WITHDRAWN: Ultrasound for fetal assessment in early pregnancy.

abstract：BACKGROUND:Alcohol is one of the most common causes of liver disease in the Western World today. Randomised clinical trials have examined the effects of anabolic-androgenic steroids for alcoholic liver disease. OBJECTIVES:The objectives were to assess the beneficial and harmful effects of anabolic-androgenic steroids ...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Rambaldi A,Iaquinto G,Gluud C

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Somatoform disorders are characterised by chronic, medically unexplained physical symptoms (MUPS). Although different medications are part of treatment routines for people with somatoform disorders in clinics and private practices, there exists no systematic review or meta-analysis on the efficacy and tolera...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Kleinstäuber M,Witthöft M,Steffanowski A,van Marwijk H,Hiller W,Lambert MJ

更新日期：2014-11-07 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The most common type of functional bladder outlet obstruction in patients with neurogenic bladder is detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia (DSD). The lack of co-ordination between the bladder and the external urethral sphincter muscle (EUS) in DSD can result in poor bladder emptying and high bladder pressures, whic...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Utomo E,Groen J,Blok BF

更新日期：2014-05-24 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Family centred care is an important part of neonatal intensive care. Ensuring effective communication in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is a challenge but is crucial to the implementation of family centred care. Providing parents in NICU with audiotape recordings of their conversations with neonatol...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Koh TH,Budge D,Butow P,Renison B,Woodgate P

更新日期：2005-01-25 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Many women would like to avoid pharmacological or invasive methods of pain management in labour, and this may contribute towards the popularity of complementary methods of pain management. This review examined the evidence currently available on manual methods, including massage and reflexology, for pain man...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Smith CA,Levett KM,Collins CT,Dahlen HG,Ee CC,Suganuma M

更新日期：2018-03-28 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) causes ear discharge and impairs hearing. OBJECTIVES:Assess topical antibiotics (excluding steroids) for treating chronically discharging ears with underlying eardrum perforations (CSOM). SEARCH STRATEGY:The Cochrane Ear, Nose and Throat Disorders Group Trials Regist...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Macfadyen CA,Acuin JM,Gamble C

更新日期：2005-10-19 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:Pneumonia is an important cause of mortality in intensive care units. The objective of this review was to assess the effects of antibiotics for preventing respiratory tract infections and overall mortality in adults receiving intensive care. SEARCH STRATEGY:We searched MEDLINE, proceedings of scientific mee...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Liberati A,D'Amico R,Pifferi S,Leonetti C,Torri V,Brazzi L,Tinazzi A

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Minimally invasive techniques to treat great saphenous varicose veins include ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy (USGFS), radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and endovenous laser therapy (EVLT). Compared with conventional surgery (high ligation and stripping (HL/S)), proposed benefits include fewer complications...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Nesbitt C,Eifell RK,Coyne P,Badri H,Bhattacharya V,Stansby G

更新日期：2011-10-05 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Group therapy offers individuals the opportunity to learn behavioural techniques for smoking cessation, and to provide each other with mutual support. OBJECTIVES:We aimed to determine the effects of smoking cessation programmes delivered in a group format compared to self-help materials, or to no interventi...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Stead LF,Lancaster T

更新日期：2005-04-18 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Many people with schizophrenia do not achieve a satisfactory treatment response with ordinary antipsychotic drug treatment. In these cases, various add-on medications are used, among them lithium. OBJECTIVES:To review the effects of lithium for the treatment of schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Leucht S,McGrath J,Kissling W

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Intermittent claudication is pain, caused by chronic occlusive arterial disease, that develops in a limb during exercise and is relieved with rest. Buflomedil is a vasoactive agent claimed to have beneficial effects on the microcirculation. It is used chiefly to treat peripheral vascular disease and to a les...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： De Backer TL,Vander Stichele RH,Bogaert MG

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Between 4% and 25% of school age children complain of recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) of sufficient severity to interfere with daily activities. For the majority of such children no organic cause for their pain can be found on physical examination or investigation. Although most children are likely managed by...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Huertas-Ceballos A,Macarthur C,Logan S

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in The Cochrane Library in Issue 4, 2006.Otitis media with effusion (OME) or 'glue ear' is an accumulation of fluid in the middle ear, in the absence of acute inflammation or infection. It is the commonest cause of acquired hearing loss in childhood and ...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Perera R,Glasziou PP,Heneghan CJ,McLellan J,Williamson I

更新日期：2013-05-31 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Epilepsy is a common chronic neurological disease with an estimated prevalence of 1% in the UK. Approximately one third of these people continue to have seizures despite drug treatment. In order to try to improve outcomes a number of new antiepileptic drugs have been developed and pregabalin is one of these....

