Abstract:
:Bayesian cue combination models have been used to examine how human observers combine information from several cues to form estimates of linear quantities like depth. Here we develop an analogous theory for circular quantities like planar direction. The circular theory is broadly similar to the linear theory but differs in significant ways. First, in the circular theory the combined estimate is a nonlinear function of the individual cue estimates. Second, in the circular theory the mean of the combined estimate is affected not only by the means of individual cues and the weights assigned to individual cues but also by the variability of individual cues. Third, in the circular theory the combined estimate can be less certain than the individual estimates, if the individual estimates disagree with one another. Fourth, the circular theory does not have some of the closed-form expressions available in the linear theory, so data analysis requires numerical methods. We describe a vector sum model that gives a heuristic approximation to the circular theory's behavior. We also show how the theory can be extended to deal with spherical quantities like direction in three-dimensional space.
journal_name
J Visjournal_title
Journal of visionauthors
Murray RF,Morgenstern Ydoi
10.1167/10.11.15subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-09-01 00:00:00pages
15issue
11issn
1534-7362pii
10.11.15journal_volume
10pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Visually inferring the stiffness of objects is important for many tasks but is challenging because, unlike optical properties (e.g., gloss), mechanical properties do not directly affect image values. Stiffness must be inferred either (a) by recognizing materials and recalling their properties (associative approach) or...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/17.3.18
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using identical stimuli and methods, we assessed the effects of flankers on three different tasks, orientation discrimination, contrast discrimination, and detection, in central, peripheral, and amblyopic vision. The goal was to understand the factors that limit performance of a task in the presence of flankers in eac...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/11.1.10
更新日期:2011-01-10 00:00:00
abstract::Visual motion information passes through several distinct stages including local motion processing in an earlier stage, followed by global motion processing at a later stage. However, the stage at which the perceptual limit of detection arises remains unknown. In order to examine which stage is critical for motion det...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/10.2.9
更新日期:2010-02-12 00:00:00
abstract::The ability to pursue moving objects with the eyes is vital to humans. However, it remains unclear how the brain differentiates visual object motion, smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEM), and eye movement-induced relative motion on the retina and where visual-to-oculomotor transformation takes place. To characterize fu...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/10.14.21
更新日期:2010-12-20 00:00:00
abstract::Smooth pursuit eye movements (SP) were studied in 5- and 9-month-old infants and adults in response to a rhombus oscillating horizontally behind three spatially separated vertical occluders. During motion, the rhombus vertices were never visible. Thus the perception of the global motion of the rhombus required integra...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/8.11.16
更新日期:2008-08-22 00:00:00
abstract::Visual prostheses for the restoration of functional vision are currently under development. To guide prosthesis research and allow for an accurate prognosis of functional gain, simulating the experience of a retinal prosthesis in healthy individuals is desirable. Current simulation paradigms lack crucial aspects of th...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/10.14.32
更新日期:2010-12-29 00:00:00
abstract::Two small objects (flies) followed identical circular orbits. However, a large background that circled around behind them in different phases made one orbit look twice as large as the other (size illusion) or made the circles look like very thin horizontal or vertical ellipses with aspect ratios of 7.5:1 or more (shap...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/6.10.8
更新日期:2006-09-22 00:00:00
abstract::First described during the 18th century, the cause of night myopia remains a controversial topic. Whereas several explanations have been suggested in the literature, particularly related with accommodation or chromatic shift in scotopic light conditions, no definitive explanation for its aetiology has been provided. W...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/12.5.4
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Because we live in a dynamic environment with moving eyes and body, our retinas are often stimulated by new scenes that appear suddenly and are only briefly available. How the visual system successfully extracts information from such challenging stimulation is not yet understood. For some stimuli, like photos of natur...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/12.10.3
更新日期:2012-09-06 00:00:00
abstract::Human observers are able to estimate various ego-motion parameters from optic flow, including rotation, translational heading, time-to-collision (TTC), time-to-passage (TTP), etc. The perception of linear ego-acceleration or deceleration, i.e., changes of translational velocity, is less well understood. While time-to-...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/12.7.10
更新日期:2012-07-20 00:00:00
abstract::Studies have shown that displacing specular highlights from their natural locations in images reduces perceived surface gloss. Here, we assessed the extent to which perceived gloss depends on congruence in the position and orientation of specular highlights relative to surface shape and the diffuse shading from which ...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/11.9.4
更新日期:2011-08-12 00:00:00
abstract::Recently, researchers have begun to investigate how nonspatial perceptual information is extracted into visual working memory (VWM), focusing particularly on object-based encoding (OBE). That is, whenever even one feature-dimension is selected for entry into VWM, the others are also extracted automatically. While ther...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/13.2.1
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cerebral cortex has both anatomical and functional specialization, but the level of correspondence between the two in the human brain has remained largely elusive. Recent successes in high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging of myeloarchitecture patterns in the cortex suggest that it may now be possible to compa...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/5.2.1
更新日期:2005-02-11 00:00:00
