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Origin of Amerindian Y-chromosomes as inferred by the analysis of six polymorphic markers.

Abstract：

:We analysed the frequency of six Y-specific polymorphisms in 105 Amerindian males from seven different populations, 42 Caucasian males, and a small number of males of African, Chinese, and Melanesian origin. The combination of three of the six polymorphisms studied produced four different Y-haplogroups. The haplogroups A (non-variant) was the most frequent one. Eighty-five percent of Amerindians showing haplogroup A have the alphoid II (alpha hII) and the DYS19A Y-specific markers, an association that is found only in 10% of Caucasians and that has not been detected in Asiatics and Africans. Haplogroups C (YAP+) and D (YAP+ plus an A-->G transmission in the locus DYS271) are of African origin. Four percent of Amerindians and approximately 12% of Caucasians showed haplogroup C; approximately 1% of Amerindians and approximately 2% of Caucasians had haplogroup D. Haplogroup B is characterized by a C-->T transition in nucleotide position 373 of the SRY gene domain; this haplogroup is found in Caucasians (approximately 12%) and Amerindians (approximately 4%). None of the Amerindians exhibiting the haplogroups B, C, or D show the haplotype alpha hII/DYS19A. By haplotyping the the Alu insert and the DNA region surrounding the insert in YAP+ individuals, we could demonstrate that Amerindian Y chromosomes bearing African markers (haplogroups C and D) are due to recent genetic admixture. Most non-alpha hII/DYS19A Amerindian Y-chromosomes in haplogroup A and most cases in haplogroup B are also due to gene flow. We show that haplotype alpha hII/DYS19A is in linkage disequilibrium with a C-->T transition in the locus DYS19A. Our results suggest that most Amerindian Y-chromosomes derive from a single paternal lineage characterized by the alpha hII/DYS19A/DYS199T Amerindian-specific haplotype. The analysis of a larger sample of native American Y-chromosome will be required in order to confirm or correct this hypothesis.

journal_name

Am J Phys Anthropol

journal_title

American journal of physical anthropology

authors

Bianchi NO,Bailliet G,Bravi CM,Carnese RF,Rothhammer F,Martínez-Marignac VL,Pena SD

doi

10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199701)102:1<79::AID-AJPA7

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

1997-01-01 00:00:00

pages

79-89

issue

eissn

0002-9483

issn

1096-8644

pii

10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199701)102:1<79::AID-AJPA7

journal_volume

102

pub_type

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Origin of Amerindian Y-chromosomes as inferred by the analysis of six polymorphic markers.