Abstract：
:Twenty well-trained runners (VO2max 4.6+/-0.5 L x min[-1]) were age and ability matched and assigned to either a cross training (CT) or run only group (RT). All subjects maintained normal running distance and intensity for 6 wk and reported for three additional training sessions per week. These workouts were performed outdoors on a 400-m track or measured road course (RT) or on a bicycle ergometer (CT). The sessions were as follows: (work x rest(-1) ratio = 1): 5 x 5 min at >95% VO2max/peak (Monday), 50-60 min at 70% VO2max/peak (Wednesday), and 3 x 2.5 min at >105% VO2max/peak, plus 6 x 1.25 min at >115% VO2max/peak (Friday). Subjects were tested before (PRE), after 3 wk (MID), and after 6 wk (POST) of intensified training. Blood samples were obtained from RT, CT, and ten controls (CON) at each time point (0600 h). Runners also completed a 10-min submaximal run at the same absolute intensity (velocity to elicit 75% of initial V02max) during which heart rate, RPE, and VO2 were measured. Each runner then completed a simulated 5-km race (time trial) on a treadmill. Total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT), cortisol (C), and creatine kinase activity (CK) were determined. Running economy was similar between RT and CT; however, RPE decreased significantly at MID and POST compared with that at PRE (P < 0.05; time effect). There were no significant differences among groups for TT, FT, or CK, but C was significantly lower in CON than in RT and CT. Performance was significantly faster (P < 0.05; time effect) in the 5-km race at MID (1076.1+/-81.4 s) and POST (1068.6+/-83.9) compared with PRE (1096.6+/-79.5) but was not different between CT and RT. In conclusion, RT and CT responded similarly to 6 wk of increased training, and both groups improved 5-km performance to a similar extent.
journal_name
Med Sci Sports Exercjournal_title
Medicine and science in sports and exerciseauthors
Flynn MG,Carroll KK,Hall HL,Bushman BA,Brolinson PG,Weideman CAdoi
10.1097/00005768-199802000-00019subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-02-01 00:00:00pages
294-300issue
2eissn
0195-9131issn
1530-0315journal_volume
30pub_type
杂志文章abstract：PURPOSE:Strain magnitude is known to be a primary determinant of the osteogenic response to loading. However, whether bone adaptation to muscle loading is determined primarily by load magnitude is unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the contribution of load magnitude from muscle action on the site-speci...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005768-199909000-00009
更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The study's purpose was to relate body mass index (BMI) to body fat percentage as measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in female elite athletes from different sports and nonathletic controls and to investigate what characterizes the athletes with unhealthy low and high body fat values. METHODS:This stu...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e31823fe4ef
更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The objective of this study is to test the feasibility and impact of a 10-wk after-school exercise program for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and/or disruptive behavior disorders living in an urban poor community. METHODS:Children were randomized to an exercise program (n = 19) or a com...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000000891
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The SenseWear Pro2 Armband (SWA; BodyMedia, Inc., Pittsburg, PA), the Intelligent Device for Energy Expenditure and Activity (IDEEA; Minisun LLC, Fresno, CA), and the ActiReg (AR; PreMed AS, Oslo, Norway) were compared with indirect calorimetry to determine the ability of these devices to assess energy cost in ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e31818896f4
更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Anthropometric and demographic characteristics are important determinants of exercise performance in healthy subjects, but their influence has not yet been studied in severe chronic heart failure, although peak oxygen uptake is frequently assessed in such patients for prognostic purposes. The aim of the present analys...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005768-199706000-00002
更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Maximizing carbohydrate availability is important for many endurance events. Combining pectin and sodium alginate with ingested maltodextrin-fructose (MAL + FRU + PEC + ALG) has been suggested to enhance carbohydrate delivery via hydrogel formation, but the influence on exogenous carbohydrate oxidation remains ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000002262
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The serum levels of testosterone, free testosterone, prolactin, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) were measured at rest, during 45 min of exercise on a bicycle ergometer at 50% of the subjects' previously determined maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), and during a 30-min recovery period. Ten...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:the objective of this study was to characterize the biomechanical effects of step rate modification during running on the hip, knee, and ankle joints so as to evaluate a potential strategy to reduce lower extremity loading and risk for injury. METHODS:three-dimensional kinematics and kinetics were recorded fro...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181ebedf4
更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:For high-intensity muscular exercise, the time-to-exhaustion (t) increases as a predictable and hyperbolic function of decreasing power (P) or velocity (V ). This relationship is highly conserved across diverse species and different modes of exercise and is well described by two parameters: the "critical power" (CP or...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181d9cf7f
更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Most studies of physical fitness change have been relatively small, not population-based, and lacking in women and nonwhites. The purpose of this analysis was to evaluate the 7-yr change in physical fitness in a biracial (black and white) population of young men and women. METHODS:We evaluated change in exerci...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005768-199803000-00014
更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The magnitude of atrophy and strength loss induced by partial or complete disuse of skeletal muscles varies greatly among individuals. Factors predisposing some individuals to more extreme responses have not been identified. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether 1) level of activity before ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1249/01.mss.0000176302.99185.be
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To test the hypothesis that the initial O2 uptake kinetics during exercise where the rise in blood flow (and, by implication, O2 delivery) to the working muscles during an abrupt increase in exercise intensity is reduced (i.e., arm exercise performed above the level of the heart) would be faster when preceded b...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/01.mss.0000159013.20244.f8
更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that stretch-activated ion channel (SAC) function is essential for the repeated bout effect (RBE) in skeletal muscle. Specifically, we investigated if daily injections of streptomycin (a known SAC blocker) would abrogate the muscle's adaptive resistance to th...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e318187cffa
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Previous studies have suggested that extreme endurance exercise may induce cardiac microdamage that could lead to subsequent myocardial fibrosis. Soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2) is a cardiac biomarker for assessment of myocardial fibrosis, inflammation, and strain. We evaluated baseline and exerc...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000001806
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000000662
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/mss.0b013e318158b504
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005768-199710000-00015
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To quantify variations in plantar pressure variables in healthy adults across five cardiovascular exercises. METHODS:Ten young (19-35 yr old) and 10 middle-aged (45-60 yr old) individuals participated. After equipment familiarization, plantar pressure data were recorded during walking, running, elliptical trai...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/mss.0b013e318148bdfa
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Physical activity guidelines recommend at least 150 min of moderate-intensity physical activity (MPA), 75 min of vigorous-intensity physical activity (VPA), or combination of MPA and VPA. However, few epidemiological studies have examined whether the general population can derive equal health benefits from MPA ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000001463
更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:This study aimed to examine the influence of sagittal plane trunk posture on lower extremity energetics during running. METHODS:Forty asymptomatic recreational runners (20 males and 20 females) ran overground at a speed of 3.4 m·s(-1). Sagittal plane trunk kinematics and lower extremity kinematics and energeti...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000000436
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1249/01.mss.0000233801.46906.9b
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/00005768-198410000-00012
更新日期：1984-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This symposium is concerned with the use of resistive exercise in cardiac and coronary prone populations. In the past, these populations have been refrained from resistive exercise. However, recent studies suggest that this form of exercise is safe and has favorable effects on physical fitness, cardiac risk factors su...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00
