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Metabolic signatures of adiposity in young adults: Mendelian randomization analysis and effects of weight change.

Abstract：

BACKGROUND:Increased adiposity is linked with higher risk for cardiometabolic diseases. We aimed to determine to what extent elevated body mass index (BMI) within the normal weight range has causal effects on the detailed systemic metabolite profile in early adulthood. METHODS AND FINDINGS:We used Mendelian randomization to estimate causal effects of BMI on 82 metabolic measures in 12,664 adolescents and young adults from four population-based cohorts in Finland (mean age 26 y, range 16-39 y; 51% women; mean ± standard deviation BMI 24 ± 4 kg/m(2)). Circulating metabolites were quantified by high-throughput nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics and biochemical assays. In cross-sectional analyses, elevated BMI was adversely associated with cardiometabolic risk markers throughout the systemic metabolite profile, including lipoprotein subclasses, fatty acid composition, amino acids, inflammatory markers, and various hormones (p<0.0005 for 68 measures). Metabolite associations with BMI were generally stronger for men than for women (median 136%, interquartile range 125%-183%). A gene score for predisposition to elevated BMI, composed of 32 established genetic correlates, was used as the instrument to assess causality. Causal effects of elevated BMI closely matched observational estimates (correspondence 87% ± 3%; R(2)= 0.89), suggesting causative influences of adiposity on the levels of numerous metabolites (p<0.0005 for 24 measures), including lipoprotein lipid subclasses and particle size, branched-chain and aromatic amino acids, and inflammation-related glycoprotein acetyls. Causal analyses of certain metabolites and potential sex differences warrant stronger statistical power. Metabolite changes associated with change in BMI during 6 y of follow-up were examined for 1,488 individuals. Change in BMI was accompanied by widespread metabolite changes, which had an association pattern similar to that of the cross-sectional observations, yet with greater metabolic effects (correspondence 160% ± 2%; R(2) = 0.92). CONCLUSIONS:Mendelian randomization indicates causal adverse effects of increased adiposity with multiple cardiometabolic risk markers across the metabolite profile in adolescents and young adults within the non-obese weight range. Consistent with the causal influences of adiposity, weight changes were paralleled by extensive metabolic changes, suggesting a broadly modifiable systemic metabolite profile in early adulthood. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary.

journal_name

PLoS Med

journal_title

PLoS medicine

authors

Würtz P,Wang Q,Kangas AJ,Richmond RC,Skarp J,Tiainen M,Tynkkynen T,Soininen P,Havulinna AS,Kaakinen M,Viikari JS,Savolainen MJ,Kähönen M,Lehtimäki T,Männistö S,Blankenberg S,Zeller T,Laitinen J,Pouta A,Mäntyselkä P

doi

10.1371/journal.pmed.1001765

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2014-12-09 00:00:00

pages

e1001765

issue

eissn

1549-1277

issn

1549-1676

pii

PMEDICINE-D-14-02404

journal_volume

pub_type

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Metabolic signatures of adiposity in young adults: Mendelian randomization analysis and effects of weight change.