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Post-cardiopulmonary bypass pulmonary hypertension in lambs with increased pulmonary blood flow. A role for endothelin 1.

Abstract：

BACKGROUND:After cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), pulmonary hypertension and its associated increased vascular reactivity are a major source of morbidity, particularly for children with increased pulmonary blood flow. Although post-CPB pulmonary hypertension is well described, its mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Plasma levels of endothelin 1. a potent vasoactive substance implicated in pulmonary hypertension, are increased after CPB. The purpose of the present study was threefold: to characterize the changes in pulmonary vascular resistance and vascular reactivity induced by hypothermic CPB; to investigate the effects of preexisting increased pulmonary blood flow on these changes; and to better define the role of endothelin 1 in the pathogenesis of post-CPB pulmonary hypertension. METHODS AND RESULTS:Vascular pressures and blood flows were monitored in 14 1-month-old lambs with increased pulmonary blood flow (after in utero placement of an aortopulmonary shunt) and 6 age-matched control lambs. During the 2-hour study period after 105.3 +/- 20.6 minutes of hypothermic CPB the increase in pulmonary vascular resistance was significantly augmented in lambs with increased pulmonary blood flow compared with control lambs (P < .05). Pretreatment with PD 145065 (a nonselective endothelin receptor blocker; 50 micrograms.kg-1.min-1) completely blocked this increase in pulmonary vascular resistance and blocked the increase in pulmonary vascular resistance in response to acute alveolar hypoxia after CPB (96.3 +/- 88.5% versus -9.7 +/- 16.4%; P < .05). Plasma endothelin 1 levels increased after CPB in all lambs. CONCLUSIONS:Preexisting increased pulmonary blood flow alters the response of the pulmonary circulation to hypothermic CPB; the increase in pulmonary vascular resistance induced by CPB is augmented in lambs with increased pulmonary blood flow. Pretreatment with endothelin 1 receptor blockers eliminated the increase in pulmonary vascular resistance and the pulmonary vasoconstricting response to alveolar hypoxia, suggesting a role for endothelin 1 in post-CPB pulmonary hypertension. Endothelin 1 receptor blockers may decrease morbidity in children at risk for pulmonary hypertension after surgical repair with CPB and warrants further study.

journal_name

Circulation

journal_title

Circulation

authors

Reddy VM,Hendricks-Munoz KD,Rajasinghe HA,Petrossian E,Hanley FL,Fineman JR

doi

10.1161/01.cir.95.4.1054

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

1997-02-18 00:00:00

pages

1054-61

issue

eissn

0009-7322

issn

1524-4539

journal_volume

pub_type

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Post-cardiopulmonary bypass pulmonary hypertension in lambs with increased pulmonary blood flow. A role for endothelin 1.