Abstract:
:In this article, the author provides a brief description of the role of hypoxia in the tumorigenesis of gliomas and suggests potential ways of exploiting this role to design treatment modalities. Tumor hypoxia predicts the likelihood of metastases, tumor recurrence, resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy, invasive potential, and decreased patient survival for many human malignancies. Various methods of measurement of tumor hypoxia are discussed, including direct measurement and imaging methods. The role of hypoxia-responsive molecules, especially hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), in glioma tumorigenesis is explored. Treatment modalities regulated by hypoxia are proposed and some potential strategies reviewed. The progression of a low-grade astrocytoma to a glioblastoma multiforme may be mediated by hypoxia-induced phenotypic changes and subsequent clonal selection of cells that overexpress hypoxia-responsive molecules, such as HIF-1. In this model, intratumoral hypoxia causes genetic changes that produce a microenvironment that selects for cells of a more aggressive phenotype.
journal_name
Neurosurg Focusjournal_title
Neurosurgical focusauthors
Jensen RLdoi
10.3171/foc.2006.20.4.16subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-04-15 00:00:00pages
E24issue
4issn
1092-0684pii
200424journal_volume
20pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The use of the gallbladder as an alternative cerebrospinal fluid diversion site has been previously described in cases in which all other body cavities, such as the peritoneal cavity, right atrium, or pleural cavity, have been exhausted. Various ventriculogallbladder (VG) shunt complications have been described as wel...
journal_title:Neurosurgical focus
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3171/foc.2007.22.4.14
更新日期:2007-04-15 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECT:The safety and effectiveness of osteogenic protein (OP)-1 putty (recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-7) in promoting fusion in complex spinal cases was studied in nine cases. METHODS:The authors prospectively evaluated nine patients requiring spinal fusion in whom there were medical risk factors that w...
journal_title:Neurosurgical focus
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3171/foc.2002.13.6.5
更新日期:2002-12-15 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECT:Previous methods to determine stroke prevalence, such as nationwide surveys, are labor-intensive endeavors. Recent advances in search engine query analytics have led to a new metric for disease surveillance to evaluate symptomatic phenomenon, such as influenza. The authors hypothesized that the use of search eng...
journal_title:Neurosurgical focus
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3171/2011.2.FOCUS1124
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify and discuss operative nuances utilizing image guidance in the surgical management of aggressive sacral tumors. METHODS The authors report on their single-institution, multi-surgeon, retrospective case series involving patients with pathology-proven aggressive sacral tumo...
journal_title:Neurosurgical focus
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3171/2016.6.FOCUS16125
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Postischemic neurogenesis has been identified as a compensatory mechanism to repair the damaged brain after stroke. Several factors are released by the ischemic tissue that are responsible for proliferation, differentiation, and migration of neural stem cells. An understanding of their roles may allow future therapies...
journal_title:Neurosurgical focus
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3171/FOC/2008/24/3-4/E13
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECT:Fifteen hundred patients have received deep brain stimulation (DBS) to treat neuropathic pain refractory to pharmacotherapy over the last half-century, but few during the last decade. Deep brain stimulation for neuropathic pain has shown variable outcomes and gained consensus approval in Europe but not the US. T...
journal_title:Neurosurgical focus
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3171/2013.7.FOCUS1346
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the increasing prevalence of spinal infections, the subcategory of holospinal epidural abscesses (HEAs) is extremely infrequent and requires unique management. Panspinal imaging (preferably MRI), modern aggressive antibiotic therapy, and prompt surgical intervention remain the standard of care for all spinal a...
journal_title:Neurosurgical focus
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3171/2014.5.FOCUS14136
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Global outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has forced healthcare systems worldwide to reshape their facilities and protocols. Although not considered the frontline specialty in managing COVID-19 patients, neurosurgical service and training were also significantly affected. This article f...
journal_title:Neurosurgical focus
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3171/2020.9.FOCUS20559
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) represents 17% of the world's land, 14% of the population, and 1% of the gross domestic product. Previous reports have indicated that 81/500 African neurosurgeons (16.2%) worked in SSA-i.e., 1 neurosurgeon per 6 million inhabitants. Over the past decades, efforts have been made to imp...
journal_title:Neurosurgical focus
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3171/2019.12.FOCUS19853
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Surgery for cranial deformity was associated with significant surgical morbidity during the early part of the 20th century. For this reason, Harvey Cushing was initially not in favor of surgical treatment of craniosynostosis. Later in his career, Cushing began to operate on these children, although it never became a m...
journal_title:Neurosurgical focus
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.3171/2010.9.FOCUS10191
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tentorial dural arteriovenous fistulae (TDAVFs) are complex lesions with the arteriovenous fistula located between the leaves of the tentorium cerebelli. While a large portion of dural arteriovenous fistulae are treated endovascularly, TDAVF may require additional microsurgical treatment given their high risk of hemor...
journal_title:Neurosurgical focus
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3171/2016.1.FocusVid.15420
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECT:Obesity as a consequence of management of pediatric craniopharyngioma is a well-described phenomenon related to the degree of hypothalamic involvement. However, weight change and obesity have not been analyzed in adult patients. Therefore, the purpose of this study was 1) to evaluate the pattern of postoperative...
journal_title:Neurosurgical focus
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3171/2010.1.FOCUS09303
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sacral fractures are uncommon lesions and most often the result of high-energy trauma. Depending on the fracture location, neurological injury may be present in over 50% of cases. In this article, the authors conducted a comprehensive literature review on the epidemiology of sacral fractures, relevant anatomy of the s...
