Abstract：
INTRODUCTION:The traditional view of paramedic practice is one of provision of emergency care and transport within community or industrial settings. With greater integration of emergency services with the overall health system, this role is changing. Paramedics, especially in rural areas, are now working more closely with other professions in new and extended roles that incorporate non-emergency community-based care, preventative medicine and social care. Workforce shortages, health service budget cuts, population size and the changing demographic profile of many rural and remote communities highlight the need for effective interaction between the health professions to respond to the health needs of these communities. The rural environment therefore provides an opportune setting in which to explore the evolving role of paramedics and their interaction with other healthcare professionals in ways that can improve health outcomes for patients and the community. This article presents a critical review of the literature in this area and identifies gaps in which further research is required to further interprofessional learning (IPL) for paramedics. METHODS:Search databases included MEDLINE, SCOPUS, CINAHL and the University of Tasmania (UTAS) electronic library. Specific journal searches included the Journal of Emergency Pre-Hospital Care (JEPHC) and the Journal of Interprofessional Care. Search terms for this literature review consisted of a combination of prefixes 'inter' and 'multi' with adjectives 'professional', 'disciplinary' and 'shared' and the nouns 'education', 'learning' and 'training'. These search terms were then used in combination with each of the terms 'rural' and 'remote' then with 'paramedic/s' and 'pre-hospital' in order to source reports of interprofessional activities in these areas. Each of these was also combined with the search term 'collaboration'. On completion of the initial search process, the reference lists of relevant articles were examined for reports of professional interactions and rural paramedic care. RESULTS:Three major concepts emerged from 24 articles: interprofessional education (IPE), multidisciplinary teamwork, and interprofessional learning. Six articles focused on IPE; nine concerned multidisciplinary teamwork and nine IPL. Examination of the reference lists of these articles revealed a further eight articles with the theme of IPL incorporating paramedics. Predominantly, IPL was associated with new roles for rural paramedics where collaborative practice incorporated community-based care rather than being focused on emergency treatment and transport to hospital. Only two articles reported on a measurable patient care outcome related to IPL. The majority of articles described programs or interventions without having directly examined the interactions and relationships between professions. CONCLUSIONS:Rural paramedics are involved with other healthcare professionals, often in new or expanded roles. Published journal articles that report on this interaction are largely descriptive in nature and few describe the dynamics of this interaction or the conditions under which interprofessional activity could yield potential benefit to health service delivery or patient outcomes. As an overarching construct, IPL may be used to frame further investigation of this interaction and may help shape the emerging role of paramedics in rural settings where population size and other factors limit the availability of health professionals.
journal_name
Rural Remote Healthjournal_title
Rural and remote healthauthors
Mulholland P,Barnett T,Spencer Jsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-01-01 00:00:00pages
2821issue
3issn
1445-6354pii
2821journal_volume
14pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：CONTEXT:Diabetes mellitus is a healthcare burden in India. Seventy-four percent of India's population lives in rural areas with limited access to healthcare resources. Telemedicine can play a big role in screening people with diabetes at grassroots level. In the telescreening model, single field 45-degree photographs a...
journal_title：Rural and remote health
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:In post-war Japan, a number of factors lead to a general shortage of physicians by the 1950s, which became acute in rural areas and has continued until recent times. ISSUE:Teamwork among national, prefectural, municipal governments and public medical schools has addressed this shortage of physicians. The natio...
journal_title：Rural and remote health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Skin infections including scabies and impetigo have a high burden and cause significant morbidity in remote Aboriginal communities in Australia. Nevertheless, there is limited knowledge about community, healthcare practitioner and service provider perspectives on skin infections and treatment preferences. ...
journal_title：Rural and remote health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.22605/RRH5227
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Iran has a major land mine injury problem in its border areas. Mine injuries have a high mortality and morbidity, and the injuries generally occur in remote areas. Iran has a well developed system of rural health workers and clinics, covering most border areas. These have mainly had prevention, immunizatio...
journal_title：Rural and remote health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Maintaining hospital consultant staffing levels often requires the employment of locum tenens to meet service needs. This is particularly so in hospitals where core clinical services are run by a small number of permanently appointed consultants. The problems associated with locum employment are underestim...
journal_title：Rural and remote health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many rural Australian communities continue to endure a prolonged drought. The mental health effects of short-term natural disaster are well known; those of a long-term and chronic natural disaster such as drought are less well understood. However, in addition to immediate distress there are likely to be feelings of lo...
journal_title：Rural and remote health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a major risk factor for ischaemic stroke and a common presentation in general practice. Scoring systems to guide antithrombotic treatment have been available since 1996, with the CHA2DS2-VASC in current use; however, little is known about adherence to guidelines in rural general...
journal_title：Rural and remote health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.22605/RRH4342
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Farmers and farm workers have higher than expected rates of suicide and undetermined deaths in UK studies, and some rural areas of Scotland have higher than average male suicide rates. Firearm access seems to be an influencing factor in England and Wales. Type of farming, and farming social networks may al...
journal_title：Rural and remote health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:In Italy the course to become a general practitioner (GP) lasts 3 years and includes both theoretical and practical study. Different from the theoretical part, until recently the practical activity has not been assessed at all. The Emilia Romagna Regional Health Authority has developed a special program ca...
journal_title：Rural and remote health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:The World Health Organization's World report on disability calls upon all nations to 'remove the barriers which prevent [people with disabilities] from participating in their communities; getting a quality education, finding decent work, and having their voices heard' (p. 5). People with communication disabilit...
