Abstract:
:Discovery of a previously unknown Bronze Age civilization (Oxus civilization) centered on the oases of Central Asia revealed the presence of large, preplanned urban centers immediately above sterile soil. Given the absence of local antecedents, the sudden appearance and proliferation of these Oxus civilization urban centers in the oases of Bactria and Margiana immediately raised the issue of where the inhabitants of these urban centers came from. Three hypotheses have been offered by archaeologists to account for the origins of Oxus civilization populations. These include the early influence model, the late colonization model, and the trichotomy model. Eleven craniometric variables from 12 Aeneolithic and Bronze Age samples, encompassing 657 adults from Central Asia, Iran, and the Indus Valley, are compared to test which if any of these hypotheses are supported by the pattern of phenetic affinities possessed by the Oxus civilization inhabitants of the north Bactrian oasis. Craniometric differences between samples are compared with Mahalanobis generalized distance (d2), and patterns of phenetic affinity are assessed with two types of cluster analysis (WPGMA, neighbor-joining method), multidimensional scaling, and principal coordinates analysis. Results of this analysis provide no support for either the late colonization model or the trichotomy model but do offer some support for the early influence model. Nevertheless, it is clear that the early influence model fails to account for a shift in interregional contacts, perhaps from western China to the north around 2000 BC, that appears to have played a major role in the origins of the Oxus civilization inhabitants of the north Bactrian oasis.
journal_name
Am J Phys Anthropoljournal_title
American journal of physical anthropologyauthors
Hemphill BEdoi
10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199902)108:2<173::AID-AJPAsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-02-01 00:00:00pages
173-92issue
2eissn
0002-9483issn
1096-8644pii
10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199902)108:2<173::AID-AJPAjournal_volume
108pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Paleopathological analyses of skeletal remains have provided significant information about diet and health in prehistoric populations. A number of individuals have been recovered whose remains show evidence of impairments that would have precluded "normal" functioning, resulting in a disability. The most famous exampl...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330840402
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journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
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journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
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journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
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journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
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更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
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更新日期:1980-08-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
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更新日期:1987-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
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journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
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doi:10.1002/ajpa.21026
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
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journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
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journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
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更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
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pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
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journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
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更新日期:1977-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
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journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
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更新日期:1989-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.20897
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00