Abstract：
:Breast symptoms are appropriately evaluated by a breast-oriented history and by the diagnostic triad of clinical breast examination, FNA, and mammography. In the case of a palpable dominant mass, concordance of the diagnostic triad yields a reliable clinical diagnosis. If there is not concordance, or if there is any doubt about the diagnosis either on the part of the physician or the patient, open surgical biopsy provides the definitive histologic diagnosis. The goal in clinical practice is to detect nonpalpable cancers by ordering screening mammography for all patients eligible by age, history, or both. The long-term cancer-free survival of women treated for nonpalpable breast cancer is excellent.
journal_name
Obstet Gynecol Clin North Amjournal_title
Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North Americaauthors
Hindle WHsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-09-01 00:00:00pages
499-517issue
3eissn
0889-8545issn
1558-0474journal_volume
21pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Prevalence studies show that 1 in 5 women experience an episode of major depressive disorder during their lifetime. The peripartum period is a prime time for symptom exacerbation and relapse of depressive episodes. Health care providers, specifically those in obstetric care, should be aware of: (1) the frequency of de...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ogc.2009.10.006
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Medical treatment of ectopic pregnancy with methotrexate has been shown to be effective and safe in appropriate patients. When considering medical management, the definitive diagnosis of an ectopic pregnancy and the assurance that the patient is a candidate are of paramount concern. An understanding of the mechanism o...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0889-8545(05)70162-5
更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Desire and arousal disorders are very common. These disorders can cause significant distress to a patient. A successful approach depends on an accurate diagnosis, which is dependent on history. Laboratory evaluation is usually not helpful, whereas psychosexual therapy is helpful in many cases. Although there is some e...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ogc.2006.10.004
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ultrasound assessment of the cervix has contributed to the understanding of the pathways to preterm birth. Transvaginal ultrasound measurement of the cervix provides an objective and noninvasive tool for the evaluation of cervical status. Despite widespread use of this procedure, standardization of measurement ind...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0889-8545(03)00120-7
更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Puerperal inversion of the uterus is an unusual and potentially life-threatening event occurring in the third stage of labor, but when managed promptly and aggressively inversion can result in minimal maternal morbidity and mortality. Once the diagnosis of inversion is made, measures should be undertaken to manage and...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Congenital heart disease comprises most maternal cardiac diseases in pregnancy and is an important cause of maternal, fetal, and neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Pregnancy is often considered a high-risk state for individuals with structural heart disease as a consequence of a limited ability to adapt to th...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ogc.2018.01.011
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Women with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) represent a highly heterogeneous group of patients. Past studies have investigated systemic endocrine and immunologic mechanisms as potential causes for pregnancy loss in unexplained RPL, while exciting new work has focused on spermatozoal, embryonic, and endometri...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ogc.2013.10.008
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Puberty is the sequence of events that culminates in the ability to procreate. It is widely accepted that the onset of puberty in girls occurs on average at 8 years of age and that onset prior to 8 years of age is precocious puberty. As a result of the cross-sectional study by the American Association of Pediatrics, a...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0889-8545(03)00025-1
更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An understanding of cesarean delivery for nonreassuring fetal heart rate tracing is important for several reasons. This article describes the prevalence of cesarean for nonreassuring fetal heart rate tracing and risk factors, indicates what type of fetal heart rate tracing abnormalities prompts cesarean delivery, reit...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ogc.2005.01.003
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article reviews the key concepts regarding the counseling and management of cervical dysplasia and invasive cervical cancer diagnosed during pregnancy. Emphasis is placed on balancing the maternal and fetal well-being in collaboration with appropriate multidisciplinary teams. Information regarding appropriate dia...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ogc.2005.08.007
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Access to the fetus as a true patient is a recent development in maternal-fetal medicine. We review the major invasive techniques currently available for establishing diagnoses and providing treatments to the fetus. These include fetoscopy, fetal blood sampling, fetal transfusions, and fetal shunts. Indications, techn...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The anatomy of the lower urinary tract and the structures that surround it play an important role in our understanding of the urinary continence mechanism. This article discusses the functional anatomy of this region as it relates to gynecologic urology. ...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the 50 years since pelvic muscle exercises were introduced for the nonsurgical management of pelvic floor dysfunction related to parturition, a variety of approaches have been introduced and the scope of indications has grown. This article describes the evaluation of patients with pelvic floor complaints, discusses...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0889-8545(05)70046-2
更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since its introduction more than 20 years ago, continuous electronic FHR monitoring has become the standard in most modern obstetric units. Practitioners well versed in FHR pattern interpretation do not question the value of fetal monitoring. Not only does this modality detect hypoxia early in its evolution, but also ...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0889-8545(05)70073-5
