Abstract:
INTRODUCTION:Policing practices are key drivers of HIV among people who inject drugs (PWID). This paper describes the protocol for the first study to prospectively examine the impact of a police education programme (PEP) to align law enforcement and HIV prevention. PEPs incorporating HIV prevention (including harm reduction programmes like syringe exchange) have been successfully piloted in several countries but were limited to brief pre-post assessments; the impact of PEPs on policing behaviours and occupational safety is unknown. OBJECTIVES:Proyecto ESCUDO (SHIELD) aims to evaluate the efficacy of the PEP on uptake of occupational safety procedures, as assessed through the incidence of needle stick injuries (NSIs) (primary outcome) and changes in knowledge of transmission, prevention and treatment of HIV and viral hepatitis; attitudes towards PWID, adverse behaviours that interfere with HIV prevention and protective behaviours (secondary outcomes). METHODS/ANALYSIS:ESCUDO is a hybrid type I design that simultaneously tests an intervention and an implementation strategy. Using a modified stepped-wedge design involving all active duty street-level police officers in Tijuana (N = ∼ 1200), we will administer one 3 h PEP course to groups of 20-50 officers until the entire force is trained. NSI incidence and geocoded arrest data will be assessed from department-wide de-identified data. Of the consenting police officers, a subcohort (N=500) will be randomly sampled from each class to undergo pre-PEP and post-PEP surveys with a semiannual follow-up for 2 years to assess self-reported NSIs, attitudes and behaviour changes. The impact on PWIDs will be externally validated through a parallel cohort of Tijuana PWIDs. ETHICS/DISSEMINATION:Research ethics approval was obtained from the USA and Mexico. Findings will be disseminated through open access to protocol materials through the Law Enforcement and HIV Network. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER:NCT02444403.
journal_name
BMJ Openjournal_title
BMJ openauthors
Strathdee SA,Arredondo J,Rocha T,Abramovitz D,Rolon ML,Patiño Mandujano E,Rangel MG,Olivarria HO,Gaines T,Patterson TL,Beletsky Ldoi
10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008958subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-08-10 00:00:00pages
e008958issue
8issn
2044-6055pii
bmjopen-2015-008958journal_volume
5pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
BMJ Open文献大全abstract:OBJECTIVES:To develop a better understanding of general practitioners' (GPs) views and experiences of the management of patients with headaches and use of direct-access MRI scans, and observe outcomes of an educational session offered by a GP with a special interest (GPwSI) to GPs. DESIGN:A qualitative study using sem...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018169
更新日期:2017-11-09 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:As parents of young children are often unaware their child is overweight, screening provides the opportunity to inform parents and provide the impetus for behaviour change. We aimed to determine if parents could recall and understand the information they received about their overweight child after weight scr...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004481
更新日期:2014-07-30 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Clothing is an important aspect of nearly all human societies from performing social and cultural functions to indicating social status, a form of protection and a way for self-expression. It can help or hinder the ability to fulfil everyday activities and social roles and with the rising industry of weara...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020299
更新日期:2018-03-08 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The association between long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), brain health, cognitive function and mood has been the subject of intensive research. Marine-derived omega-3 PUFAs, such as docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, are highly concentrated in neuronal membranes and affec...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027167
更新日期:2019-06-22 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Daily radiotherapy delivered with radiosensitisation offers patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) comparable outcomes to cystectomy with functional organ preservation. Most recurrences following radiotherapy occur within the bladder. Increasing the delivered radiotherapy dose to the tumour ma...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041005
更新日期:2020-12-31 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Epidemiological studies evaluating the association between adiponectin levels and endometrial carcinoma risk have produced inconsistent results. Thus, a meta-analysis was conducted to assess the association between them. METHODS:Pertinent studies were identified by a search of PubMed and Web of Knowledge th...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008541
更新日期:2015-09-03 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Maternal morbidity, either pregnancy related or pre-existent, can become life threatening and of such severity as to warrant termination of pregnancy (TOP). In this situation, chances of fetal survival are usually poor, either because of low gestational age and/or because of the fetal effects of the maternal ...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005145
更新日期:2014-06-17 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Assessing the cost-effectiveness credentials of this intervention in patients with concomitant atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) compared with usual medical therapy. DESIGN:A Markov model comprising two health states (ie, alive or dead) was constructed. The transition probabilities were direct...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031033
更新日期:2019-09-05 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To examine trends in social and geographic inequalities in all-cause premature adult mortality in Japan. DESIGN:Observational study of the vital statistics and the census data. SETTING:Japan. PARTICIPANTS:Entire population aged 25 years or older and less than 65 years in 1970, 1975, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000425
更新日期:2012-03-02 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the readiness to implement the Falsified Medicines Directive (FMD) by community pharmacies in England. Eight secondary objectives were assessed. SETTING:Community/retail pharmacies. PARTICIPANTS:We invited pharmacists from 501 pharmacies to complete a survey. Non-contractors, non-pharmacists or...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033405
更新日期:2020-01-09 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:How researchers' contributions relate to author order on the byline remains unclear. We sought to identify researchers' contributions associated with author order, and to explore the existence of author profiles. DESIGN:Observational study. SETTING:Published record. PARTICIPANTS:1139 authors of 119 researc...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013898
更新日期:2017-06-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The amount of scientific literature available is often overwhelming, making it difficult for researchers to have a good overview of the literature and to see relations between different developments. Visualisation techniques based on bibliometric data are helpful in obtaining an overview of the literature on...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004468
