Urodynamic investigations for management of urinary incontinence in adults.

abstract：BACKGROUND:Diseases caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) continue to cause substantial morbidity and mortality globally. Whilst pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines (PPVs) have the potential to prevent disease and death, the degree of protection afforded against various clinical endpoints and within diffe...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Moberley S,Holden J,Tatham DP,Andrews RM

更新日期：2013-01-31 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Sepsis is a common and frequently fatal condition. Human recombinant activated protein C (APC) has been used to reduce the high rate of death by severe sepsis or septic shock. This is an update of a Cochrane review (originally published in 2007 and updated in 2008). OBJECTIVES:We assessed the clinical effec...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Martí-Carvajal AJ,Solà I,Lathyris D,Cardona AF

更新日期：2011-04-13 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Emergency contraception (EC) is using a drug or copper intrauterine device (Cu-IUD) to prevent pregnancy shortly after unprotected intercourse. Several interventions are available for EC. Information on the comparative effectiveness, safety and convenience of these methods is crucial for reproductive healthc...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Cheng L,Che Y,Gülmezoglu AM

更新日期：2012-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Even low levels of substance misuse by people with a severe mental illness can have detrimental effects. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effects of psychosocial interventions for reduction in substance use in people with a serious mental illness compared with standard care. SEARCH METHODS:The Information Speciali...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Hunt GE,Siegfried N,Morley K,Brooke-Sumner C,Cleary M

更新日期：2019-12-12 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Eczema is a chronic skin disease characterised by dry skin, intense itching, inflammatory skin lesions, and a considerable impact on quality of life. Moisturisation is an integral part of treatment, but it is unclear if moisturisers are effective. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effects of moisturisers for eczema....

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： van Zuuren EJ,Fedorowicz Z,Christensen R,Lavrijsen A,Arents BWM

更新日期：2017-02-06 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:This is one of a series of reviews of methods of cervical ripening and labour induction using standardised methodology. The use of complementary therapies is increasing and some women look to complementary therapies during pregnancy and childbirth to be used alongside conventional medical practice. Acupunctu...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Smith CA,Crowther CA,Grant SJ

更新日期：2013-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Dental implants require sufficient bone to be adequately stabilised. For some patients implant treatment would not be an option without bone augmentation. A variety of materials and surgical techniques are available for bone augmentation. OBJECTIVES:General objectives: To test the null hypothesis of no diff...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Esposito M,Grusovin MG,Worthington HV,Coulthard P

更新日期：2006-01-25 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Herbal medicines are being used as a treatment for viral diseases such as viral myocarditis and numerous clinical trials have been conducted to investigate their efficacy. Despite this wealth of evidence, the role of herbal medicines in the treatment of viral myocarditis is yet to be established. This is an ...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Liu ZL,Liu ZJ,Liu JP,Kwong JS

更新日期：2012-11-14 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Radiotherapy as part of head and neck cancer treatment leaves patients requiring much dental rehabilitation in a compromised environment that is difficult for the patient and the dental team to manage. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effects of maintaining the patient's natural dentition during radiotherapy in com...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Eliyas S,Al-Khayatt A,Porter RW,Briggs P

更新日期：2013-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Dysvascularity accounts for 75% of all lower limb amputations in the UK. Around 37% of these procedures are done at the transfemoral level (mid-thigh), with most patients over the age of 60 and having existing comorbidities. A significant number of these amputees are prescribed a lower limb prosthesis for wa...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Barr S,Howe TE

更新日期：2018-10-23 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Rubefacients (containing salicylates or nicotinamides) cause irritation of the skin, and are believed to relieve various musculoskeletal pains. They are available on prescription, and are common components in over-the-counter remedies. A non-Cochrane review in 2004 found limited evidence for efficacy. OBJEC...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Matthews P,Derry S,Moore RA,McQuay HJ

更新日期：2009-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage who develop spasm of the cerebral arteries may suffer from delayed cerebral ischaemia. This may be exacerbated by reduced circulatory volume. Intravenous fluid therapy to expand the circulating volume might reduce the risk of delayed cerebral ischaemia and so reduce the...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Feigin VL,Rinkel GJ,Algra A,van Gijn J

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:School tobacco policies (STPs) might prove to be a promising strategy to prevent smoking initiation among adolescents, as there is evidence that the school environment can influence young people to smoke. STPs are cheap, relatively easy to implement and have a wide reach, but it is not clear whether this app...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Coppo A,Galanti MR,Giordano L,Buscemi D,Bremberg S,Faggiano F

更新日期：2014-10-24 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The provision of training for foster carers is now seen as an important factor contributing to the successful outcome of foster care placements. It is believed to be associated with enhancing caring attitudes and skills, reducing behaviour problems in foster children, improving relationships between foster c...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Turner W,Macdonald GM,Dennis JA

更新日期：2005-04-18 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The partogram (sometimes known as partograph) is usually a pre-printed paper form on which labour observations are recorded. The aim of the partogram is to provide a pictorial overview of labour, to alert midwives and obstetricians to deviations in maternal or fetal wellbeing and labour progress. Charts ofte...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Lavender T,Hart A,Smyth RM