更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article discusses the role of ultrasound in assessing endometrial and uterine factors affecting the implantation of the embryo. Modern ultrasound equipment includes advanced Doppler and three-dimensional facilities that refine our understanding of factors that affect implantation such as endometrial blood flow. T...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ogc.2019.08.002
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since its initial approval by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 20 years ago for the treatment of strabismus, hemifacial spasm, and blepharospasm in adults, botulinum toxin (BTX) has become one of the most frequently requested products in cosmetic rejuvenation around the world. After years of clinical success ...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ogc.2010.10.002
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Voiding dysfunction in women results from either a failure of the bladder to contract appropriately or a failure of the urethra or bladder neck to relax during attempts at micturition. Complaints of urinary frequency and urgency most often accompany voiding dysfunction. Associated symptoms, which are not always presen...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The colposcope, basically binoculars on a stand, is used for the evaluation of the genital tract. Its optics, although complicated in theory, are easy to use in practice. Certain adjustments are necessary for stereoscopic viewing. Other adjustments adapt the optics for high viewing and either adapt the optics for high...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This report summarizes the current literature on abdominal, laparoscopic, and transvaginal mesh for the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse. This article reviews objective and subjective cure rates as well as complications associated with synthetic mesh use for pelvic organ prolapse repair. The focus is on the latest l...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ogc.2015.10.004
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Reproductive health can be a reflection of overall health. It follows that abnormalities of reproductive milestones may be a manifestation of unhealthy aging. Since 1994, the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) has assessed how menopause and the process of that transition may affect future health. Themes ...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ogc.2011.05.001
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The United States cesarean rate has risen from 5.5 per 100 deliveries in 1970 to 24.1 per 100 deliveries in 1986 according to the National Hospital Discharge Survey. Less than 10 per cent of mothers have a vaginal birth after a prior cesarean. Women spend an average of 5.0 days in the hospital for a cesarean delivery,...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lichen planus is an inflammatory mucocutaneous condition with a myriad of clinical manifestations. There are 3 forms of lichen planus that effect the vulva: papulosquamous, hypertrophic, and erosive. Erosive lichen planus can progress to vulvar scaring, vaginal stenosis, and squamous cell carcinoma; these long-term se...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ogc.2017.04.004
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Interstitial cystitis, or painful bladder syndrome, can present with lower abdominal pain/discomfort and dyspareunia, and pain in any distribution of lower spinal nerves. Patients with this condition experience some additional symptoms referable to the bladder, such as frequency, urgency, or nocturia. It can occur acr...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ogc.2014.05.004
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is approximately a 50% decrease in the fertility rate of unselected women attempting pregnancy at age 40 or older compared with younger women and a two to three fold increased rate of spontaneous abortion. Approximately 45% of older women achieve a term outcome, however. Proper counseling of the older patient sh...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article focuses on the clinical evaluation and management of women who have thrombophilia-related placental vascular complications, including fetal loss, pre-eclampsia, intrauterine fetal growth restriction, and placental abruption. All are major causes of maternal and fetal adverse outcomes. ...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ogc.2006.05.010
更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:If the contraindications to hysteroscopy are observed, complications should be small. The risks of fluid overload, especially in operative cases, is the most common critical problem, so that accurate recording of fluid use and collection are essential. The inexperienced, unsupervised surgeon is most likely to encounte...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Crew resource management (CRM), adapted from aviation for the practice of medicine, offers the potential of reducing medical errors, increasing employee retention, and improving patient satisfaction. CRM, however, requires a culture that promotes teamwork and acceptance of new concepts. Leadership is needed to transfo...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ogc.2007.12.011
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sepsis is a leading cause of death in pregnancy and results in significant perinatal mortality. These deaths occur despite the younger age of pregnant patients, the low rate of comorbid conditions and the potential for effective interventions that should result in rapid resolution of illness. To date, no "evidence-bas...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ogc.2007.06.009
更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The discovery that insulin resistance has a key role in the pathophysiology of PCOS has led to a novel and promising form of therapy in the form of the insulin-sensitizing drugs. Although no extremely large trials using these drugs for this indication have been performed, more than 18 trials have specifically examined...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0889-8545(05)70191-1
更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vaginal bleeding in early childhood, regardless of its duration and quantity, is always of clinical importance. This article discusses the examination of the child and adolescent and reviews the various causes of vaginal bleeding in these patient groups. ...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00
