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Associations between red blood cell variants and malaria among children and adults from three areas of Uganda: a prospective cohort study.

Abstract：

BACKGROUND:Multiple red blood cell (RBC) variants appear to offer protection against the most severe forms of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Associations between these variants and uncomplicated malaria are less clear. METHODS:Data from a longitudinal cohort study conducted in 3 sub-counties in Uganda was used to quantify associations between three red blood cell variants Hb [AA, AS, S (rs334)], alpha thalassaemia 3.7 kb deletion, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency A-(G6PD 202A genotype) and malaria incidence, parasite prevalence, parasite density (a measure of anti-parasite immunity) and body temperature adjusted for parasite density (a measure of anti-disease immunity). All analyses were adjusted for age, average household entomological inoculation rate, and study site. Results for all variants were compared to those for wild type genotypes. RESULTS:In children, HbAS was associated, compared to wild type, with a lower incidence of malaria (IRR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.66-0.92, p = 0.003), lower parasite density upon infection (PR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.51-0.85, p = 0.001), and lower body temperature for any given parasite density (- 0.13 ℃, 95% CI - 0.21, - 0.05, p = 0.002). In children, HbSS was associated with a lower incidence of malaria (IRR = 0.17, 95% CI 0.04-0.71, p = 0.02) and lower parasite density upon infection (PR = 0.31, 95% CI 0.18-0.54, p < 0.001). α-/αα thalassaemia, was associated with higher parasite prevalence in both children and adults (RR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.06-1.43, p = 0.008 and RR = 1.52, 95% CI 1.04-2.23, p = 0.03, respectively). G6PD deficiency was associated with lower body temperature for any given parasite density only among male hemizygote children (- 0.19 ℃, 95% CI - 0.31, - 0.06, p = 0.003). CONCLUSION:RBC variants were associated with non-severe malaria outcomes. Elucidation of the mechanisms by which they confer protection will improve understanding of genetic protection against malaria.

journal_name

Malar J

journal_title

Malaria journal

authors

Kakande E,Greenhouse B,Bajunirwe F,Drakeley C,Nankabirwa JI,Walakira A,Nsobya SL,Katureebe A,Rek J,Arinaitwe E,Rosenthal PJ,Kamya MR,Dorsey G,Rodriguez-Barraquer I

doi

10.1186/s12936-020-3105-3

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2020-01-15 00:00:00

pages

issue

issn

1475-2875

pii

10.1186/s12936-020-3105-3

journal_volume

pub_type

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Associations between red blood cell variants and malaria among children and adults from three areas of Uganda: a prospective cohort study.