journal_title:Neurosurgical focus
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3171/2014.5.FOCUS1474
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The best management strategy for symptomatic vertebrobasilar ischemia is currently not well-defined. Noninvasive Optimal Vessel Analysis (NOVA, VasSol, Inc.) is computer software that, using quantitative magnetic resonance (MR) angiography technology, represents the only commercially available means of noninvasively m...
journal_title:Neurosurgical focus
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3171/FOC/2008/24/2/E14
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Choroid plexus tumors consist of papillomas and carcinomas. A variety of germline and somatic genetic changes have been demonstrated for each of these subtypes. In this paper, the authors summarize the current knowledge of the genetic bases of these tumors. ...
journal_title:Neurosurgical focus
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3171/foc.2006.20.1.11
更新日期:2006-01-15 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECT:The goal of this study was to evaluate the definition of treatment-resistant depression (TRD), review the literature regarding deep brain stimulation (DBS) for TRD, and identify potential anatomical and functional targets for future widespread clinical application. METHODS:A comprehensive literature review was ...
journal_title:Neurosurgical focus
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3171/FOC/2008/25/7/E3
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hypothalamic hamartomas (HHs) are developmental malformations associated with a range of neurological problems, including intractable seizures. There is increasing evidence of the epileptogenicity of the hamartoma and of the inhomogeneous distribution of the epileptic abnormalities within the malformation. The managem...
journal_title:Neurosurgical focus
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3171/2010.11.FOCUS10241
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECT:In this study the authors address the efficacy and safety of frameless stereotaxy in transsphenoidal surgery. METHODS:One thousand transsphenoidal operations were performed at the authors' institution between June 2000 and July 2005. This series consists of a retrospective review of 176 patients entered in a pr...
journal_title:Neurosurgical focus
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3171/foc.2006.20.2.10
更新日期:2006-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::Pituitary macroadenomas most frequently present with visual loss. Although transsphenoidal surgery remains the treatment of choice for patients with neurological manifestations, there have been several advances in its implementation over the last 5 years. Intraoperative magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has emerged as a...
journal_title:Neurosurgical focus
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3171/FOC-07/11/E12
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Incidental findings pose considerable management dilemmas for the treating physician and psychological burden for the respective patient. With an aging population, more patients will be diagnosed with asymptomatic internal carotid artery stenosis. Patients will have to be counseled with regard to treatment options acc...
journal_title:Neurosurgical focus
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3171/2011.9.FOCUS11222
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Complex posterior circulation aneurysms are formidable lesions with an abysmal natural history. Their management continues to present a challenge to both endovascular and open microsurgical approaches. Affording an expansive, combined supra- and infratentorial exposure, the petrosal approaches are well suited for thes...
journal_title:Neurosurgical focus
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.3171/2012.6.FOCUS12131
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECT:Mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI), often referred to as concussion when it occurs in sports, produces persistent cognitive problems in at least 15% of patients. Unfortunately, conventional neuropsychological tests usually yield results within normal limits in this population. The main objective of this event-re...
journal_title:Neurosurgical focus
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3171/2012.10.FOCUS12253
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Subarachnoid-pleural fistula is a rare type of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistula, and there are only several cases reported in the literature. The authors describe a 65-year-old male patient in whom a diagnosis of T7-8 disc herniation had been made. He underwent surgery via a right lateral extracavitary approach. Post...
journal_title:Neurosurgical focus
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3171/foc.2000.9.1.9
更新日期:2000-07-15 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECT:The object of this study was to compare the effects and complications of manual and computer-aided shaping of titanium meshes for repairing large frontotemporoparietal skull defects following traumatic brain injury. METHODS:From March 2005 to June 2011, 161 patients with frontotemporoparietal skull defects were...
journal_title:Neurosurgical focus
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3171/2012.2.FOCUS129
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECT:In this report the authors review the role of bioinformatics in the design of a research project in which the molecular genetics of malignant glioma were studied. A project to characterize Pokemon expression in malignant glioma was developed, refined, and implemented using bioinformatics methods. METHODS:Using ...
journal_title:Neurosurgical focus
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3171/foc.2005.19.4.9
更新日期:2005-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Seizures and epilepsy are frequent clinical manifestations of cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) and represent the most common symptomatic presentation of supratentorial lesions. Clinicians often diagnose CCMs in patients after a first seizure, or in some cases after obtaining neuroimaging studies in patients suf...
journal_title:Neurosurgical focus
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3171/foc.2006.21.1.8
更新日期:2006-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::Stereotactic radiosurgery is commonly used for selected patients with benign cranial base tumors. The goal of radiosurgery is cessation of tumor growth and preservation of neurological function. Over the last 2 decades, the technique of radiosurgery has evolved due to improved imaging, better radiosurgical devices and...
journal_title:Neurosurgical focus
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3171/FOC/2008/24/5/E11
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stereotactic radiosurgery is an effective management strategy for properly selected patients with arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). However, the risk of postradiosurgical radiation-related injury is higher in patients with large AVMs. Multistaged volumetric management of large AVMs was undertaken to limit the radiat...
journal_title:Neurosurgical focus
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3171/2014.6.FOCUS14217
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intramedullary spinal cord cavernous malformations account for approximately 5% of all intraspinal lesions. These lesions can present with either acute neurological compromise secondary to hemorrhage inside the spinal cord, or with chronic progressive myelopathy due to repeated microhemorrhages. Surgical resection of ...
journal_title:Neurosurgical focus
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3171/2014.V3.FOCUS14155
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECT:Tumors involving the cervicothoracic junction can have a high propensity for causing instability, with kyphosis and spinal cord compression resulting. Treatment with decompression only can lead to further instability and worsening neurological status. In this article, the authors review their surgical experience...
journal_title:Neurosurgical focus
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3171/foc.2003.15.5.3
更新日期:2003-11-15 00:00:00