Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Recent research has used cardiovascular risk scores intended to estimate "total cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk" in individuals to assess the distribution of risk within populations. The research suggested that the adoption of the total risk approach, in comparison to treatment decisions being based on the level of a single risk factor, could lead to reductions in expenditure on preventive cardiovascular drug treatment in low- and middle-income countries. So that the patient benefit associated with savings is highlighted. METHODS:This study used data from national STEPS surveys (STEPwise Approach to Surveillance) conducted between 2005 and 2010 in Cambodia, Malaysia and Mongolia of men and women aged 40-64 years. The study compared the differences and implications of various approaches to risk estimation at a population level using the World Health Organization/International Society of Hypertension (WHO/ISH) risk score charts. To aid interpretation and adjustment of scores and inform treatment in individuals, the charts are accompanied by practice notes about risk factors not included in the risk score calculations. Total risk was calculated amongst the populations using the charts alone and also adjusted according to these notes. Prevalence of traditional single risk factors was also calculated. RESULTS:The prevalence of WHO/ISH "high CVD risk" (≥20% chance of developing a cardiovascular event over 10 years) of 6%, 2.3% and 1.3% in Mongolia, Malaysia and Cambodia, respectively, is in line with recent research when charts alone are used. However, these proportions rise to 33.3%, 20.8% and 10.4%, respectively when individuals with blood pressure > = 160/100 mm/Hg and/or hypertension medication are attributed to "high risk". Of those at "moderate risk" (10- < 20% chance of developing a cardio vascular event over 10 years), 100%, 94.3% and 30.1%, respectively are affected by at least one risk-increasing factor. Of all individuals, 44.6%, 29.0% and 15.0% are affected by hypertension as a single risk factor (systolic ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic ≥ 90 mmHg or medication). CONCLUSIONS:Used on a population level, cardiovascular risk scores may offer useful insights that can assist health service delivery planning. An approach based on overall risk without adjustment of specific risk factors however, may underestimate treatment needs.At the individual level, the total risk approach offers important clinical benefits. However, countries need to develop appropriate clinical guidelines and operational guidance for detection and management of CVD risk using total CVD-risk approach at different levels of health system. Operational research is needed to assess implementation issues.
journal_name
BMC Public Healthjournal_title
BMC public healthauthors
Otgontuya D,Oum S,Buckley BS,Bonita Rdoi
10.1186/1471-2458-13-539subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-06-05 00:00:00pages
539issn
1471-2458pii
1471-2458-13-539journal_volume
13pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:There is limited uptake of measures to prevent malaria by pregnant women in Nigeria which is often related to the lack of knowledge on Malaria in Pregnancy (MIP) and its effects on mother and foetus. This study, explored peer to peer education as a tool in raising knowledge of MIP among women of child bearin...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-610
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Unintended pregnancy has dire consequences on the health and socioeconomic wellbeing of adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) (aged 15-24 years). While most studies tend to focus on lack of access to contraceptive information and services, and poverty as the main contributing factor to early-unintended pre...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-020-09488-6
更新日期:2020-09-07 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Social relations influence mental health through different pathways. To capture the complexity of social relations, it is beneficial to consider both the structural (e.g., reachability of social network and social integration) and functional (e.g., instrumental and emotional support) aspects of the concept. ...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4871-x
更新日期:2017-11-03 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although desperate need and drug counterfeiting are linked in developing countries, little research has been carried out to address this link, and there is a lack of proper tools and methodology. This study addresses the need for a new methodological approach by developing a scale to aid in understanding the...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-829
更新日期:2013-09-11 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that couple HIV counseling and testing (CHCT) increased rates of sero-status disclosure and adoption of safer sexual behaviors with better linkage to treatment and care. However, current evidence suggests that new HIV infections are occurring among heterosexual couples in stable relationsh...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2526-3
更新日期:2015-11-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Survey data suggest that in Texas Latino youth exhibit higher rates of susceptibility to smoking than youth from other ethnic groups. In this analysis we examined the relationship between susceptibility to smoking and well-known risk factors associated with smoking initiation among a cohort of 11 to 13 year ...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-8-337
更新日期:2008-09-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:During the 2009 H1N1 influenza epidemic, policy makers debated over whether, when, and how long to close schools. While closing schools could have reduced influenza transmission thereby preventing cases, deaths, and health care costs, it may also have incurred substantial costs from increased childcare needs...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-353
更新日期:2011-05-20 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:During the past two decades, several scientific publications from different countries have shown how oral health in the population varies with social determinants. The aim of the present study was to explore the relationship between self-reported oral and general health in relation to different measures of s...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4609-9
更新日期:2017-07-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Vaccination against hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) has been applied successfully for more than 20 years in China, and since 2008, the government has implemented the Expanded Program of Immunization (EPI) in regions with high incidence. In this study, we analyzed the EPI-related changes in age d...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-394
更新日期:2013-04-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Though Ethiopia achieved the fourth Millennium Development Goal, commit to reducing under five child mortalities by the year 2015, but perinatal mortality has remained a major public health problem in Ethiopia, and the Tigray region is experiencing a high perinatal mortality rate. This study aimed to assess ...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-019-7642-z
更新日期:2019-10-16 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Poor maternal and child health indicators have been reported in Nigeria since the 1990s. Many interventions have been instituted to reverse the trend and ensure that Nigeria is on track to achieve the Millennium Development Goals. This systematic review aims at describing and indirectly measuring the effect ...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1688-3