abstract::During binocular rivalry (BR), conflicting monocular images are alternately suppressed from awareness. During suppression of an image, contrast sensitivity for probes is reduced by approximately 0.3-0.5 log units relative to when the image is in perceptual dominance. Previous studies on rivalry suppression have led to...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/9.11.17
更新日期:2009-10-16 00:00:00
abstract::We examined whether motion blur accompanying apparent motion (AM) affects the shape of a stimulus presented in the motion path. In a two-alternative forced-choice procedure, observers judged the shape of a Gaussian test stimulus flashed in the path of motion, relative to a reference stimulus, which was a circular Gaus...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/10.13.15
更新日期:2010-11-24 00:00:00
abstract::Loss of central vision can be partially compensated by increased use of peripheral vision. For example, patients experiencing central vision loss due to disease (macular degeneration) or healthy participants trained with simulated central vision loss, tend to develop eccentric fixation spots for reading or other visua...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/jov.20.9.15
更新日期:2020-09-02 00:00:00
abstract::Human object recognition is remarkably efficient. In recent years, significant advancements have been made in our understanding of how the brain represents visual objects and organizes them into categories. Recent studies using pattern analyses methods have characterized a representational space of objects in human an...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/13.10.1
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous work on the straddle effect in contrast perception (Foley, 2011; Graham & Wolfson, 2007; Wolfson & Graham, 2007, 2009) has used visual patterns and observer tasks of the type known as spatially second-order. After adaptation of about 1 s to a grid of Gabor patches all at one contrast, a second-order test patt...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/18.5.15
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Features of moving objects are non-retinotopically integrated along their motion trajectories as demonstrated by a variety of recent studies. The mechanisms of non-retinotopic feature integration are largely unknown. Here, we investigated the role of attention in non-retinotopic feature integration by using the sequen...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/10.12.8
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The internal representation of stimuli is imperfect and subject to bias. Noise introduced at initial encoding and during maintenance degrades the precision of representation. Stimulus estimation is also biased away from recently encountered stimuli, a phenomenon known as adaptation. Within a Bayesian framework, greate...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/18.13.18
更新日期:2018-12-03 00:00:00
abstract::Kittens reared with mixed daily visual input that consists of episodes of normal (binocular) exposure followed by abnormal (monocular) exposure can develop normal visual acuity in both eyes if the length of the former exposure exceeds a critical amount. However, later studies of the tuning of cells in primary visual c...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/9.5.22
更新日期:2009-05-21 00:00:00
abstract::It has been shown previously that liking and valence of associations in response to artworks show greater convergence across viewers for representational than for abstract artwork. The current research explored whether the same applies to the semantic content of the associations. We used data gained with an adapted un...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/15.14.12
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chromatic vision starts at the retinal photoreceptors but photoreceptors are themselves color-blind, responding only to their effective quantal catch and not to the wavelength of the caught photon per se. Mitchell and Rushton (1971) termed this phenomenon the univariance concept, and it is widely used in designing sil...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/19.5.14
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oscillatory synchronization of neuronal populations has been proposed to play a role in perceptual integration and attentional processing. However, some conflicting evidence has been found with respect to its causal relevance for sensory processing, particularly when using flickering visual stimuli with the aim of dri...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/12.4.5
更新日期:2012-04-13 00:00:00
abstract::Human adults with normal vision are capable of improving performance on visual tasks through repeated practice. Previous work has shown that enhancing synaptic levels of acetylcholine (ACh) in healthy human adults with donepezil (trade name: Aricept) can increase the magnitude and specificity of perceptual learning (P...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/jov.20.4.24
更新日期:2020-04-09 00:00:00
abstract::Amblyopia results in a severe loss of positional information and in the ability to accurately enumerate objects (V. Sharma, D. M. Levi, & S. A. Klein, 2000). In this study, we asked whether amblyopia also disrupts the ability to track a near-threshold change in the trajectory of a single target amongst multiple simila...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/6.12.3
更新日期:2006-11-28 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship between attention and awareness and the processing of visual information outside of attention and awareness remain controversial issues. We employed the motion aftereffect (MAE) illusion and continuous flash suppression (CFS) to study the behavioral effects of unseen and unattended visual motion. The ...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/11.13.10
更新日期:2011-11-09 00:00:00
abstract::To cope with the continuously incoming stream of input, the visual system has to group information across space and time. Usually, spatial and temporal grouping are investigated separately. However, recent findings revealed that these two grouping mechanisms strongly interact and should therefore be studied together r...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/10.8.5
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Animals exploit antagonistic interactions for sensory processing and these can cause oscillations between competing states. Ambiguous sensory inputs yield such perceptual multistability. Despite numerous empirical studies using binocular rivalry or plaid pattern motion, the driving mechanisms behind the spontaneous tr...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/16.15.6
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::How do we interpret the rapidly changing visual stimuli we encounter? How does our past visual experience shape our perception? Recent work has suggested that our visual system is able to interpret multiple faces presented temporally via integration or ensemble coding. Visual adaptation is widely used to probe such sh...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/17.1.15
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00