Abstract:
BACKGROUND:The optimal therapeutic strategies for patients presenting with advanced disease at HIV-1 diagnosis are as yet incompletely defined. METHODS:All patients presenting at two outpatient clinics in 2000-2009 with an AIDS-defining clinical condition or a CD4+ T cell count < 200/μL at HIV-1 diagnosis were analyzed for the presence of combined immunovirological response, defined by the concomitant presence of an absolute number of CD4+ T cells > 200 cells/μL and a plasma HIV-1 RNA copy number < 50/mL after 12 months of HAART. RESULTS:Among 102 evaluable patients, first-line regimens were protease inhibitors [PI]-based in 78 cases (77%) and efavirenz-based in 24 cases (23%). The overall response rate was 65% (95% CI: 55-74), with no differences by gender, age, nationality, route of transmission, hepatitis virus coinfections, presence of AIDS-defining clinical events, baseline HIV-1 viral load, or type of regimen (response rates with PI-based and efavirenz-based therapy: 63% and 71%, respectively, p = 0.474). Response rate was significantly better with higher baseline CD4+ T cell counts (78% with CD4+ ≥ 100/μL, compared to 50% with CD4+ < 100/μL; odds ratio: 3.5; 95% CI: 1.49-8.23, p = 0.003). Median time on first-line antiretroviral therapy was 24 months (interquartile range: 12-48). Switch to a second line treatment occurred in 57% of patients, mainly for simplification (57%), and was significantly more common with PI-based regimens [adjusted hazard ratios (AHR) with respect to efavirenz-based regimens: 3.88 for unboosted PIs (95% CI: 1.40-10.7, p = 0.009) and 4.21 for ritonavir-boosted PI (95% CI 1.7-10.4, p = 0.002)] and in older subjects (≥ 50 years) (AHR: 1.83; 95% CI: 1.02-3.31, p = 0.044). Overall mortality was low (3% after a median follow up of 48 months). CONCLUSIONS:Our data indicate that a favorable immunovirological response is possible in the majority of naive patients presenting at HIV-1 diagnosis with AIDS or low CD4+ T cell counts, and confirm that starting HAART with a more compromised immune system may be associated with a delayed and sometimes partial immune recovery. Simpler regimens may be preferable in this particular population.
journal_name
BMC Infect Disjournal_title
BMC infectious diseasesauthors
Esposito A,Floridia M,d'Ettorre G,Pastori D,Fantauzzi A,Massetti P,Ceccarelli G,Ajassa C,Vullo V,Mezzaroma Idoi
10.1186/1471-2334-11-341subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-12-14 00:00:00pages
341issn
1471-2334pii
1471-2334-11-341journal_volume
11pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:To provide a clear picture of the current hepatitis B situation, the authors performed a systematic review to estimate the age- and region-specific prevalence of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in Turkey. METHODS:A total of 339 studies with original data on the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1186/1471-2334-11-337
更新日期:2011-12-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Over the past several years, new diagnostic techniques have been developed to allow for the rapid detection of multidrug resistant tuberculosis. The GenoType MTBDRplus test is a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) strip assay which uses polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and hybridization to detect genetic mutations in...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2334-10-123
更新日期:2010-05-20 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Group B streptococcus (GBS) is reported as the leading cause of neonatal sepsis and meningitis. Newborns from GBS colonized pregnant women are at high risk of infection. METHOD:A Hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from November 05, 201...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12879-019-3859-9
更新日期:2019-04-16 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Confirmed H1N1 cases during late spring and summer 2009 in various countries showed a substantial age shift between importations and local transmission cases, with adults mainly responsible for seeding unaffected regions and children most frequently driving community outbreaks. METHODS:We introduce a multi-...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2334-13-176
更新日期:2013-04-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The East African region is endemic with multiple zoonotic diseases and is one of the hotspots for emerging infectious zoonotic diseases with reported multiple outbreaks of epidemic diseases such as Ebola, Marburg and Rift Valley Fever. Here we present a systematic assessment of published research on zoonotic...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12879-018-3443-8
更新日期:2018-11-03 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Anthrax had become extremely rare in Europe, but in 2010 an outbreak of anthrax among heroin users in Scotland increased awareness of contaminated heroin as a source of anthrax. We present the first two Danish cases of injectional anthrax and discuss the clinical presentations, which included both typical an...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2334-13-408
更新日期:2013-09-03 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:PCRctic is an innovative assay based on 16S rDNA PCR technology that has been designed to detect a single intact bacterium in a specimen of cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF). The assay's potential for accurate, fast and inexpensive discrimination of bacteria-free CSF makes it an ideal adjunct for confident exclusio...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12879-020-05160-x
更新日期:2020-06-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Enterocytozoon bieneusi has been increasingly reported to infect humans and various mammals. Microsporidia cause diarrhea in HIV-infected patients worldwide. PCR amplification and sequencing based on the internal transcribed spacer region have been used to describe the genotypes of E. bieneusi and transmissi...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12879-017-2787-9
更新日期:2017-10-13 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:It is widely assumed that voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) services contribute to HIV prevention by motivating clients to reduce sexual risk-taking. However, findings from sub-Saharan Africa have been mixed, particularly among HIV-negative persons. We explored associations between VCT use and changes ...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2334-14-159
更新日期:2014-03-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Mucormycosis is a rare but devastating fungal infection primarily affecting immunocompromised patients such as those with hematological malignancy, bone marrow and solid organ transplantation, and patients with diabetes, and, even more rarely, immunocompetent patients. The objective of this study was to asse...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12879-016-2023-z
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Uganda has experienced seven Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreaks and four Marburg Virus Disease (MVD) outbreaks between 2000 and 2019. We investigated the seroprevalence and risk factors for Marburg virus and ebolaviruses in gold mining communities around Kitaka gold mine in Western Uganda and compared them ...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12879-020-05187-0
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Human Rhinovirus (HRV) is responsible for the majority of common colds and is frequently accompanied by secondary bacterial infections through poorly understood mechanisms. We investigated the effects of experimental human HRV serotype 16 infection on the upper respiratory tract microbiota. METHODS:Six heal...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12879-015-1081-y