更新日期:2014-03-13 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to identify which behaviour change techniques (BCTs) were present in intervention and control groups of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) included in a Cochrane systematic review. SETTING:The RCTs included were conducted in community, primary and/or ambulatory-care settings. PAR...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036500
更新日期:2020-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Objectives In 2007, the International Agency for Research on Cancer classified long-term shift work as a probable carcinogen, with the strongest evidence for breast cancer. One proposed mechanism involves night-time light exposure and decreases in melatonin, a circadian rhythmic hormone. It is hypothesised that melato...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000532
更新日期:2012-01-21 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine whether valproate (VPA) monotherapy influences homocysteine metabolism in patients with epilepsy. DESIGN:Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES:We searched all articles in English through PubMed, Web of Science and EMBASE published up to August 2013 concerning the homocysteine levels...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-004936
更新日期:2014-07-16 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Atrial fibrillation (AF) affects 10% of patients undergoing cardiac surgery and is an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality, ischaemic stroke and heart failure. Surgical AF ablation has been shown to significantly improve maintenance of sinus rhythm, however, small to medium size trials conducted...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013273
更新日期:2016-11-02 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To describe, using data from the Newcastle 85+ cohort study, the use of primary care and other healthcare services by 85-year-olds as they age. DESIGN:Longitudinal population-based cohort study. SETTING:Newcastle on Tyne and North Tyneside, UK. PARTICIPANTS:Community dwelling and institutionalised men and ...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019218
更新日期:2018-01-24 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Occupational therapy is often prescribed after the acute treatment of upper extremity fractures. However, high out-of-pocket expenses and logistical constraints can reduce access to formal therapy services. We aimed to quantify preferences of patients with upper extremity fracture for attending occupational t...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039888
更新日期:2020-10-14 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To estimate the prevalence of poor vision in children aged 4-5 years and determine the impact of visual acuity on literacy. DESIGN:Cross-sectional study linking clinical, epidemiological and education data. SETTING:Schools located in the city of Bradford, UK. PARTICIPANTS:Prevalence was determined for 11,...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010434
更新日期:2016-02-16 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Chronic kidney disease is a serious and a frequent disease associated with a high risk of morbi-mortality. Although several risk factors have already been well addressed, mostly diabetes and hypertension, many remain underappreciated, such as chronic exposure to air pollution. METHODS AND ANALYSIS:We will...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041088
更新日期:2021-01-17 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) display increased infection-related mortality and elevated cardiovascular risk only partly attributed to traditional risk factors. Patients with CKD also exhibit a pro-inflammatory environment and impaired immune function. Aerobic exercise has the potential to pos...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014713
更新日期:2017-05-29 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The main objectives of the study were to explore the experiences of primary care professionals providing care to recent migrants in a superdiverse city and to elicit barriers and facilitators to meeting migrants' care needs. This paper focuses on a strong emergent theme: participants' descriptions and unders...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012561
更新日期:2016-09-22 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:As healthcare organisations endeavour to improve the quality and safety of their services, there is increasing recognition of the importance of building a culture of safety to promote patient safety and improve the outcomes of patient care. Surveys of safety culture/climate have not knowingly been conducted i...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028666
更新日期:2019-05-30 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study examines the characteristics of studies that Health Canada uses to grant full marketing authorisation for products given a conditional approval between 1 January 1998 and 30 June 2017. DESIGN:Cohort study. DATA SOURCES:Journal articles listing drugs that fulfilled their conditions and received f...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020377
更新日期:2018-04-28 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To explore whether knowledge about the harms of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) influences UK university students' sun-related behaviours and examine in depth their attitudes towards: sun protection, natural and artificial tanning behaviours. DESIGN:Qualitative methodology with 15 semistructured, individual int...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014388
更新日期:2017-03-13 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer Registry (UGICR) was developed to monitor and improve the quality of care provided to patients with upper gastrointestinal cancers in Australia. PARTICIPANTS:It supports four cancer modules: pancreatic, oesophagogastric, biliary and primary liver cancer. The pancreatic cancer ...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031434
更新日期:2019-09-30 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The objective was to compare the results of performance-based and self-assessed measures of health literacy (HL) and to evaluate the contribution of their joint use in assessing some HL antecedents. DESIGN:This was a cross-sectional study. SETTING:The study was conducted on the general population in Florenc...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035987
更新日期:2020-10-05 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To examine the patterns of social inequalities in anaemia over time among women of reproductive age in India. DESIGN:Repeated cross-sectional study using nationally representative data from the 1998/1999 and 2005/2006 National Family Health Surveys of India. Multivariate modified Poisson regression models w...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2012-002233
更新日期:2013-03-19 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a state of glucose intolerance with onset during pregnancy. GDM carries prenatal and perinatal risks as well as long-term risks for the mother and her child. GDM may be involved in the foetal programming of long-term cardiovascular health. However, evidence is sparse ...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016972
更新日期:2017-11-14 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:High rates of immigration pose challenges for the healthcare systems of many countries to offer high-quality care to diverse populations. Advancing health interventions with incorporating the cultural background of diverse populations can be helpful to overcome this challenge. First studies suggest that cu...
journal_title:BMJ open
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037698
更新日期:2020-11-09 00:00:00