Abstract：
:This study investigated contrast summation over area for moving targets applied to a fixed-size contrast pedestal-a technique originally developed by Meese and Summers (2007) to demonstrate strong spatial summation of contrast for static patterns at suprathreshold contrast levels. Target contrast increments (drifting gratings) were applied to either the entire 20% contrast pedestal (a full fixed-size drifting grating), or in the configuration of a checkerboard pattern in which the target increment was applied to every alternate check region. These checked stimuli are known as "Battenberg patterns" and the sizes of the checks were varied (within a fixed overall area), across conditions, to measure summation behavior. Results showed that sensitivity to an increment covering the full pedestal was significantly higher than that for the Battenberg patterns (areal summation). Two observers showed strong summation across all check sizes (0.71°-3.33°), and for two other observers the summation ratio dropped to levels consistent with probability summation once check size reached 2.00°. Therefore, areal summation with moving targets does operate at high contrast, and is subserved by relatively large receptive fields covering a square area extending up to at least 3.33° × 3.33° for some observers. Previous studies in which the spatial structure of the pedestal and target covaried were unable to demonstrate spatial summation, potentially due to increasing amounts of suppression from gain-control mechanisms which increases as pedestal size increases. This study shows that when this is controlled, by keeping the pedestal the same across all conditions, extensive summation can be demonstrated.
journal_name
J Visjournal_title
Journal of visionauthors
McDougall TJ,Dickinson JE,Badcock DRdoi
10.1167/18.4.20subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-04-01 00:00:00pages
20issue
4issn
1534-7362pii
2679834journal_volume
18pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:How do we interpret the rapidly changing visual stimuli we encounter? How does our past visual experience shape our perception? Recent work has suggested that our visual system is able to interpret multiple faces presented temporally via integration or ensemble coding. Visual adaptation is widely used to probe such sh...
journal_title：Journal of vision
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journal_title：Journal of vision
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journal_title：Journal of vision
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journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of vision
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更新日期：2004-02-27 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2020-12-02 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/jov.20.10.15
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/6.8.4
更新日期：2006-07-14 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/12.13.18
更新日期：2012-12-21 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2019-09-03 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/15.15.11
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2014-12-10 00:00:00
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更新日期：2020-03-17 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of vision
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journal_title：Journal of vision
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更新日期：2006-09-22 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/10.3.13
更新日期：2010-03-29 00:00:00
abstract：:Masking is said to occur when a mask stimulus interferes with the visibility of a target (test) stimulus. One widely held view of this process supposes interactions between mask and test mechanisms (cross-channel masking), and explicit models (e.g., J. M. Foley, 1994) have proposed that the interactions are inhibitory...
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2004-10-18 00:00:00
