Abstract:
OBJECTIVES:From 1985 to 1995, drivers younger than 21 years experienced a 50% drop in fatal crashes involving alcohol. This study addresses whether the decrease is explained by young drivers' drinking less or by their separating drinking from driving. METHODS:Nighttime roadside surveys were conducted in 3 communities to test drivers' breath and administer questionnaires on drinking practices. From 1992 to 1996, 34,898 drivers (21% of whom were younger than 21 years) were interviewed. RESULTS:Although drivers younger than 21 years were more likely to have consumed 6 or more drinks on at least 1 occasion during the previous month, a smaller percentage of younger drivers than of older drivers had blood alcohol concentrations of 0.01 or higher. CONCLUSIONS:Younger drivers are more likely than drivers older than 21 years to separate drinking from driving.
journal_name
Am J Public Healthjournal_title
American journal of public healthauthors
Roeper PJ,Voas RBdoi
10.2105/ajph.89.5.755subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-05-01 00:00:00pages
755-7issue
5eissn
0090-0036issn
1541-0048journal_volume
89pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVES:We assessed whether an intervention based on acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and mindfulness was successful in promoting positive mental health by enhancing psychological flexibility. METHODS:Participants were 93 adults with mild to moderate psychological distress. They were randomly assigned to the...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2010.196196
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Conceptually, the only element that all Latin American countries share is not language, race, or culture, but political: the presence of United States foreign policy as pronounced in the Monroe Doctrine in 1823. The political relation between the US and Latin America has colored US domestic policy toward its populatio...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.77.1.61
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To measure cost-effectiveness of an intervention to increase retrofitting of rollover protective structures (ROPS) on tractors. METHODS:Tractor overturns are the leading cause of farm fatalities. ROPS prevent these deaths. This study updates a 2011 cost-effectiveness assessment of a New York State intervent...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2018.304644
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We evaluated changing patterns of tobacco use following a period of forced tobacco abstinence in a US military cohort to determine rates of harm elimination (e.g., tobacco cessation), harm reduction (e.g., from smoking to smokeless tobacco use), and harm escalation (e.g., from smoking to dual use or from smo...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.175091
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship between corneal arcus (arcus senilis) and mortality from coronary heart disease (CHD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is examined in a prospective study of White men (n = 3,930) and women non-hormone users (n = 2,139), ages 30-69, followed for an average of 8.4 years as part of the Lipid Research Cli...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.80.10.1200
更新日期:1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES: To test the efficacy of Reducing the Risk (RTR) and Love Notes (LN) on reducing risky sexual behavior among youths yet to experience or cause a pregnancy. METHODS: The four dependent variables were ever had sex, condom use, birth control use, and number of sexual partners at 3- and 6-month follow-up in a 3...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303429
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This psychiatric epidemiology study following the Mount St. Helens volcanic disaster revealed a significant morbidity for psychiatric disorders. The increased prevalence showed a dose response pattern in three population groups. The findings are reported as relative and attributable risk for the two exposed population...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.76.suppl.76
更新日期:1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:It is widely believed that risk factors identified in previous epidemiologic studies accurately predict adolescent drug use. Comparative studies are needed to determine how risk factors vary in prevalence, distribution, sensitivity, and pattern across the major US ethnic/racial groups. METHODS:Baseline ques...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.83.2.185
更新日期:1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined the effects of market income inequality (income inequality before taxes and transfers) and income redistribution via taxes and transfers on inequality in longevity. METHODS:We used life tables to compute Gini coefficients of longevity inequality for all individuals and for individuals who surviv...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302849
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We explored the relationship between social isolation and mortality in a nationally representative US sample and compared the predictive power of social isolation with that of traditional clinical risk factors. METHODS:We used data on 16,849 adults from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Su...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301261
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Disablement Process model explicates the transition from health conditions to disability and specifically emphasizes the role of intervening factors that speed up or slow down the pathway between pathology and disability. We used hierarchical Poisson regression analyses with data on older adults from central North...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2004.054494
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We sought to describe the extent and nature of contact with the health care system before suicide among veterans with substance use disorders (SUDs). METHODS:We examined all male Veterans Health Administration patients who died by suicide between October 1, 1999, and September 30, 2007, and who had a docume...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300392
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study determined factors associated with drug resistance among 3496 patients with tuberculosis who resided in Texas counties along the Mexican border. METHODS:Univariate and logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors associated with drug resistance. RESULTS:Among patients wit...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.90.2.271
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The case of Hanna Porn affords an opportunity to examine how the laws that led to the abolition of midwifery in Massachusetts evolved and were applied to the midwife whose case set the state legal precedent. Mrs Porn served primarily a Finnish-Swedish clientele of wives of laborers. The outcomes of the births she atte...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.84.6.1022