更新日期:2015-08-14 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Introduction of Xpert® MTB/RIF assay has revolutionalised the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) by simultaneously detecting the bacteria and resistance to rifampicin (rif), a surrogate marker for multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB) as well as one of the principal first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs. In general, rpo...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2334-14-481
更新日期:2014-09-04 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This study presents an analysis of 1,491 serogroup 23 and 762 serogroup 15 isolates from invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in children and adults before and after the general recommendation for childhood pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in Germany in July 2006. Vaccination formulations used were PCV7 (fr...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12879-015-0941-9
更新日期:2015-05-05 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This study aimed to identify ten different 16S rRNA methyltransferase genes (rmtA, rmtB, rmtC, rmtD, armA, rmtF, npmA, rmtH, rmtE and rmtG) and their coexisting ESBL and carbapenemase with the emergence of three E.coli clones within a single study centre. METHODS:A total of 329 non-duplicate E.coli isolates...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12879-020-05264-4
更新日期:2020-07-25 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:With the aim of preparing a more effective, safe and economical vaccine for tuberculosis, inhalable live mycobacterium formulations were evaluated. METHODS:Alginate particles in the size range of 2-4 μm were prepared by encapsulating live Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and "Mycobacterium indicus pranii" (MIP...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12879-019-4157-2
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The accuracy of different laboratory tests for diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (DM) and prediabetes (preDM) in populations exposed to tuberculosis (TB) remains poorly understood. Here, we examined the prevalence of DM and preDM in TB affected people in Lima, Peru. METHODS:A prospective cohort study of patien...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12879-019-4416-2
更新日期:2019-09-11 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), one the most common causes of genital ulcers, appears to increase both the risk of HIV acquisition and HIV transmission. HSV-2/HIV co-infection among pregnant women may increase the risk of perinatal transmission of HIV. This study describes rates of HSV-2 among pregnant ...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12879-017-2674-4
更新日期:2017-08-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is little knowledge regarding the prevalence and nature of renal impairment in African populations initiating antiretroviral treatment, nor evidence to inform the most cost effective methods of screening for renal impairment. With the increasing availability of the potentially nephrotixic drug, tenofov...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2334-9-143
更新日期:2009-08-28 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Several symptoms are classically thought to be suggestive of pertussis in children, but the diagnostic value of these symptoms in adolescent and adult patients is unclear. We evaluated the accuracy of the clinical findings for the early presumptive diagnosis of pertussis in adolescent and adult patients. Fur...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2334-13-129
更新日期:2013-03-11 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Within the genus Aspergillus, A. flavus is the second most important species of clinical significance. It is predominantly associated with infections involving sinuses, eye and skin, mostly in geographic regions with hot and arid climate, including the Middle East. Recent reports on emergence of resistance t...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2334-13-126
更新日期:2013-03-06 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Fungal infections are diagnosed increasingly often in patients affected by hematological diseases and their mortality has remained high. The recent development of new antifungal drugs gives the clinician the possibility to assess the combination of antifungal drugs with in-vitro or in animal-model synergisti...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2334-7-28
更新日期:2007-04-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate whether the serum procalcitonin (PCT) level can be utilized to guide the use of antibiotics in the treatment of acute exacerbations of asthma. METHODS:A total of 293 consecutive patients with suspected asthma attacks from February 2005 to July 2010 particip...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1186/1471-2334-13-596
更新日期:2013-12-17 00:00:00
abstract::While true antimicrobial resistance to Chlamydia trachomatis is a rare occurrence, repeat chlamydia infections continue to be reported following treatment with a single 1 g dose of azithromycin or week long doxycycline - with considerable more concern about azithromycin treatment failure. While most repeat positive ca...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/s12879-015-1030-9
更新日期:2015-07-29 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although various studies have demonstrated efficacy of DNA-recombinant anti-hepatitis B vaccines, their effectiveness in health care settings has not been researched adequately. This gap is particularly visible for blood donors, a group of significant importance in the reduction of transfusion-transmitted he...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2334-7-124
更新日期:2007-11-06 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The occurrence of antibiotic resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates is a serious public health problem in different corners of the globe. The objective of this study was to analyze the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of N. gonorrhoeae in Northwest Ethiopia. METHODS:This was a retrospective study of N...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2334-13-415
更新日期:2013-09-05 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) is divided in two distinct groups, ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and non-ventilator-associated HAP (nvHAP). Although nvHAP occurs more frequently than VAP and results in similar mortality and costs, prevention guidelines and prevention focus almost exclusively on VAP...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12879-020-05271-5
更新日期:2020-08-17 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The public health response to Zika outbreak has mostly focused on epidemiological surveillance, vector control, and individual level preventative measures. This qualitative study employs a social-ecological framework to examine how macro (historical, legislative, political, socio-economic factors), meso (sou...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12879-020-04987-8
更新日期:2020-04-03 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Vitamin D enhances host protective immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis by suppressing Interferon-gamma (IFN-g) and reducing disease associated inflammation in the host. The objectives of this study were to determine whether vitamin D supplementation to patients with tuberculosis (TB) could influen...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1186/1471-2334-13-22
更新日期:2013-01-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Patients asking for a free anonymous HIV test may have contracted other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as Chlamydia trachomatis, yet Chlamydia prevalence in that population is unknown. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with Chlamydia infection in patients seeking H...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12879-016-1915-2
更新日期:2016-10-26 00:00:00