更新日期：2012-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations are abnormal direct connections between the pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein which result in a right-to-left shunt. They are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality mainly from the effects of paradoxical emboli. Potential complications include stroke, cere...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Hsu CC,Kwan GN,Thompson SA,van Driel ML

更新日期：2010-05-12 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:While all asthma consensus statements recommend the use of written action plan (WAP) as a central part of asthma management, a recent systematic review of randomised trials highlighted the paucity of trials where the only difference between groups was the provision or not of a written action plan. OBJECTIVE...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Bhogal S,Zemek R,Ducharme FM

更新日期：2006-07-19 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Several trials have studied the role of altered fractionation radiotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, but the effect of such treatment on survival is not clear. OBJECTIVES:The aim of this individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis was to assess whether this type of radiotherapy could improve...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Baujat B,Bourhis J,Blanchard P,Overgaard J,Ang KK,Saunders M,Le Maître A,Bernier J,Horiot JC,Maillard E,Pajak TF,Poulsen MG,Bourredjem A,O'Sullivan B,Dobrowsky W,Andrzej H,Skladowski K,Hay JH,Pinto LH,Fu KK,Fallai

更新日期：2010-12-08 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The pain of mammography is recognised as a significant deterrent for women considering this examination, and may affect participation in breast screening. OBJECTIVES:To review interventions to reduce or relieve the pain and discomfort of screening mammography. SEARCH STRATEGY:For this update, the Cochrane ...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Miller D,Livingstone V,Herbison P

更新日期：2008-01-23 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Lack of physical stimulation may contribute to metabolic bone disease of preterm infants, resulting in poor bone mineralization and growth. Physical activity programs combined with adequate nutrition might help to promote bone mineralization and growth. OBJECTIVES:The primary objective was to assess whether...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Schulzke SM,Kaempfen S,Trachsel D,Patole SK

更新日期：2014-04-22 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Airway oedema and mucus plugging are the predominant pathological features in infants with acute viral bronchiolitis. Nebulised hypertonic saline solution may reduce these pathological changes and decrease airway obstruction. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effects of nebulised hypertonic (≥ 3%) saline solution in...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Zhang L,Mendoza-Sassi RA,Wainwright C,Klassen TP

更新日期：2013-07-31 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive multisystem disorder with an approximate prevalence of 1 in 3500 live births. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is a lung disease caused by aspergillus-induced hypersensitivity with a prevalence of 2% to 15% in people with cystic fibrosis. The mainstay of treat...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Jat KR,Walia DK,Khairwa A

更新日期：2013-09-17 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Schizophrenia is usually considered an illness of young adulthood. However, onset after the age of 40 years is reported in 23% of patients hospitalised with schizophrenia. At least 0.1% of the world's elderly population have a diagnosis of late-onset schizophrenia which seems to differ from earlier onset sch...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Essali A,Ali G

更新日期：2012-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Intravenous thrombolytic therapy is the standard care for patients with acute myocardial infarction, based upon its widespread availability and ability to reduce patient mortality well demonstrated in randomised trials. Despite its proven efficacy, thrombolytic therapy has limitations. Many patients are inel...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Cucherat M,Bonnefoy E,Tremeau G

更新日期：2007-07-18 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Recurrent apnea is common in preterm infants, particularly at very early gestational ages. These episodes of loss of effective breathing can lead to hypoxemia and bradycardia which may be severe enough to require resuscitation including use of positive pressure ventilation. Two forms of methylxanthine (caffe...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Steer PA,Henderson-Smart DJ

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Advantages of early pregnancy ultrasound screening are thought to be more accurate calculation of gestational age, earlier identification of multiple pregnancies, and diagnosis of non-viable pregnancies and certain fetal malformations. OBJECTIVES:The objective of this review was to assess the use of routine...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Neilson JP

更新日期：2010-04-14 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:5-Aminosalicylates (5-ASA) are considered a first-line therapy for inducing and maintaining remission of mild to moderately active ulcerative colitis (UC). When inflammation in UC is limited to the distal colon, 5-ASA can also be administered rectally as a suppository, enema or foam. OBJECTIVES:A systematic...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Marshall JK,Thabane M,Steinhart AH,Newman JR,Anand A,Irvine EJ

更新日期：2010-01-20 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Anthelminthic drugs may shrink brain cysts in neurocysticercosis, but can also cause severe adverse effects. OBJECTIVES:The objective of this review was to assess the effects of drug treatment in human neurocysticercosis in relation to survival, cyst persistence, subsequent seizures and hydrocephalus. SEAR...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Salinas R,Prasad K

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Testing for carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) in the blood is a recommended part of follow-up to detect recurrence of colorectal cancer following primary curative treatment. There is substantial clinical variation in the cut-off level applied to trigger further investigation. OBJECTIVES:To determine the diagn...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Nicholson BD,Shinkins B,Pathiraja I,Roberts NW,James TJ,Mallett S,Perera R,Primrose JN,Mant D

更新日期：2015-12-10 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) comprises a group of hereditary eye diseases characterized by progressive degeneration of retinal photoreceptors. It results in severe visual loss that may lead to legal blindness. Symptoms may become manifest during childhood or adulthood, and include poor night vision (nyctalopia)...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Rayapudi S,Schwartz SG,Wang X,Chavis P

更新日期：2013-12-19 00:00:00