Abstract：
:Saccadic adaptation is an oculomotor learning process that maintains the accuracy of eye movements to ensure effective perception of the environment. Although saccadic adaptation is commonly considered an automatic and low-level motor calibration in the cerebellum, we recently found that strength of adaptation is influenced by the visual content of the target: pictures of humans produced stronger adaptation than noise stimuli. This suggests that meaningful images may be considered rewarding or valuable in oculomotor learning. Here we report three experiments that establish the boundaries of this effect. In the first, we tested whether stimuli that were associated with high and low value following long term self-administered reinforcement learning produce stronger adaptation. Twenty-eight expert gamers participated in two sessions of adaptation to game-related high- and low-reward stimuli, but revealed no difference in saccadic adaptation (Bayes Factor01 = 5.49). In the second experiment, we tested whether cognitive (literate) meaning could induce stronger adaptation by comparing targets consisting of words and nonwords. The results of twenty subjects revealed no difference in adaptation strength (Bayes Factor01 = 3.21). The third experiment compared images of human figures to noise patterns for reactive saccades. Twenty-two subjects adapted significantly more toward images of human figures in comparison to noise (p < 0.001). We conclude that only primary (human vs. noise), but not secondary, reinforcement affects saccadic adaptation (words vs. nonwords, high- vs. low-value video game images).
journal_name
J Visjournal_title
Journal of visionauthors
Meermeier A,Gremmler S,Richert K,Eckermann T,Lappe Mdoi
10.1167/17.12.11subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-10-01 00:00:00pages
11issue
12issn
1534-7362pii
2659356journal_volume
17pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Repetitive eye movements are known to produce motion aftereffect (MAE) when made to track a moving stimulus. Explanations typically centre on the retinal motion created in the peripheral visual field by the eye movement. This retinal motion is thought to induce perceived motion in the central test, either through the ...
journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/3.11.11
更新日期：2003-12-05 00:00:00
abstract：:In addition to its expected fast, additive L- and M-cone inputs (L + M), the luminance pathway has slow, spectrally opponent inputs. We have previously shown that on long-wavelength fields, the dominant slow signals change from L-M at moderate intensity levels to M-L signals at high. Here, we focus on the transition b...
journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/5.9.5
更新日期：2005-10-21 00:00:00
abstract：:When people inspect a picture, they progress through two distinct phases of visual processing: an ambient, or exploratory, phase that emphasizes input from peripheral vision and rapid acquisition of low-frequency information, followed by a focal phase that emphasizes central vision, salient objects, and high-frequency...
journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/16.2.5
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A 2D perspective image of a slanted rectangular object is sufficient for a strong 3D percept. Two computational assumptions that could be used to interpret 3D from images of rectangles are as follows: (1) converging lines in an image are parallel in the world, and (2) skewed angles in an image are orthogonal in the wo...
journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/7.6.7
更新日期：2007-04-13 00:00:00
abstract：:In their day-to-day activities human beings are constantly generating behavior, such as pointing, grasping or verbal reports, on the basis of visible target locations. The question arises how the brain represents target locations. One possibility is that the brain represents them metrically, i.e. in terms of distance ...
journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/10.3.3
更新日期：2010-03-23 00:00:00
abstract：:The study of fixational eye motion has implications for the neural and computational underpinnings of vision. One component of fixational eye motion is tremor, a high-frequency oscillatory jitter reported to be anywhere from ∼11-60 arcseconds in amplitude. In order to isolate the effects of tremor on the retinal image...
journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/19.11.8
更新日期：2019-09-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Scene viewing is used to study attentional selection in complex but still controlled environments. One of the main observations on eye movements during scene viewing is the inhomogeneous distribution of fixation locations: While some parts of an image are fixated by almost all observers and are inspected repeatedly by...
journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/19.6.5
更新日期：2019-06-03 00:00:00
abstract：:It is debated whether different forms of bistable perception result from common or separate neural mechanisms. Binocular rivalry involves perceptual alternations between competing monocular images, whereas ambiguous figures such as the Necker cube lead to alternations between two possible pictorial interpretations. Pr...
journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/4.7.2
更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The human visual system is sensitive to second-order modulations of the local contrast (CM) or amplitude (AM) of a carrier signal. Second-order cues are detected independently of first-order luminance signals; however, it is not clear why vision should benefit from second-order sensitivity. Analysis of the first- and ...
journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/10.9.2
更新日期：2010-07-16 00:00:00
abstract：:The saccadic distractor effect, in which irrelevant stimuli delay saccades to target stimuli, is a popular tool for investigating saccadic competition. Here, we outline the main components of a competition framework to account for the temporal dynamics of the distractor effect, inspired by race models of saccade gener...
journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/9.9.17
更新日期：2009-08-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Many studies have shown that humans face a trade-off between the speed and accuracy with which they can make movements. In this article, we asked whether humans choose movement time to maximize expected gain by taking into account their own speed-accuracy trade-off (SAT). We studied this question within the context of...
journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/7.5.10
更新日期：2007-07-30 00:00:00
abstract：:People are able to perceive the 3D shape of illuminated surfaces using image shading cues. Theories about how we accomplish this often assume that the human visual system estimates a single lighting direction and interprets shading cues in accord with that estimate. In natural scenes, however, lighting can be much mor...
journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/19.6.2
更新日期：2019-06-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is useful for assessing morphological changes but not for assessing deformations inside homogeneous structures (M. D. Abràmoff, A. P. Van Gils, G. H. Jansen, & M. P. Mourits, 2000). Since no intrinsic contrast can be imaged for distinguishing heterogeneous patterns of musc...
journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/7.14.5
更新日期：2007-11-21 00:00:00
abstract：:In binocular viewing, images presented to the amblyopic eye are suppressed in the cortex to prevent confusion or diplopia. The present study measures depth and extent of interocular suppression across the central circular 24° visual field in observers with strabismus and microstrabismus. Visual stimuli were concentric...
journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/16.10.20
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A key challenge for the visual system is to extract constant object properties from incoming sensory information. This information is ambiguous because the same sensory signal can arise from many combinations of object properties and viewing conditions and noisy because of the variability in sensory encoding. The comp...
journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/16.3.38
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Crowding is the inability to identify an object among flankers in the periphery. It is due to inappropriate incorporation of features from flanking objects in perception of the target. Crowding is characterized by measuring critical spacing, the minimum distance needed between a target and flankers to allow recognitio...
journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/14.6.10
更新日期：2014-12-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Contrary to other tasks (free viewing, recognition, visual search), participants often fail to recognize repetition of trials in multiple object tracking (MOT). This study examines the intra- and interindividual variability of eye movements in repeated MOT trials along with the adherence of eye movements to the previo...
journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/13.7.9
更新日期：2013-06-13 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been shown (Murray & Gold, 2004a) that the Bubbles paradigm for studying human perceptual identification can be formally analyzed and compared to reverse correlation methods when the underlying identification model is conceived as a linear amplifier (LAM). However the usefulness of a LAM for characterizing huma...
journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/13.8.17
更新日期：2013-07-17 00:00:00
abstract：:Temporal context, or adaptation, profoundly affects visual perception. Despite the strength and prevalence of adaptation effects, their functional role in visual processing remains unclear. The effects of spatial context and their functional role are better understood: these effects highlight features that differ from...
journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/13.2.6
更新日期：2013-02-06 00:00:00
abstract：:Macular degeneration and related visual disorders greatly limit foveal function, resulting in reliance on the peripheral retina for tasks requiring fine spatial vision. Here we investigate stimulus manipulations intended to maximize peripheral acuity for dynamic targets. Acuity was measured using a single interval ori...
journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/19.13.12
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bayesian cue combination models have been used to examine how human observers combine information from several cues to form estimates of linear quantities like depth. Here we develop an analogous theory for circular quantities like planar direction. The circular theory is broadly similar to the linear theory but diffe...
journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/10.11.15
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Like other perceptual attributes, numerosity is susceptible to adaptation. Nevertheless, it has never been fully investigated whether adaptation to numerosity is fully perceptual in nature or if it stems from the mixed influence of perception and attention. In the present work, we addressed this point throughout three...
journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/jov.21.1.12
更新日期：2021-01-04 00:00:00
abstract：:Rapid category detection, as discovered by S. Thorpe, D. Fize, and C. Marlot (1996), demonstrated that the human visual system can detect object categories in natural images in as little as 150 ms. To gain insight into this phenomenon and to determine its relevance to naturally occurring conditions, we degrade the sti...
journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/9.6.19
更新日期：2009-06-29 00:00:00
abstract：:During observation of an ambiguous Necker cube, our percept changes spontaneously although the external stimulus does not. An EEG paradigm allowing time-resolved EEG measurement during endogenous perceptual reversals recently revealed a chain of ERP correlates beginning with an early occipital positivity at around 130...
journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/11.9.12
更新日期：2011-08-24 00:00:00
abstract：:In a wide variety of neural systems, neurons tuned to a primary dimension of interest often have responses that are modulated in a multiplicative manner by other features such as stimulus intensity or contrast. In this methodological study, we present a demonstration that it is possible to use psychophysical experimen...
journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/16.9.1
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied the role of native astigmatism and ocular aberrations on best-focus setting and its shift upon induction of astigmatism in 42 subjects (emmetropes, myopes, hyperopes, with-the-rule [WTR] and against-the-rule [ATR] myopic astigmats). Stimuli were presented in a custom-developed adaptive optics simulator, all...
journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/15.11.4
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The visual mismatch negativity (vMMN) is a negative component of event-related potentials (ERPs). It occurs when an infrequent visual stimulus, a deviant, is randomly and unpredictably presented in a sequence of frequent visual stimuli, the standards, and is thought to reflect prediction and prediction error of visual...
journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/15.13.9
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The link between arousal and pupil dilation is well studied, but it is less known that other cognitive processes can trigger pupil responses. Here we present evidence that pupil responses can be induced by high-level scene processing, independent of changes in low-level features or arousal. In Experiment 1, we recorde...
journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/13.6.7
更新日期：2013-05-17 00:00:00
abstract：:When two verniers are presented in rapid succession at the same location, feature fusion occurs. Instead of perceiving two separate verniers, participants typically report perceiving one fused vernier, whose offset is a combination of the two previous verniers, with the later one slightly dominating. Here, we examined...
journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/18.6.20
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human observers are able to estimate various ego-motion parameters from optic flow, including rotation, translational heading, time-to-collision (TTC), time-to-passage (TTP), etc. The perception of linear ego-acceleration or deceleration, i.e., changes of translational velocity, is less well understood. While time-to-...
journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/12.7.10
更新日期：2012-07-20 00:00:00
