complications is greatest in children and people over 65 years old. OBJECTIVES:To appraise all comparative studies evaluating the effects of influenza vaccines in healthy children; assess vacci...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004879.pub2
更新日期:2006-01-25 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Road traffic crashes are a major cause of death and injury, especially in low and middle-income countries. It is estimated that road traffic injuries will have risen from ninth to third in world disease burden rankings by 2020, accounting for 2.3 million deaths globally. Street lighting has been suggested as...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004728.pub2
更新日期:2009-01-21 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Pre-eclampsia is a relatively common complication of pregnancy. Anticonvulsants are used in the belief they help prevent eclamptic fits and subsequent poor outcomes for mother and infant. OBJECTIVES:The objective of this review was to assess the effects of anticonvulsants for women with pre-eclampsia on the...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000025
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Neural tube defects arise during the development of the brain and spinal cord. OBJECTIVES:The objective of this review was to assess the effects of increased consumption of folate or multivitamins on the prevalence of neural tube defects periconceptionally (that is before pregnancy and in the first two mont...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001056.pub2
更新日期:2011-04-13 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Staples can be placed during the making of an incision, with the aim of decreasing blood loss from the cut edges. OBJECTIVES:The objective of this review was to assess the effects of using a stapler with absorbable staples to extend the uterine incision at lower segment caesarean section. SEARCH STRATEGY:W...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000005
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Pressure ulcers, localised injuries to the skin or underlying tissue, or both, occur when people cannot reposition themselves to relieve pressure on bony prominences. These wounds are difficult to heal, painful, expensive to manage and have a negative impact on quality of life. Prevention strategies include ...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009362.pub3
更新日期:2018-12-06 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Demographic changes are leading to an increase in the number of older drivers: as dementia is an age-related disease, there is also an increase in the numbers of drivers with dementia. Dementia can impact on both the mobility and safety of drivers, and the impact of formal assessment of driving is unknown in...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006222.pub2
更新日期:2009-01-21 00:00:00
abstract::This is the protocol for a review and there is no abstract. The objectives are as follows: To determine whether alternative agents (e.g. artificial platelet substitutes, platelet-poor plasma, fibrinogen, rFVIIa, thrombopoietin mimetics) are as effective and safe as the use of platelet transfusions for the prevention o...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010982
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The aim of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is to temporarily replace much of the nicotine from cigarettes to reduce motivation to smoke and nicotine withdrawal symptoms, thus easing the transition from cigarette smoking to complete abstinence. OBJECTIVES:The aims of this review were: To determine the eff...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000146.pub4
更新日期:2012-11-14 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are anti-inflammatory drugs that have proven benefits for people with worsening symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and repeated exacerbations. They are commonly used as combination inhalers with long-acting beta2-agonists (LABA) to reduce exacerbation rates...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010115.pub2
更新日期:2014-03-10 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Ischaemic heart disease including heart failure is the most common cause of death in the world, and the incidence of the condition is rapidly increasing. Heart failure is characterised by symptoms such as fatigue and breathlessness during light activity, as well as disordered breathing during sleep. In parti...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012803.pub2
更新日期:2019-12-04 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cranberries have been used widely for several decades for the prevention and treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs). OBJECTIVES:To assess the effectiveness of cranberry products in preventing UTIs in susceptible populations. SEARCH STRATEGY:We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register o...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001321.pub4
更新日期:2008-01-23 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Reduced uterine blood flow from maternal hypotension may contribute to fetal heart rate changes which are common following regional analgesia (epidural or spinal or combined spinal-epidural (CSE)) during labour. Intravenous fluid preloading may help to reduce maternal hypotension but using lower doses of loc...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000175.pub2
更新日期:2004-10-18 00:00:00