journal_title：Rural and remote health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:The Indian Ocean Territories (IOT) comprising Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands are situated over 2500 km from Perth, Australia, and are accessible by commercial aircraft only twice a week. The IOT Health Service (IOTHS) is administered from the Department of Transport and Regional Services in Canberra...
journal_title：Rural and remote health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:In mid-July 2010 flash flooding in Pakistan destroyed the basic water, environmental sanitation and livelihood infrastructures in 82 districts. Two months later, the local press of Swat (northern Pakistan) reported that several residents of Marghazar town became ill and were hospitalized after drinking con...
journal_title：Rural and remote health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Decreasing physical activity levels, particularly among youth, continue to be a prominent health concern in Canada, and youth living in rural areas may encounter unique facilitators and barriers to physical activity. In addition, current research suggests that overweight and obesity rates are higher for yo...
journal_title：Rural and remote health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:Entry to practice medical programs (graduate- and undergraduate-entry) in Australia are under considerable pressure to provide clinical training as a result of increased student numbers. At the same time modern medical curricula require the development of active placements in expanded settings to achieve gradua...
journal_title：Rural and remote health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Chronic conditions are a growing healthcare concern. People living in rural regions are particularly affected because many barriers exist to accessing services and supports. Peer support for chronic condition self-management, where people living with chronic conditions learn about how to care for themselve...
journal_title：Rural and remote health
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since the first case of the current pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus reported to WHO on 24 April 2009 on the American continent, the virus has spread in 160 countries and territories. By mid-2009, there were 135,000 cases and 816 deaths recorded. Pandemic preparedness is not advanced in most developing countries. Effective ...
journal_title：Rural and remote health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:The purpose of this study was to: (1) describe caries prevalence and experience among Aboriginal children; and (2) investigate the disparity in dental caries between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Australian children. As background, dental caries is a widespread disease within Aboriginal communities and it ...
journal_title：Rural and remote health
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Child farm safety has been identified as a key public health concern in Australia. To date, communication strategies for child farm safety have primarily targeted rural based adults as custodians of children, and because the greatest proportion of deaths occur in pre-school children. However, emerging inte...
journal_title：Rural and remote health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:With the ability to diagnose malaria with rapid diagnostic tests (mRDT), interest in improving diagnostics for non-malarial fevers has increased. Understanding how health providers diagnose and treat fevers is important for identifying additional tools to improve outcomes and reduce unnecessary antibiotic ...
journal_title：Rural and remote health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.22605/RRH4818
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Diabetes is a growing worldwide problem, characterized by considerable ethnic variation and being particularly common in modernizing populations. Modernization is accompanied by a variety of stressful sociocultural changes that are believed to increase the risk of diabetes. Unfortunately, there is little a...
journal_title：Rural and remote health
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:An unbalanced geographical distribution of physicians leads to important differences in healthcare outcomes and difficulties in accessing healthcare services in rural areas. As in many other countries in the world, the geographical distribution of physicians in Turkey is unbalanced. Although there has been...
journal_title：Rural and remote health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Time spent in remote medicine as an undergraduate is influential in career choice in Australia and Northern America. However, its influence is not known in smaller countries, where recruitment into rural medicine is also problematic. Differences across countries mean work is required to explore determinant...
journal_title：Rural and remote health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Soon-to-be graduate nurses who choose to begin their career in rural hospital settings face not only the challenge of learning to do rural nursing, but also how to navigate the complex personal and professional relationships that characterize the close knit community of rural hospital teams. Since every en...
journal_title：Rural and remote health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:A person's capability to access services and achieve good eye health is influenced by their behaviours, perceptions, beliefs and experiences. As evidence from Papua New Guinea (PNG) about people's lived experience with vision impairment is limited, the purpose of the present study was to better understand ...
journal_title：Rural and remote health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:Suicide is an important public health issue among rural communities although there is no single pattern of suicide in rural areas. Despite this, there are common themes in much of the research evidence on suicide in rural areas. From the published research in the area, a conceptual model of rural suicide has be...
journal_title：Rural and remote health
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:An astounding 50% of blindness and 70% of vision impairment in Australia is caused by conditions that are said to be preventable or treatable. Aboriginal people suffer 10 times the rate of blindness and attend eyecare practitioners in far lower numbers than other members of the Australian population. ISSUE:In ...
journal_title：Rural and remote health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Suicide remains an important public health issue in Australia, responsible for around 2500 deaths each year. Although suicide only accounts for around 1.7% of total mortality in Australia per year, 75% of suicide deaths are in males. This article reviews the factors contributing to suicide in older rural m...
journal_title：Rural and remote health
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.22605/RRH4020
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Prostate cancer mortality worldwide has recently decreased by 6% after peaking in the 1990s. Based on the recently published results of the European Randomised Study for Screening of Prostate Cancer (which showed a relative prostate cancer mortality reduction of at least 20% by PSA-based population screening) it could...
journal_title：Rural and remote health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:In Scotland, approximately 5% of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients survive to hospital discharge. Improving bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), especially in rural areas, could have a significant effect on the numbers of lives saved. The objective of this study was to systematically review...
journal_title：Rural and remote health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.22605/RRH4772
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The provision of health services to rural and remote communities has been the source of much concern and debate in recent times. One aspect of this is the universal problem of insufficient medical practitioners in rural areas and the associated issues of recruitment and retention. Rural communities can play an importa...
journal_title：Rural and remote health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00
