Abstract:
OBJECTIVES:This study examined the effect of an active program of household lead paint hazard abatement, applied over 22 years, on childhood lead poisoning in Massachusetts. METHODS:A small areas analysis was used to compare screening blood lead levels of children in Worcester County, Mass (n = 27,590), with those in Providence County, RI (n = 19,071). Data were collapsed according to census tract. RESULTS:The percentage of children with lead poisoning (blood lead level > or = 20 micrograms/dL [Pe20]) was, on average, 3 times higher in Providence County census tracts (3.2% vs 0.9% in Worcester County census tracts, P < .0001), despite similar percentages of pre-1950s housing in both counties. The ratio of Pe20 in Providence vs Worcester County census tracts was 2.2 (95% confidence interval = 1.8, 2.7), after adjustment for differences in housing, sociodemographic, and screening characteristics. This estimate was robust to alternative regression methods and sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS:Massachusetts policy, which requires lead paint abatement of children's homes and places liability for lead paint poisoning on property owners, may have substantially reduced childhood lead poisoning in that state.
journal_name
Am J Public Healthjournal_title
American journal of public healthauthors
Sargent JD,Dalton M,Demidenko E,Simon P,Klein RZdoi
10.2105/ajph.89.11.1690subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-11-01 00:00:00pages
1690-5issue
11eissn
0090-0036issn
1541-0048journal_volume
89pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVES:We sought to determine whether US physicians' practice patterns in treating tobacco use at ambulatory visits improved over the past decade with the appearance of national clinical practice guidelines, new smoking cessation medications, and public reporting of physician performance in counseling smokers. MET...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2006.092577
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined the influence of neighborhood environment on the weight status of adults 55 years and older. METHODS:We conducted a 2-level logistic regression analysis of data from the 2002 wave of the Health and Retirement Study. We included 8 neighborhood scales: economic advantage, economic disadvantage, ai...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2007.127712
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This population-based case-control study of North Carolina workplaces evaluated the hypothesis that employers' policies allowing firearms in the workplace may increase workers' risk of homicide. Workplaces where guns were permitted were about 5 times as likely to experience a homicide as those where all weapons were p...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2003.033535
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In an effort to keep abreast of the changing needs of a more affluent society and to ensure better value for money, the British are reforming their National Health Service. They are promoting competition and entrepreneurship, and directing funding to follow a patient rather than flowing directly to institutions. Briti...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.81.12.1566
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To estimate homicide rates of transgender US residents and relative risks (RRs) of homicide with respect to cisgender comparators intersected with age, gender, and race/ethnicity. METHODS:I estimated homicide rates for transgender residents and transfeminine, Black, Latin@, and young (aged 15-34 years) subp...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303878
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This report examines the impact of an economic embargo from 1991 to 1994 on health, well-being, and human rights in Haiti. METHODS:Data from surveillance systems for nutrition, reportable diseases, and hospital diagnoses were combined with survey data and interviews with affected women, governmental represe...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.89.10.1499
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This paper measured the extent to which human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has spread among the male working-class population of Santos, Brazil. METHODS:Questionnaires on risk behaviors and blood tests were administered to a random sample (n = 395) of male port workers employed by the Santos Port ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.86.8_pt_1.1158
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Because of their youth, adolescent parents often lack the interpersonal skills necessary to manage the relationship challenges involved in parenting, leaving them and their children vulnerable to the health risks associated with relational stress and conflict. The primary goal of this study was to test the e...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.300902
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:In this study, we examine the impact of a school-based curriculum designed to reduce violence among urban sixth-grade students. METHODS:This study used a staggered implementation design in which sixth-graders in six middle schools were taught an 18-session violence-prevention curriculum during either the fa...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.87.6.979
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Women of lower socioeconomic status and women of color in the United States have higher rates of abortion than women of higher socioeconomic status and White women. Opponents of abortion use these statistics to argue that abortion providers are exploiting women of color and low socioeconomic status, and thus, regulati...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301339
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined the relationship between 4 low-risk behaviors-never smoked, healthy diet, adequate physical activity, and moderate alcohol consumption-and mortality in a representative sample of people in the United States. METHODS:We used data from 16958 participants aged 17 years and older in the National Hea...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300167
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The unusual resistance of the "unconventional viruses" to inactivation by the commonly used disinfectants has led to a high degree of apprehension regarding patients with any form of dementia. The rapid adaptation of a newly acquired isolate of the agent of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) to mice made possible this la...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.73.6.661
更新日期:1983-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To review the contribution of the Nurses' Health Studies (NHS and NHS II) in addressing hypotheses regarding risk factors for and consequences of obesity. METHODS:Narrative review of the publications of the NHS and NHS II between 1976 and 2016. RESULTS:Long-term NHS research has shown that weight gain and ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303326
