Abstract：
BACKGROUND:Measles causes more than a million deaths a year, of which most are children under five years of age who die from pneumonia. OBJECTIVES:The objective of this review was to assess the effects of antibiotics given to children with measles on reducing pneumonia or mortality, and to assess whether antibiotics should be given to all children with measles in communities with a high fatality rate. SEARCH STRATEGY:We searched MEDLINE (1966 - 1999), EMBASE (1980-1999) and the specialized trials register of the Acute Respiratory Infections Group in August 1999, and all relevant journals in the University of Melbourne medical library for the years 1935-46. SELECTION CRITERIA:Randomised or controlled trials of antibiotics for children with measles. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS:Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed trial quality. MAIN RESULTS:Six trials with 1304 children were included. All but one of the trials were unblinded, and randomisation was either not described or was by alternate allocation. In four studies, the incidence of pneumonia in the control group was similar to that in the antibiotic prophylaxis group; in the other two studies, the incidence of pneumonia was unusually high in the control group so these children had a higher complication rate than the antibiotic group. Four of the 764 children given antibiotics died compared with one of the 637 controls. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS:The quality of the trials reviewed was poor, and they provide very weak evidence for giving antibiotics to all children with measles. Available evidence suggests that antibiotics should be given only if a child has clinical signs of pneumonia or other evidence of sepsis.
journal_name
Cochrane Database Syst Revjournal_title
The Cochrane database of systematic reviewsauthors
Shann F,D'Souza RM,D'Souza Rdoi
10.1002/14651858.CD001477keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-01-01 00:00:00pages
CD001477issue
3issn
1469-493Xpii
CD001477pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：BACKGROUND:Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia and is a primary degenerative disease of the brain of unknown cause. Onset is usually late in life with increasing impairment of memory, developing gradually into a global impairment of cognition, orientation, linguistic ability and judgement. The clin...
journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/14651858.CD001190
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) consists of intermittently administering 100% oxygen at pressures greater than 1 atmosphere in a pressure vessel. This technology has been used to treat a variety of disease states and has been described as helping patients who have sustained burns. OBJECTIVES:The aim of thi...
journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/14651858.CD004727.pub2
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The prevalence of chronic heart failure is increasing, and increases with increasing age. Major symptoms include breathlessness and restricted activities of daily living due to reduced functional capacity, which in turn affects quality of life. Exercise training has been shown to be effective in patients wit...
journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/14651858.CD003331.pub2
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Herbal medicines are being used as a treatment for viral diseases such as viral myocarditis and numerous clinical trials have been conducted to investigate their efficacy. Despite this wealth of evidence, the role of herbal medicines in the treatment of viral myocarditis is yet to be established. This is an ...
journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1002/14651858.CD003711.pub4
更新日期：2012-11-14 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Zinc deficiency is prevalent in low- and middle-income countries, and contributes to significant diarrhoea-, pneumonia-, and malaria-related morbidity and mortality among young children. Zinc deficiency also impairs growth. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effects of zinc supplementation for preventing mortality an...
journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1002/14651858.CD009384.pub2
更新日期：2014-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The partogram (sometimes known as partograph) is usually a pre-printed paper form on which labour observations are recorded. The aim of the partogram is to provide a pictorial overview of labour, to alert midwives and obstetricians to deviations in maternal or fetal wellbeing and labour progress. Charts ofte...
journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1002/14651858.CD005461.pub3
更新日期：2012-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Although pregnancy was once thought of as a time of emotional well-being for many women, conferring 'protection' against psychiatric disorders, a recent meta-analysis of 21 studies suggests the mean prevalence rate for depression across the antenatal period is 10.7%, ranging from 7.4% in the first trimester ...
journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/14651858.CD006795.pub2
更新日期：2008-10-08 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Family centred care is an important part of neonatal intensive care. Ensuring effective communication in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is a challenge but is crucial to the implementation of family centred care. Providing parents in NICU with audiotape recordings of their conversations with neonatol...
journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/14651858.CD004502.pub2
更新日期：2005-01-25 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Chest radiography is widely used in children with acute lower respiratory infections, but the benefits are unknown. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effects of chest radiography for children with acute lower respiratory infections. SEARCH STRATEGY:The searches were updated in November 2004. We searched the Cochran...
journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/14651858.CD001268.pub2
更新日期：2005-07-20 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia frequently present to the Emergency Department. Where vagal manoeuvres fail, the two most commonly used drugs are adenosine and calcium channel antagonists. Both are known to be effective but both have a significant side-effect profile. OBJECTIVES:To exa...
journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1002/14651858.CD005154.pub2
更新日期：2006-10-18 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Tinea infections are fungal infections of the skin caused by dermatophytes. It is estimated that 10% to 20% of the world population is affected by fungal skin infections. Sites of infection vary according to geographical location, the organism involved, and environmental and cultural differences. Both tinea ...
journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1002/14651858.CD009992.pub2
更新日期：2014-08-04 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:This review sets out to assess the efficacy of pre-operative chemoradiation when compared to radiotherapy alone before surgery in the treatment of advanced non metastatic rectal surgery. OBJECTIVES:To determine the efficacy of pre-operative chemoradiation (CRT) compared with radiation (RT) alone, in locally...
journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1002/14651858.CD008368.pub2
更新日期：2012-12-12 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Dental caries is one of the most common chronic diseases of childhood and is associated with adverse health and economic consequences for infants and their families. Socioeconomically disadvantaged children have a higher risk of early childhood caries (ECC). OBJECTIVES:To assess the effects of interventions...
journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1002/14651858.CD012155.pub2
更新日期：2019-11-20 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) comprises a group of hereditary eye diseases characterized by progressive degeneration of retinal photoreceptors. It results in severe visual loss that may lead to legal blindness. Symptoms may become manifest during childhood or adulthood, and include poor night vision (nyctalopia)...
journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/14651858.CD008428.pub2
更新日期：2013-12-19 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The rising prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has increased the need for evidence-based treatments to lessen the impact of symptoms. Presently, no therapies are available to effectively treat individuals with all of the symptoms of this disorder. It has been suggested that hyperbaric oxygen therapy...
journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/14651858.CD010922.pub2
更新日期：2016-10-13 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The risk of maternal mortality and morbidity (particularly postoperative infection) is higher for caesarean section (CS) than for vaginal birth. With the increasing rate of CS, it is important to minimise the risks to the mother as much as possible. This review focused on different forms and methods of preop...
journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1002/14651858.CD007462.pub4
更新日期：2018-10-22 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Radiotherapy as part of head and neck cancer treatment leaves patients requiring much dental rehabilitation in a compromised environment that is difficult for the patient and the dental team to manage. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effects of maintaining the patient's natural dentition during radiotherapy in com...
journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/14651858.CD008857.pub2
更新日期：2013-02-28 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:People experiencing acute psychotic illnesses, especially those associated with agitated or violent behaviour, may require urgent pharmacological tranquillisation or sedation. Droperidol, a butyrophenone antipsychotic, has been used for this purpose in several countries. OBJECTIVES:To estimate the effects o...
journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1002/14651858.CD002830.pub3
更新日期：2016-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Bile acids have been used for treating primary sclerosing cholangitis, but their beneficial and harmful effects remain unclear. OBJECTIVES:To assess the beneficial and harmful effects of bile acids for patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. SEARCH STRATEGY:We searched The Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Gro...
journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1002/14651858.CD003626
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Combination injectable contraceptives (CICs) provide a highly effective, reversible method of preventing pregnancy, and they do not require daily administration or use at the time of coitus. Although they are used in many countries, their acceptability could be limited by method characteristics, such as the ...
journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:In nephrotic syndrome protein leaks from the blood to the urine through the glomeruli resulting in hypoproteinaemia and generalised oedema. While most children with nephrotic syndrome respond to corticosteroids, 80% experience a relapsing course. Corticosteroids have reduced the mortality rate to around 3%. ...
journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1002/14651858.CD001533.pub5
更新日期：2015-03-18 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Bell's palsy is an acute unilateral facial paralysis of unknown aetiology and should only be used as a diagnosis in the absence of any other pathology. As the proposed pathophysiology is swelling and entrapment of the nerve, some surgeons suggest surgical decompression of the nerve as a possible management o...
journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/14651858.CD007468.pub4
更新日期：2021-01-26 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Immediate delivery of the preterm fetus with suspected compromise may decrease the risk of damage due to intrauterine hypoxia. However, it may also increase the risks of prematurity. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effects of immediate versus deferred delivery of preterm babies with suspected fetal compromise on n...
journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/14651858.CD008968.pub3
更新日期：2016-07-12 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Otitis media with effusion (OME) is common and may cause hearing loss with associated developmental delay. Treatment remains controversial. OBJECTIVES:To examine evidence for or against treating children with hearing loss associated with OME with systemic or topical intranasal steroids. SEARCH STRATEGY:We ...
journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1002/14651858.CD001935.pub2
更新日期：2006-07-19 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:People with depression often experience interpersonal problems. Family therapy for depression is a widely used intervention, but it is unclear whether this is an effective therapy for the treatment of depression. OBJECTIVES:To assess the efficacy of family therapy for depression. SEARCH STRATEGY:The follow...
journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1002/14651858.CD006728
更新日期：2007-07-18 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Asthma is a common respiratory condition in children that is characterised by symptoms including wheeze, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and cough. Children with asthma may be able to manage their condition more effectively by improving inhaler technique, and by recognising and responding to symptoms. ...
journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1002/14651858.CD011651.pub2
更新日期：2019-01-28 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is frequently treated by either an infrainguinal autologous (using the patient's own veins) or synthetic graft bypass. The rate of occlusion of the graft after one year is between 12% and 60%. To prevent occlusion, patients are treated with an antiplatelet or antithrombotic ...
journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1002/14651858.CD000536.pub2
更新日期：2011-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Foot ulceration is thought to affect 15% of all people with diabetes at some time during their life. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effectiveness of pressure relieving interventions in the prevention and treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. SEARCH STRATEGY:Searches of 19 databases, hand searching of journals, bibl...
journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/14651858.CD002302
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Vasectomy is an increasingly popular and effective family planning method. A variety of vasectomy techniques are used worldwide, including vas occlusion techniques (excision and ligation, thermal or electrocautery, and mechanical and chemical occlusion methods), as well as vasectomy with vas irrigation or wi...
journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/14651858.CD003991.pub4
更新日期：2014-03-30 00:00:00
abstract：:This is the protocol for a review and there is no abstract. The objectives are as follows: To assess the effectiveness of red blood transfusions and hydroxyurea alone or in combination and HSCT to reduce or prevent SCI in people with SCD. ...
journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/14651858.CD012389
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
