Diagnosis of endometriosis.

abstract：:Sepsis is a leading cause of death in pregnancy and results in significant perinatal mortality. These deaths occur despite the younger age of pregnant patients, the low rate of comorbid conditions and the potential for effective interventions that should result in rapid resolution of illness. To date, no "evidence-bas...

journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America

authors： Guinn DA,Abel DE,Tomlinson MW

更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Urinary tract abnormalities are fairly common in the perinatal period. Ultrasonography is an effective diagnostic tool for identifying fetal urinary tract anomalies and can be helpful in establishing prognosis and guiding treatment decisions. The sonographer is encouraged to characterize and localize the fetal urinary...

journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America

authors： Stamilio DM,Morgan MA

更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article focuses on the clinical evaluation and management of women who have thrombophilia-related placental vascular complications, including fetal loss, pre-eclampsia, intrauterine fetal growth restriction, and placental abruption. All are major causes of maternal and fetal adverse outcomes. ...

journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America

authors： Brenner B

更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:All the existing data show that combination estrogen/progestogen therapy is mandatory if any replacement therapy is to be given to the woman over age 40. Sufficient evidence has indicated that estrogen alone is inadequate; progestogen must be given to prevent endometrial hyperplasia, lower the risk of breast cancer, a...

journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America

authors： Upton GV

更新日期：1987-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The incidence of malignant melanoma is rising, and this may be the most frequently encountered malignancy during pregnancy. Because effective treatment of advanced or metastatic disease remains elusive, the key to adequate therapy is surveillance for early disease with prompt diagnostic work-up and treatment. Review o...

journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America

authors： Squatrito RC,Harlow SP

更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article discusses the role of ultrasound in assessing endometrial and uterine factors affecting the implantation of the embryo. Modern ultrasound equipment includes advanced Doppler and three-dimensional facilities that refine our understanding of factors that affect implantation such as endometrial blood flow. T...

journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America

authors： Campbell S

更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Single-stranded nucleic acid molecules that are complementary to each other will form hybrids under appropriate conditions. Hybridization tests make use of this phenomenon and employ labeled molecules called probes to detect specific complementary molecules called targets. Nucleic acid hybridization is the most sensit...

journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America

authors： Lörincz AT

更新日期：1987-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Since its introduction more than 20 years ago, continuous electronic FHR monitoring has become the standard in most modern obstetric units. Practitioners well versed in FHR pattern interpretation do not question the value of fetal monitoring. Not only does this modality detect hypoxia early in its evolution, but also ...

journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America

authors： Penning S,Garite TJ

更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) has been used a successful and safe first-trimester prenatal diagnostic technique for over 12 years. Developed to avoid the medical and psychological complications of later prenatal diagnosis by amniocentesis, CVS rapidly has become a primary tool for the diagnosis of fetal cytogenetic,...

journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America

authors： Wapner RJ

更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Puerperal inversion of the uterus is an unusual and potentially life-threatening event occurring in the third stage of labor, but when managed promptly and aggressively inversion can result in minimal maternal morbidity and mortality. Once the diagnosis of inversion is made, measures should be undertaken to manage and...

journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America

authors： Wendel PJ,Cox SM

更新日期：1995-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hormone replacement therapy should be discussed with every postmenopausal woman and should be the first therapy offered to treat hot flashes owing to its high efficacy and other beneficial properties. Women who are ineligible for or uncomfortable with estrogen replacement therapy and who suffer from hot flashes that i...

journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America

authors： Ginsburg ES

更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Reproductive health can be a reflection of overall health. It follows that abnormalities of reproductive milestones may be a manifestation of unhealthy aging. Since 1994, the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) has assessed how menopause and the process of that transition may affect future health. Themes ...

journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America

authors： Santoro N,Sutton-Tyrrell K

更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The influence of physiologic, psychologic, and cultural influences on human sexuality is reviewed. These factors are considered in the exploration of how adolescents express their sexuality and the consequences of that expression. ...

journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America

authors： Brown RT,Cromer BA,Fischer R

更新日期：1992-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An understanding of cesarean delivery for nonreassuring fetal heart rate tracing is important for several reasons. This article describes the prevalence of cesarean for nonreassuring fetal heart rate tracing and risk factors, indicates what type of fetal heart rate tracing abnormalities prompts cesarean delivery, reit...

journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America

authors： Hendrix NW,Chauhan SP

更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Voiding dysfunction in women results from either a failure of the bladder to contract appropriately or a failure of the urethra or bladder neck to relax during attempts at micturition. Complaints of urinary frequency and urgency most often accompany voiding dysfunction. Associated symptoms, which are not always presen...

journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America

authors： Bowen LW

更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy remains a challenge to the clinician, despite advances in sonographic and biochemical technology. Contemporary practice requires an understanding of the normal sonographic features and hormonal profiles for normal pregnancy as well as the pathogenesis of an ectopic nidation. Frequent...

journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America

authors： Cartwright PS

更新日期：1991-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This report summarizes the current literature on abdominal, laparoscopic, and transvaginal mesh for the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse. This article reviews objective and subjective cure rates as well as complications associated with synthetic mesh use for pelvic organ prolapse repair. The focus is on the latest l...

journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America

authors： Richter LA,Sokol AI

更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cervical cancer is a preventable disease that is curable when it is detected early. For advanced-stage cancer, the prognosis is worse. Over the years, much progress has been made in radiation therapy and in chemotherapy, but it took three decades for the arrival of concurrent chemoradiation therapy, which significantl...

journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America

authors： Im SS,Monk BJ

更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hysteroscopy and hysterography approach the uterine cavity in different ways and each has advantages and limitations. Hysteroscopy is more accurate for the diagnosis of abnormalities that project into the uterine cavity such as polyps, submucous myomas, endometrial hyperplasia, and endometrial adenocarcinoma. Contrast...

journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America

authors： Barbot J

更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Women who use tobacco, alcohol and drugs during pregnancy are at increased risk of maternal and fetal morbidity. Universal screening using empirically validated approaches can improve identification of substance-using pregnant women and facilitate comprehensive assessment of treatment needs. There is strong evidence f...

journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America

authors： Haug NA,Duffy M,McCaul ME

更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The surgical procedures used for the treatment of chronic pelvic pain, their indications, and success rates are reviewed. A thorough preoperative evaluation is presented that will enable the physician to detect patients at high risk for surgical failure and those who will be more appropriately managed with nonsurgical...

journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America

authors： Parsons LH,Stovall TG

更新日期：1993-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Medical treatment of ectopic pregnancy with methotrexate has been shown to be effective and safe in appropriate patients. When considering medical management, the definitive diagnosis of an ectopic pregnancy and the assurance that the patient is a candidate are of paramount concern. An understanding of the mechanism o...

journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America

authors： Barnhart K,Esposito M,Coutifaris C

更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Women with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) represent a highly heterogeneous group of patients. Past studies have investigated systemic endocrine and immunologic mechanisms as potential causes for pregnancy loss in unexplained RPL, while exciting new work has focused on spermatozoal, embryonic, and endometri...

journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America

authors： Saravelos SH,Regan L

更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It appears that both laparoscopic and laparotomy approaches to myomectomy are viable surgical procedures. Both surgeries can be performed with minimal risk. Pregnancy rates after either procedure are high. The advantage of laparotomy over laparoscopy is that it is technically easier. On the other hand, laparoscopy ena...

journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America

authors： Miller CE

更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Abnormal uterine bleeding occurs secondary to a wide variety of functional and structural abnormalities. Although there is clearly a place for surgery, medical therapy has enormous potential for most women, especially those with dysfunctional uterine bleeding. To provide women with appropriate options for therapy, the...

journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America

authors： Munro MG

更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Breast symptoms are appropriately evaluated by a breast-oriented history and by the diagnostic triad of clinical breast examination, FNA, and mammography. In the case of a palpable dominant mass, concordance of the diagnostic triad yields a reliable clinical diagnosis. If there is not concordance, or if there is any d...

journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America

authors： Hindle WH

更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) accompanies miscarriage, intrauterine fetal demise, and preterm birth. Levels of PTSD may be higher for women who experience acute, life-threatening events during labor and delivery. Severe maternal morbidities or near misses for maternal death disproportionately impact African Am...

journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America

authors： Small MJ,Gondwe KW,Brown HL

更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vaginal bleeding is the most common cause of emergency care in the first trimester of pregnancy and accounts for the majority of premenopausal bleeding cases. Ultrasound evaluation combined with a quantitative beta human chorionic gonadotropin test is an established diagnostic tool to assess these patients. Spontaneou...

journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America

authors： Paspulati RM,Turgut AT,Bhatt S,Ergun E,Dogra VS

更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepatitis B virus is an important sexually transmitted organism that causes not only disease in sexual partners but important perinatal illness as well. The obstetrician-gynecologist must be aware of the epidemiology and the pathophysiology of HBV infections, as well as strategies for treatment and prevention. Physici...

journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America

authors： Pastorek JG 2nd

更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As many as 50% of spontaneous preterm births are infection-associated. Intrauterine infection leads to a maternal and fetal inflammatory cascade, which produces uterine contractions and may also result in long-term adverse outcomes, such as cerebral palsy. This article addresses the prevalence, microbiology, and manag...

journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America

authors： Klein LL,Gibbs RS

更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00