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Objectives. To quantify the number of people in the US who delay medical care annually because of lack of available transportation and to examine the differential prevalence of this barrier for adults across sociodemographic characteristics and patient populations.Methods. We used data from the National Health Intervi...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2020.305579
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We compared social network characteristics of African American men who have sex with men only (MSMO) with social network characteristics of African American men who have sex with men and women (MSMW). METHODS:Study participants were 234 African American men who have sex with men who completed a baseline soc...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300281
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined associations among 3 dimensions of sexual orientation (identity, behavior, and attraction) and key health-related indicators commonly studied among sexual minority populations: depressive symptoms, perceived stress, smoking, binge drinking, and victimization. METHODS:We analyzed data from the Na...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300262
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To determine the impact of the 2007-2009 economic crisis on tuberculosis (TB) trends among California residents. METHODS:We analyzed available data from 4 different population-representative data sets. We used time charts, trend lines, and change-point detection tests during 2000 to 2016 to describe TB tren...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2018.304816
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study sought to identify characteristics of high-risk pregnant women that predicted long-term participation in a home visitation program. METHODS:Data regarding sociodemographic characteristics, perceived needs, psychological functioning, substance use, and informal social support were collected prospe...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.90.1.121
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::All locatable subjects (n = 94) for whom tuberculosis prevalence had been determined in an earlier study were tested with purified protein derivative (PPD) and control antigens, sputum sampling, and chest x-rays. Of the 46 who had been tuberculin negative (confirmed with control antigens) 3 years earlier, 2 had develo...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.84.11.1836
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We tested the efficacy of a simple, visual cue to increase hand washing with soap and water. Automated towel dispensers in 8 public bathrooms were set to present a towel either with or without activation by users. We set the 2 modes to operate alternately for 10 weeks. Wireless sensors were used to record entry into b...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301477
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Addiction is a complex brain disease with frequently overlapping expressions involving nicotine, alcohol, and other drugs. Yet current health care practices, public policies, and national treatment data too often exclude nicotine or address its use as completely separate from other forms of substance use and addiction...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301448
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Electronic health records and electronic health information exchange are essential to improving quality of care, reducing medical errors and health disparities, and advancing the delivery of patient-centered medical care. In the US correctional setting, these goals are critical because of the high numbers of Americans...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301845
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This analysis describes trends in the prevalence of genital chlamydial infection in economically disadvantaged young women entering a national job training program. METHODS:We examined chlamydia test data for May 1990 through June 1997 for women aged 16 to 24 years who enrolled in the program. The significa...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.91.8.1287
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Texas Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) sought to engage the WIC staff and community in the implementation of relevant and effective client-centered nutrition education. The program was implemented in a 4-stage framework. The collaborative process of developing client-ce...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302512
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Water is essential in providing nutrients, but contaminated water contributes to poor population health. Water quality and availability can change in unstructured situations, such as war. To develop a practical strategy to address poor water quality resulting from intermittent wars in Iraq, I reviewed information from...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.301118
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Children screened for lead poisoning in the Brownsville district of New York City in either summer or winter were followed with blood lead tests for approximately six months to one year from screening to measure longitudinal changes in blood lead level and to identify some determinants of the changes. Only minimal evi...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.69.4.348
更新日期:1979-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this study was to identify behaviors associated with change in body mass index or with weight gain at the waist. METHODS:A cohort of 79236 White, non-Hispanic, healthy adults was questioned in 1982 and 1992 about diet and 10 physical activities. Estimates were made of the mean effects of stab...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.87.5.747
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Russia, rates of alcohol consumption and homicide are among the highest in the world, and already-high levels increased dramatically after the breakup of the Soviet Union. Rates of both, however, vary greatly among Russia's 89 regions. We took advantage of newly available vital statistics and socioeconomic data to ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.92.12.1921
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study characterized changes in sexual and reproductive behaviors from 1985 through 1995 among American females aged 15 to 19 years and related these changes to family factors. METHODS:Nationally representative sample survey data from the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth were analyzed with Weibull ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.90.9.1421
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oral health needs are urgent in rural states. Creative, broad-based, and collaborative solutions can alleviate these needs. "Health commons" sites are enhanced, community-based, primary care safety net practices that include medical, behavioral, social, public, and oral health services. Successful intervention require...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.98.supplement_1.s89
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00