Abstract:
:Traditional models of visual search such as feature integration theory (FIT; Treisman & Gelade, 1980), have suggested that a key factor determining task difficulty consists of whether or not the search target contains a "basic feature" not found in the other display items (distractors). Here we discriminate between such traditional models and our recent texture tiling model (TTM) of search (Rosenholtz, Huang, Raj, Balas, & Ilie, 2012b), by designing new experiments that directly pit these models against each other. Doing so is nontrivial, for two reasons. First, the visual representation in TTM is fully specified, and makes clear testable predictions, but its complexity makes getting intuitions difficult. Here we elucidate a rule of thumb for TTM, which enables us to easily design new and interesting search experiments. FIT, on the other hand, is somewhat ill-defined and hard to pin down. To get around this, rather than designing totally new search experiments, we start with five classic experiments that FIT already claims to explain: T among Ls, 2 among 5s, Q among Os, O among Qs, and an orientation/luminance-contrast conjunction search. We find that fairly subtle changes in these search tasks lead to significant changes in performance, in a direction predicted by TTM, providing definitive evidence in favor of the texture tiling model as opposed to traditional views of search.
journal_name
J Visjournal_title
Journal of visionauthors
Chang H,Rosenholtz Rdoi
10.1167/16.10.13subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-08-01 00:00:00pages
13issue
10issn
1534-7362pii
2546342journal_volume
16pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Visual crowding refers to the marked inability to identify an otherwise perfectly identifiable object when it is flanked by other objects. Crowding places a significant limit on form vision in the visual periphery; its mechanism is, however, unknown. Building on the method of signal-clamped classification images (Tjan...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/7.2.5
更新日期:2007-02-07 00:00:00
abstract::Although luminance and color are thought to be processed independently at early stages of visual processing, there is evidence that they interact at later stages. For example, chromatic information has been shown to enhance or suppress depth from luminance depending on whether chromatic edges are aligned or orthogonal...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1167/13.5.16
更新日期:2013-04-18 00:00:00
abstract::This work examines how context may influence the detection of changes in flickering scenes. Each scene contained two changes that were matched for low-level visual salience. One of the changes was of high interest to the meaning of the scene, and the other was of lower interest. High-interest changes were more readily...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/3.1.1
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::During observation of an ambiguous Necker cube, our percept changes spontaneously although the external stimulus does not. An EEG paradigm allowing time-resolved EEG measurement during endogenous perceptual reversals recently revealed a chain of ERP correlates beginning with an early occipital positivity at around 130...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/11.9.12
更新日期:2011-08-24 00:00:00
abstract::For the linear discrimination of two stimuli in white Gaussian noise in the presence of internal noise, a method is described for estimating linear classification weights from the sum of noise images segregated by stimulus and response. The recommended method for combining the two response images for the same stimulus...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/2.1.8
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In retinotopically organized areas of the macaque visual cortex, neurons have been found that shift their receptive fields before a saccade to their postsaccadic position. This saccadic remapping has been interpreted as a mechanism contributing to perceptual stability of space across eye movements. So far, there is on...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/8.14.9
更新日期:2008-10-23 00:00:00
abstract::Blur is an important attribute of human spatial vision, and sensitivity to blur has been the subject of considerable experimental research and theoretical modeling. Often, these models have invoked specialized concepts or mechanisms, such as intrinsic blur, multiple spatial frequency channels, or blur estimation units...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1167/11.5.10
更新日期:2011-09-19 00:00:00
abstract::In early retinotopic areas of the human visual system, information from the left and right visual hemifields (VHFs) is processed contralaterally in two hemispheres. Despite this segregation, we have the perceptual experience of a unified, coherent, and uninterrupted single visual field. How exactly the visual system i...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/14.12.30
更新日期:2014-10-27 00:00:00
abstract::Introducing blur into the color components of a natural scene has very little effect on its percept, whereas blur introduced into the luminance component is very noticeable. Here we quantify the dominance of luminance information in blur detection and examine a number of potential causes. We show that the interaction ...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/13.4.14
更新日期:2013-03-22 00:00:00
abstract::Perceptual learning involves modification of cortical processes so that transfer to new task variants depends on neuronal representation overlap. Neuron selectivity varies with cortical level, so that the degree of transfer should depend on training-induced modification level. We ask how different can stimuli be, how ...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/11.1.8
更新日期:2011-01-07 00:00:00
abstract::Features of moving objects are non-retinotopically integrated along their motion trajectories as demonstrated by a variety of recent studies. The mechanisms of non-retinotopic feature integration are largely unknown. Here, we investigated the role of attention in non-retinotopic feature integration by using the sequen...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/10.12.8
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigated the relative contributions of overt and covert attention on the apparent anticipatory nature of attention in two experiments, using two different object tracking tasks, both combined with a probe detection task. In Experiment 1, we investigated the distribution of attention for overtly and cove...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/17.4.3
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The visual span for reading is the number of letters that can be recognized without moving the eyes and is hypothesized to impose a sensory limitation on reading speed. Factors affecting the size of the visual span have been studied using alphabet letters. There may be common constraints applying to recognition of oth...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/14.8.6
更新日期:2014-07-03 00:00:00
