Abstract:
:This study investigated the feasibility of four-dimensional electrocardiography (4-D ECG), a new display in which the vector loop was rotated and scanned along a timed axis to overcome the shortcomings of vectorcardiography (VCG). The subjects consisted of 38 patients with premature atrial complexes and 30 controls. The orthogonal Frank electrocardiograms were rotated three-dimensionally according to the right-hand rectangular coordinate system and scanned along a timed axis. The P wave delineation score, signifying good agreement with the intraobserver and interobserver variability, was significantly higher in 4-D ECG than those in the orthogonal leads or those on the transverse and frontal projections (P < 0.001). The authors measured the premature P loop areas as viewed from 361 directions. P loop areas were best delineated when viewed from cranial directions of 42.6 +/- 34.0 degrees and from rightward directions of 11.3 +/- 30.7 degrees. Adequate cranial rotation followed by scanning along a timed axis will maximally delineate premature atrial signals and provide comprehensive visualization of electrical forces.
journal_name
Angiologyjournal_title
Angiologyauthors
Morikawa J,Habuchi Y,Nishio M,Yamamoto T,Tanaka H,Kashima Kdoi
10.1177/000331979604701111subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-11-01 00:00:00pages
1101-6issue
11eissn
0003-3197issn
1940-1574journal_volume
47pub_type
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