Abstract:
:One approach toward understanding how vision computes surface lightness is to first determine what principles govern lightness in simple stimuli and then test whether these hold for more complex stimuli. Gilchrist (2006) proposed that in the simplest images that produce the experience of a surface (two surfaces differing in luminance that fill the entire visual field) lightness can be predicted based on two anchoring rules: the highest luminance rule and the area rule, plus a scale normalization. To test whether these anchoring rules hold when critical features of the stimuli are varied, we probed lightness in simple stimuli, painted onto the inside of hemispheric domes viewed under diffuse lighting. We find that although the highest luminance surface appears nearly white across a large variation in illumination (as predicted by the highest luminance rule), its lightness tends to increase as its luminance increases. This effect is small relative to the size of the overall luminance change. Further, we find that when the darker region fills more than half of the visual field, it appears to lighten with further increases in area but only if it is a single surface. Splitting the dark region into smaller sectors that cover an equal cumulative area diminishes or eliminates the area effect.
journal_name
J Visjournal_title
Journal of visionauthors
Radonjić A,Gilchrist ALdoi
10.1167/14.13.25subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-11-25 00:00:00pages
25issue
13issn
1534-7362pii
14.13.25journal_volume
14pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Previous studies have reported that concurrent manual tracking enhances smooth pursuit eye movements only when tracking a self-driven or a predictable moving target. Here, we used a control-theoretic approach to examine whether concurrent manual tracking enhances smooth pursuit of an unpredictable moving target. In th...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/15.15.11
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Amblyopia results in a severe loss of positional information and in the ability to accurately enumerate objects (V. Sharma, D. M. Levi, & S. A. Klein, 2000). In this study, we asked whether amblyopia also disrupts the ability to track a near-threshold change in the trajectory of a single target amongst multiple simila...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/6.12.3
更新日期:2006-11-28 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the role of global optic flow for visual-motor adaptation of walking direction. In an immersive virtual environment, observers walked to a circular target lying on either a homogeneous ground plane (target-motion condition) or a textured ground plane (ground-flow condition). During adaptation trials, w...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/11.3.15
更新日期:2011-03-22 00:00:00
abstract::Signal detection theory (SDT) asserts that sensory analysis is limited only by noise, and not by the number of stimuli analysed. To test this claim, we measured the accuracy of visual search for a single tilted element (the target) among 7 horizontal elements (distractors) using several different exposure durations, e...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/1.1.2
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Perceived stereoscopic slant around a vertical axis is strongly underestimated for isolated surfaces, suggesting that neither uniocular image compression nor linear gradients of absolute disparity are very effective cues. However, slant increases to a level close to geometric prediction if gradients of relative dispar...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/16.5.16
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Progression of retinal degeneration in a mouse model was studied in vivo with high-resolution spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Imaging in 3D with high depth resolution (<3 mum), SD-OCT resolved all the major layers of the retina of control C57BL/6J mice. Images of transgenic mice having a null mu...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/8.1.17
更新日期:2008-01-24 00:00:00
abstract::This study examined the role of spatiotemporal feature attribution in the perception of the visual size of objects. A small or a large leading disk, a test disk of variable size, and a probe disk of a fixed size were sequentially presented at the same position for durations of 16.7 ms with interstimulus intervals of 1...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/8.8.7
更新日期:2008-06-12 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies have shown that an odd-colored target among uniformly colored distractors can be rapidly detected and localized using broadly distributed attention over an entire display. In the current study, we show that such a broadly distributed attentional allocation is not sufficient for seemingly effortless go...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/6.9.11
更新日期:2006-08-30 00:00:00
abstract::A new type of visual display for presentation of a visual stimulus with high quality was assessed. The characteristics of an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display (Sony PVM-2541, 24.5 in.; Sony Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) were measured in detail from the viewpoint of its applicability to visual psychophysics. We ...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/13.7.6
更新日期:2013-06-11 00:00:00
abstract::Much research has been directed toward disentangling the "units" of attention: Is attention directed to locations in space, visual objects, or to individual features of an object? Moreover, there is considerable interest in whether attention increases the gain of neural mechanisms (signal enhancement) or acts by other...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/2.9.1
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The organization of human lateral occipitotemporal cortex (lOTC) has been characterized largely according to two distinct principles: retinotopy and category-selectivity. Whereas category-selective regions were originally thought to exist beyond retinotopic maps, recent evidence highlights overlap. Here, we combined d...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/16.6.14
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sensory neurons represent stimulus information with sequences of action potentials that differ across repeated measurements. This variability limits the information that can be extracted from momentary observations of a neuron's response. It is often assumed that integrating responses over time mitigates this limitati...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/18.8.8
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a wide variety of neural systems, neurons tuned to a primary dimension of interest often have responses that are modulated in a multiplicative manner by other features such as stimulus intensity or contrast. In this methodological study, we present a demonstration that it is possible to use psychophysical experimen...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/16.9.1