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Pulman J,Hemming K,Marson AG

更新日期：2014-03-12 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Rupture of an intracranial aneurysm causes aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage, which is one of the most devastating clinical conditions. It can be classified into five Grades using the Hunt-Hess or World Federation of Neurological Surgeons (WFNS) scale. Grades 4 and 5 predict poor prognosis and are known as...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Li LR,You C,Chaudhary B

更新日期：2016-03-22 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Autopsy studies suggest that Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS) is not a rare disorder, particularly in individuals who abuse alcohol. Thiamine has been established as the treatment of choice for over 50 years, but uncertainty remains about appropriate dosage and duration. Current practice guidelines are base...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Day E,Bentham PW,Callaghan R,Kuruvilla T,George S

更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute paralysing disease caused by peripheral nerve inflammation. This is an update of a review first published in 2001 and last updated in 2012. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effects of plasma exchange for treating GBS. SEARCH METHODS:On 18 January 2016 we searched the Cochr...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Chevret S,Hughes RA,Annane D

更新日期：2017-02-27 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Ganoderma lucidum (also known as lingzhi or reishi) is a mushroom that has been consumed for its broad medicinal properties in Asia for over 2000 years. G lucidum is becoming increasingly popular in western countries as a complementary medicine for cardiovascular health. OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the effective...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Klupp NL,Chang D,Hawke F,Kiat H,Cao H,Grant SJ,Bensoussan A

更新日期：2015-02-17 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Structured antenatal education programs for childbirth and/or parenthood are commonly recommended for pregnant women and their partners by health care professionals in many parts of the world. Such programs are usually offered to groups but may be offered to individuals. OBJECTIVES:The objective of this rev...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Gagnon AJ

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a regional muscular pain syndrome characterised by the presence of trigger points, which are painful points in one or more muscles. The pain can be felt at the site where the trigger point is located or it can be felt away from that place when the muscle is pressed (referred...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Soares A,Andriolo RB,Atallah AN,da Silva EM

更新日期：2012-04-18 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Indwelling urethral catheters are often used for bladder drainage in hospital. Urinary tract infection is the most common hospital-acquired infection, and a common complication of urinary catheterisation. Pain, ease of use and quality of life are important to consider, as well as formal economic analysis. Su...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Kidd EA,Stewart F,Kassis NC,Hom E,Omar MI

更新日期：2015-12-10 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Haloperidol was developed in the late 1950s for use in the field of analgesia. Research subsequently demonstrated effects on hallucinations, delusions, aggressiveness, impulsiveness and states of excitement and led to the introduction of haloperidol as an antipsychotic. OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the clinical e...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Joy CB,Adams CE,Lawrie SM

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), diagnosed mainly in children, often persist into adulthood. Adults in this group have a high rate of other psychiatric problems and functional difficulties in a number of key areas such as academic achievement, interpersonal relationships, and empl...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Epstein T,Patsopoulos NA,Weiser M

更新日期：2014-09-18 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) is licensed for use in patients with haemophilia and inhibitory allo-antibodies. It is also increasingly being used for off-license indications to prevent bleeding in operations where blood loss is likely to be high, and/or to stop bleeding that is proving difficult to contro...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Lin Y,Stanworth S,Birchall J,Doree C,Hyde C

更新日期：2011-02-16 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Riluzole has been approved for treatment of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in most countries. Questions persist about its clinical utility because of high cost and modest efficacy. OBJECTIVES:To examine the efficacy of riluzole in prolonging survival, and in delaying the use of surrogates (trac...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Miller RG,Mitchell JD,Lyon M,Moore DH

更新日期：2007-01-24 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Many people with schizophrenia continue to experience symptoms despite the use of conventional treatments. Alternative therapies such as hypnosis, in conjunction with conventional treatments, may prove beneficial to them. OBJECTIVES:To investigate the use of hypnosis for people with schizophrenia or schizop...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Izquierdo SA,Khan M

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Genital tract infection is associated with preterm birth (before 37 weeks' gestation). Screening for infections during pregnancy may therefore reduce the numbers of babies being born prematurely. However, screening for infections may have some adverse effects, such as increased antibiotic drug resistance and...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Sangkomkamhang US,Lumbiganon P,Prasertcharoensuk W,Laopaiboon M

更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:There are concerns about whether antibiotic therapy confers significant clinical benefit in the treatment of acute bacterial conjunctivitis. OBJECTIVES:The aim of this review was to assess the benefit and harm of antibiotic therapy in the management of acute bacterial conjunctivitis. SEARCH STRATEGY:We sea...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Sheikh A,Hurwitz B

更新日期：2006-04-19 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Iodine deficiency is the main cause of potentially preventable mental retardation in childhood, as well as causing goitre and hypothyroidism in people of all ages. It is still prevalent in large parts of the world. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effects of iodine supplementation overall, and of different forms an...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Angermayr L,Clar C

更新日期：2018-11-29 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Eczema is a common skin disease in many countries, and although the majority of cases of eczema occur before the age of five years and often resolve during childhood or adolescence, it can also persist into adulthood. Itch is the most important aspect of eczema, often impacting significantly on the quality o...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Apfelbacher CJ,van Zuuren EJ,Fedorowicz Z,Jupiter A,Matterne U,Weisshaar E

更新日期：2013-02-28 00:00:00