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Objectives. To assess if historical redlining, the US government's 1930s racially discriminatory grading of neighborhoods' mortgage credit-worthiness, implemented via the federally sponsored Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC) color-coded maps, is associated with contemporary risk of preterm birth (< 37 weeks gestati...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2020.305656
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES: To determine if the Teen Outreach Program (TOP), a youth development and service learning program, can reduce sexual risk-taking behaviors compared with a business as usual or benign counterfactual. METHODS: We synthesized results of 5 independent studies conducted in 5 geographically and ethnically divers...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303307
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined HIV-infected parents' conversations about HIV prevention with their uninfected children, including what facilitated or hindered communication. METHODS:Parents with HIV/AIDS (n = 90) who had children aged 10 to 18 years were recruited for a mixed method study from 2009 to 2010. Interviews assesse...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.301111
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To assess the level of HIV-related risk behavior among the general US adult population, we analyzed data from the first sexual behavior questions available for states to use with the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. METHODS:The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System is a state-specific, popul...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.91.11.1882
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::To assess the association with birthweight of prenatal medical care, length of gestation, and other prenatal factors, birth certificate data were studied for babies born in 1978 to mothers who were residents of Alameda or Contra Costa counties, California. Using multiple regression data analytic techniques, adequate p...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.74.9.1003
更新日期:1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We evaluated the risks of brain cancer in relation to employment history in a case-control study of 312 cases and 1,248 cancer controls. Subjects were identified through the Missouri Cancer Registry for the period 1984 through 1988. Job classification was based on data routinely abstracted from hospital records. Eleva...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.80.2.169
更新日期:1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To describe changes in suspected heroin overdose emergency department (ED) visits. Methods. We analyzed quarterly and yearly changes in heroin overdoses during 2017-2018 by using data from 23 states and jurisdictions (including the District of Columbia) funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Preventio...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2019.305053
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The association of life events and mental health impairment was studied in a community-based population of the elderly (n = 986). A crude estimate of the relative risk for mental health impairment given life events larger than or equal to 150 (as measured by the Schedule of Recent Events) was 2.14. A relative risk of ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.70.11.1174
更新日期:1980-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This paper measured the extent to which human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has spread among the male working-class population of Santos, Brazil. METHODS:Questionnaires on risk behaviors and blood tests were administered to a random sample (n = 395) of male port workers employed by the Santos Port ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.86.8_pt_1.1158
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We present the first reported cases of individuals with mental retardation who have subsequently become infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The implications of this finding for agencies which provide services to persons with mental retardation are described. Where conflicts arise, the authors propose tha...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.79.4.491
更新日期:1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To update previous examinations of racial/ethnic disparities in the use of lethal force by US police. METHODS:I examined online national vital statistics data for deaths assigned an underlying cause of "legal intervention" (International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, external-cause-of-injury co...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303575
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined the roles of Doctors of Podiatric Medicine (DPMs) and orthopedic surgeons in the provision of foot surgery by analyzing the 1982 computerized claims of over 1.1 million federal employees, retirees, and family members. We found that DPMs provided over 60 per cent of all elective insured foot surgery. Withou...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.77.8.987
更新日期:1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::From 1983 to 1985, the New York City Department of Health investigated five workplace outbreaks of rubella. Approximately 40 per cent of the 265 cases were detected among women of child-bearing age (15-44 years). Data are reviewed from the 1983 Financial District outbreak to illustrate the continued susceptibility of ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.77.6.725
更新日期:1987-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:In this study, we examine the impact of a school-based curriculum designed to reduce violence among urban sixth-grade students. METHODS:This study used a staggered implementation design in which sixth-graders in six middle schools were taught an 18-session violence-prevention curriculum during either the fa...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.87.6.979
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most exposure to low-level ionizing radiation, both diagnostic x-rays and nuclear radiation, occur in the range between 100 milirads and 10 rads--the "one rad range". In the past, the estimates of hazards in this range have been obtained by linear extrapolation from data on persons who were exposed to much higher dosa...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.69.2.130
更新日期:1979-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We analyzed the relationship between physician migration from developing source countries to more developed host countries (brain drain) and the developmental and global health profiles of source countries. METHODS:We used a cross-section of 141 countries that lost emigrating physicians to the 4 major desti...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2006.095844
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00