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Visual short-term memory (VSTM) has been described as being limited by the number of discrete visual objects, the aggregate quantity of information across multiple visual objects, or some combination of the two. Many recent studies examining these capacity limitations have shown that increasing the number of items in ...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/19.1.2
更新日期:2019-01-02 00:00:00
abstract::A common finding in oddity search, a search in which the target is unknown but defined to be different from the distractors, is that human performance remains insensitive or even improves with number of distractors (set size). A number of explanations based on perceptual and attentional mechanisms have been proposed t...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/7.10.1
更新日期:2007-07-06 00:00:00
abstract::In visual crowding, identification of a peripheral object is impaired by nearby objects. Recent studies have demonstrated that crowding is not limited only to interaction between low-level features or parts, as presumed by most models of crowding, but can also occur between high-level, configural representations of ob...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/17.11.7
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Measurements of area summation for luminance-modulated stimuli are typically confounded by variations in sensitivity across the retina. Recently we conducted a detailed analysis of sensitivity across the visual field (Baldwin, Meese, & Baker, 2012) and found it to be well described by a bilinear "witch's hat" function...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/15.15.4
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Humans are remarkably well tuned to the statistical properties of natural images. However, quantitative characterization of processing within the domain of natural images has been difficult because most parametric manipulations of a natural image make that image appear less natural. We used generative adversarial netw...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/18.11.20
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous work on the straddle effect in contrast perception (Foley, 2011; Graham & Wolfson, 2007; Wolfson & Graham, 2007, 2009) has used visual patterns and observer tasks of the type known as spatially second-order. After adaptation of about 1 s to a grid of Gabor patches all at one contrast, a second-order test patt...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/18.5.15
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Research in the Visual Development Unit on "dorsal stream vulnerability' (DSV) arose from research in two somewhat different areas. In the first, using cortical milestones for local and global processing from our neurobiological model, we identified cerebral visual impairment in infants in the first year of life. In t...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1167/17.3.26
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Changes to the visual environment can happen at many timescales, from very transient to semi-permanent. To adapt optimally, the visual system also adjusts at different timescales, with longer-lasting environmental changes producing longer-lasting effects, but how the visual system adapts in this way remains unknown. H...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/13.10.14
更新日期:2013-08-26 00:00:00
abstract::Previously demonstrated learning effects in shifts of transient attention have only been shown to result in beneficial effects upon secondary discrimination tasks and affect landing points of express saccades. Can such learning result in more direct effects upon perception than previously demonstrated? Observers perfo...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/9.4.21
更新日期:2009-04-24 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding how the human brain discriminates complex visual patterns, such as individual faces, is an important issue in Vision Science. Here we tested sensitivity to individual faces using steady-state visual-evoked potentials (SSVEPs). Twelve participants were presented with 90-s sequences of faces appearing at a...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/11.2.16
更新日期:2011-02-23 00:00:00
abstract::Studying human behavior in the natural context of everyday visual tasks--including locomotor tasks such as driving--can reveal visual strategies or even suggest underlying visual mechanisms. This paper reviews empirical and theoretical work in the past 20 years (1994-2014) on the visual control of steering a vehicle a...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1167/14.12.21
更新日期:2014-10-21 00:00:00
abstract::Whenever two or more sensory inputs are highly consistent in one or more dimension(s), observers will be more likely to perceive them as a single multisensory event rather than as separate unimodal events. For audiovisual speech, but not for other noncommunicative events, participants exhibit a "unity effect," whereby...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/8.9.14
更新日期:2008-07-29 00:00:00
abstract::A 2D perspective image of a slanted rectangular object is sufficient for a strong 3D percept. Two computational assumptions that could be used to interpret 3D from images of rectangles are as follows: (1) converging lines in an image are parallel in the world, and (2) skewed angles in an image are orthogonal in the wo...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/7.6.7
更新日期:2007-04-13 00:00:00
abstract::Stimuli appearing in the surround of the classical receptive field (CRF) can reduce neuronal firing and perceived contrast of a preferred stimulus in the CRF, a phenomenon referred to as surround suppression. Suppression is greatest when the surrounding stimulus has the same orientation and spatial frequency (SF) as t...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/15.1.29
更新日期:2015-01-28 00:00:00
abstract::Chromatic vision starts at the retinal photoreceptors but photoreceptors are themselves color-blind, responding only to their effective quantal catch and not to the wavelength of the caught photon per se. Mitchell and Rushton (1971) termed this phenomenon the univariance concept, and it is widely used in designing sil...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/19.5.14
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intuitively, extrapolating object trajectories should make visual tracking more accurate. This has proven to be true in many contexts that involve tracking a single item. But surprisingly, when tracking multiple identical items in what is known as "multiple object tracking," observers often appear to ignore direction ...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/14.12.12
更新日期:2014-10-13 00:00:00
abstract::In typical natural environments, the visual system receives different inputs in quick succession as gaze moves around. We examined whether local trans-saccadic differences in luminance, contrast, and orientation influenced perception and target selection in the eye movement system. Observers initially fixated a periph...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/12.13.14
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00