abstract::Natural scenes contain both color and luminance variations at different sizes and orientations that are sometimes spatially overlaid and sometimes not. Here, we explore visual interactions between overlaid color and luminance contrast that are both suprathreshold and highly visible. We used a color-luminance plaid in ...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/16.11.15
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::When haptically exploring softness, humans use higher peak forces when indenting harder versus softer objects. Here, we investigated the influence of different channels and types of prior knowledge on initial peak forces. Participants explored two stimuli (hard vs. soft) and judged which was softer. In Experiment 1 pa...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/19.4.20
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adaptation to specific visuomotor mappings becomes faster when switching back and forth between them. What is learned when repeatedly switching between the visuomotor mappings: the absolute mappings or the relative shift between the mappings? To test this, we trained participants in a rapid pointing task using a uniqu...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/13.2.26
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The visual representation of the world is often assumed to be retinotopic, and many visual brain areas are indeed organized retinotopically. Visual perception, however, is not based on a reference frame anchored in retinotopic coordinates. For example, when an object moves, motion of its constituent parts is perceived...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/16.3.26
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::During visual fixation, microscopic eye movements shift the image on the retina over a large number of photoreceptors. Although these movements have been investigated for almost a century, the amount of retinal image motion they create remains unclear. Currently available estimates rely on assumptions about the probab...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/12.6.31
更新日期:2012-06-22 00:00:00
abstract::It was previously shown that sensitivity improvements to a task-irrelevant motion direction can be obtained when it is presented in concurrence with observers' performance of an attended task (A. R. Seitz & T. Watanabe, 2003; T. Watanabe, J. E. Náñez, & Y. Sasaki, 2001). To test whether this task-irrelevant perceptual...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/7.13.2
更新日期:2007-10-12 00:00:00
abstract::One approach toward understanding how vision computes surface lightness is to first determine what principles govern lightness in simple stimuli and then test whether these hold for more complex stimuli. Gilchrist (2006) proposed that in the simplest images that produce the experience of a surface (two surfaces differ...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/14.13.25
更新日期:2014-11-25 00:00:00
abstract::Although it is known that a moving stimulus appears to dilate in duration compared to a stationary stimulus, whether subjective motion devoid of stimulus motion is sufficient remains unknown. To elucidate this, we used a motion illusion in which an actually static stimulus clearly appears to move, a useful dissociatio...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/16.14.2
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability to pursue moving objects with the eyes is vital to humans. However, it remains unclear how the brain differentiates visual object motion, smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEM), and eye movement-induced relative motion on the retina and where visual-to-oculomotor transformation takes place. To characterize fu...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/10.14.21
更新日期:2010-12-20 00:00:00
abstract::Whenever two or more sensory inputs are highly consistent in one or more dimension(s), observers will be more likely to perceive them as a single multisensory event rather than as separate unimodal events. For audiovisual speech, but not for other noncommunicative events, participants exhibit a "unity effect," whereby...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/8.9.14
更新日期:2008-07-29 00:00:00
abstract::When the visual system is confronted with incompatible images in the same part of the visual field, the conscious percept switches back and forth between the rivaling stimuli. Such spontaneous flips provide important clues to the neuronal basis for visual awareness. The general idea is that two representations compete...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/6.4.1
更新日期:2006-02-21 00:00:00
abstract::Communication is critical for normal, everyday life. During a conversation, information is conveyed in a number of ways, including through body, head, and facial changes. While much research has examined these latter forms of communication, the majority of it has focused on static representations of a few, supposedly ...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/9.13.7
更新日期:2009-12-07 00:00:00
abstract::Subjects develop a preferred retinal locus of fixation (PRL) under simulation of central scotoma. If systematic relocations are applied to the stimulus position, PRLs manifest at a location in favor of the stimulus relocation. The present study investigates whether the induced PRL is transferred to important visual ta...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/17.14.2
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The benefits of binocular vision have been debated throughout the history of vision science yet few studies have considered its contribution beyond a viewing distance of a few meters. In the first set of experiments, we compared monocular and binocular performance on depth interval estimation and discrimination tasks ...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/9.1.10
更新日期:2009-01-13 00:00:00
abstract::Previous research has suggested that correctly placed objects facilitate eye guidance, but also that objects violating spatial associations within scenes may be prioritized for selection and subsequent inspection. We analyzed the respective eye guidance of spatial expectations and target template (precise picture or v...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/15.2.12
更新日期:2015-02-10 00:00:00
abstract::Previous work on the straddle effect in contrast perception (Foley, 2011; Graham & Wolfson, 2007; Wolfson & Graham, 2007, 2009) has used visual patterns and observer tasks of the type known as spatially second-order. After adaptation of about 1 s to a grid of Gabor patches all at one contrast, a second-order test patt...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/18.5.15
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Detection of low-contrast Gabor patches (GPs) is improved when flanked by collinear GPs, whereas suppression is observed for high-contrast GPs. The facilitation resembles the principles of Gestalt theory of perceptual organization. We propose a model for contour integration in the context of noise that incorporates a ...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/8.7.17
更新日期:2008-07-07 00:00:00