更新日期:2015-04-09 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Research about the relationship between premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and major depression is limited. This study examined the relationship between moderate to severe PMS and major depression in a population-based sample of women of reproductive age. The objectives of the study were to assess the association b...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-795
更新日期:2011-10-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The prevalence of alcohol intake is increasing among women in some populations. Alcohol consumption plays an important role in the risk of major cardiovascular outcomes and total mortality. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis to estimate the association between alcohol intake and major cardiovascular outcomes...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,评审
doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2081-y
更新日期:2015-08-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The aim of the Activating Schoolyards Study is to develop, implement, document and assess a comprehensive schoolyard intervention to promote physical activity (PA) during school recess for primary school children (grade 4-8). The intervention is designed to implement organizational and structural changes in ...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1828-9
更新日期:2015-05-31 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Physical inactivity is a growing public health concern. Use of mobile applications (apps) may be a powerful tool to encourage physical activity and a healthy lifestyle. For instance, apps may be used in the preparation of a running event. However, there is little evidence for the relationship between app use...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2165-8
更新日期:2015-08-28 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:An estimated 25% of the alcohol consumed in China is traditional unrecorded alcohol produced and distributed informally. Consequently there is concern about its safety and its contribution to public health risk. Little has been written about this type of alcohol in China. METHODS:Researchers observed the ma...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2594-4
更新日期:2015-12-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) vaccine has undergone successful trials and has recently been approved for use for the primary prevention of cervical cancer. The aim of this study was to determine knowledge and attitudes towards HPV vaccination. METHODS:Semi-structured interview and questionnaire delivered in a...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-8-368
更新日期:2008-10-23 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The prevalence of comorbidity is high, with 80% of the elderly population having three or more chronic conditions. Comorbidity is associated with a decline in many health outcomes and increases in mortality and use of health care resources. The aim of this study was to identify, review and summarise studies ...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-8-221
更新日期:2008-06-27 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective biomedical strategy to prevent transmission of HIV infection, although medication adherence remains a challenge. We present the protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial to measure the effectiveness of a real-time monitoring and just-in-time interv...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1186/s12889-020-08709-2
更新日期:2020-07-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Several studies have shown a markedly higher mortality rate among disability pensioners than among non-retired. Since most disability pensions are granted because of non-fatal diseases the reason for the increased mortality therefore remains largely unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate potential ex...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-6-103
更新日期:2006-04-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:To evaluate the impact of a walking school bus (WSB) program on student transport in a low-income, urban neighborhood. METHODS:The design was a controlled, quasi-experimental trial with consecutive cross-sectional assessments. The setting was three urban, socioeconomically disadvantaged, public elementary s...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-9-122
更新日期:2009-05-04 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Studies have shown diverse strength of evidence for the associations between air pollutants and childhood asthma, but these associations have scarcely been documented in the early life. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impacts of various air pollutants on the development of asthma phenotypes in ...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-506
更新日期:2013-05-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Important unanswered questions remain on the impact of international sporting events on the sex industry. Speculation about increased demand and supply of sex work often generates significant attention, but also additional funding for HIV programmes. This study assessed whether changes occurred in the demand...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-763
更新日期:2012-09-11 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This study aims to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) by gender in Chinese rural adults. METHODS:A total of 29,993 participants aged from 18 to 79 years from the Henan Rural Cohort Study were included in this study. The...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-019-8086-1
更新日期:2019-12-27 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Previous studies have reported on adverse neonatal outcomes associated with parity and maternal age. Many of these studies have relied on cross-sectional data, from which drawing causal inference is complex. We explore the associations between parity/maternal age and adverse neonatal outcomes using data from...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-S3-S2
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Breastfeeding has been shown consistently in observational studies to be protective of overweight and obesity in later life. This study aimed to investigate the association between breastfeeding duration and weight status in a national sample of Australian children and adolescents. METHODS:A secondary analy...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-107
更新日期:2012-02-07 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Smoking prevention programs have been taught in schools to reduce the high smoking prevalence and its related problems among adolescent populations. Although short-term benefits have been observed, the long-term effectiveness of such programs appear to be inconsistent. This study aims at investigating the lo...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2428-4
更新日期:2015-10-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The debate on frailty in later life focuses primarily on deficits and their associations with adverse (health) outcomes. In addition to deficits, it may also be important to consider the abilities and resources of older adults. This study was designed to gain insights into the lived experiences of frailty am...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5088-3
更新日期:2018-01-30 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Young breast cancer patients have a lower rate of survival than old breast cancer patients due to being diagnosed at advanced stages. Breast self-examination makes women more "breast aware", which in turn may lead to an earlier diagnosis of breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate knowledg...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-8-359
更新日期:2008-10-17 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:It is widely believed that corporate actors exert substantial influence on the making of public health policy, including in the alcohol field. However, the industry is far from being monolithic, comprising a range of producers and retailers with varying and diverse interests. With a focus on contemporary deb...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-483
更新日期:2012-06-26 00:00:00