Abstract：
:Systemic hypertension is a major public health problem and is perhaps the most common chronic disorder in most societies. Most patients with vascular disease report hypertension in their medical history. Irrespective of the specialty that one practices, every physician will likely encounter patients with systemic hypertension. Unfortunately, an overwhelming number have so-called "primary" or "essential" hypertension for which a cure has yet to be found. Fortunately, excellent therapy is available to control this modern malady. The field of hypertension continues to evolve rapidly, particularly in the field of therapy. During the past two decades, the treatment of hypertension has moved from a cookbook approach to more scientifically based individualized management. This paradigm shift requires the practitioner to acquire sufficient knowledge about individual drugs and how they work in a given patient. Rapid expansion of available drugs has placed a burden on the clinician to keep up with these advances. We hope that the discussions contained herein will ease that burden somewhat and make the treatment options less cumbersome. This article addresses the practical issues related to selection of antihypertensive drugs and provides an overview of advantages and disadvantages of individual drug classes. The reader should also refer to the JNC VI document [1] to further understand the selection of drug therapy based upon compelling indications. The ultimate aim of hypertension management should always be to achieve target or goal blood pressure levels.
journal_name
Cardiol Clinjournal_title
Cardiology clinicsauthors
Ram CV,Fenves Adoi
10.1016/s0733-8651(01)00008-xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-05-01 00:00:00pages
265-80issue
2eissn
0733-8651issn
1558-2264pii
S0733-8651(01)00008-Xjournal_volume
20pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Anger is the affective state most commonly associated with myocardial ischemia and life-threatening arrhythmias. The scope of the problem is sizeable-at least 36,000 (2.4% of 1.5 million) heart attacks are precipitated annually in the United States by anger. The lethal cardiovascular consequences in ischemic heart dis...
journal_title：Cardiology clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0733-8651(05)70281-2
更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Evaluation of mitral regurgitation (MR) severity remains complex and challenging. An integrative approach to grading MR is recommended. The use of multiple Doppler methods should be used to help discriminate between grades of severity. Importantly, MR severity should always be considered in the context of clinical dat...
journal_title：Cardiology clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccl.2013.04.002
更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Concurrent, independent clinical series at Yale University and the University of Virginia demonstrate an important role for CABG in patients with advanced ischemic cardiomyopathy. It is found that CABG can be performed safely in these patients, both angina and congestive heart failure states improve, ejection fraction...
journal_title：Cardiology clinics
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many types of artificial sensors for adaptive-rate pacing have appeared but as yet there is no single sensor that properly reflects metabolic demand under all circumstances. Several other types of sensors are currently evaluated. Combinations of different sensors in a single unit are very promising. At present, howeve...
journal_title：Cardiology clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Syncope is a common but complex medical disorder with a multitude of etiologies, some of which are still not well understood. In a general population, the greatest diagnostic yield is from the history and physical examination. Numerous other diagnostic modalities include Holter monitoring, signal-averaged ECG, cardiac...
journal_title：Cardiology clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Diabetes and the metabolic syndrome, including insulin resistance, that underlies it are hyper-coagulable states. Increased platelet reactivity,augmented activity of the coagulation system,and impaired fibrinolysis are characteristic and understood to a remarkable extent. In aggregate,these derangements contribute to ...
journal_title：Cardiology clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccl.2004.06.009
更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To overcome the not negligible metallic drug-eluting stents adverse events rate, the polymeric or metallic bioresorbable scaffolds were designed to provide early drug delivery and mechanical support followed by complete resorption. However, the long-term evidence, focusing on the leading Absorb BVS technology, showed ...
journal_title：Cardiology clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccl.2020.07.004
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cardiovascular drugs are often used in pregnancy for the treatment of maternal and fetal conditions. The complex physiologic changes occurring during pregnancy may significantly affect the pharmacokinetics of many drugs and, consequently, the toxicity and therapeutic response. Of special concern are the effects of mat...
journal_title：Cardiology clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1987-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The epidemiology of IE has evolved over the past 50 years. Mitral valve prolapse and degenerative valvular disease have replaced rheumatic heart disease as the most common predisposing conditions. The average age of patients with IE has increased, and nosocomially acquired cases are becoming more common. Although viri...
journal_title：Cardiology clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0733-8651(05)70289-7
更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The majority of individuals with diabetes die from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and related complications. The risk of CVD is 2 to 4 fold greater in diabetes and largely magnified by co-morbidities that aggregate along with it. Sufficient evidence-based data now exist to support multifactorial risk intervention with s...
journal_title：Cardiology clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccl.2010.11.004
更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A syncope evaluation should start by identifying potentially life-threatening causes, including valvular heart disease, cardiomyopathies, and arrhythmias. Most patients who present with syncope, however, have the more benign vasovagal (reflex) syncope. A busy syncope practice often also sees patients with neurogenic o...
journal_title：Cardiology clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccl.2012.09.003
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms are increasing in incidence. Rupture is associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. The historic gold standard of open repair can be performed with low rates of complications at centers of excellence. However, these results are not universally achievable, with significantl...
journal_title：Cardiology clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccl.2017.03.008
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The initial evaluation of patients with transient loss of consciousness (LOC) comprises a detailed medical history, physical examination, and 12-lead electrocardiogram. Because there are many causes of syncopal and nonsyncopal LOC, an adequate method of taking the clinical history, which is the cornerstone of diagnosi...
journal_title：Cardiology clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccl.2015.04.002
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The goal of anticoagulant therapy in unstable angina is to prevent progression of a subocclusive coronary thrombus to complete occlusion of the coronary artery, thereby preventing myocardial infarction and death. Although these have been many advances in therapy with anticoagulants, considerable morbidity and mortalit...
journal_title：Cardiology clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0733-8651(05)70078-3
更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article reviews some important aspects of driveline infection in patients under left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support, including epidemiology, causes, diagnosis, and treatment options, both medical and surgical. Focus is placed on prevention along every aspect of the process of LVAD therapy, as the author...
journal_title：Cardiology clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ccl.2011.08.004
更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As the next millennium approaches, excitement and promise characterize the future of dilated cardiomyopathy. Until recently, dilated cardiomyopathy was considered an incurable, uniformly fatal chronic disease. Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that at least a quarter of patients with recent onset of symptoms wit...
journal_title：Cardiology clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0733-8651(05)70047-3
更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The myocardium consists of three compartments: cardiac muscle cells; a nutritive microcirculation; and an extracellular matrix composed largely of fibrillar collagen. The hypertrophic remodeling of the myocardium, which involves each of these compartments, can be adaptive or pathologic. This article reviews the remode...
journal_title：Cardiology clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1989-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A number of therapeutic agents, foods, chemicals, and poisons have been associated with the development or exacerbation of hypertension. This review discusses those identified in recent years. ...
journal_title：Cardiology clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1988-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pulmonary hypertension is a complex disorder with multiple etiologies; the World Health Organization classification system divides pulmonary hypertension patients into 5 groups based on the underlying cause and mechanism. Group 5 pulmonary hypertension is a heterogeneous group of diseases that encompasses pulmonary hy...
journal_title：Cardiology clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccl.2016.04.004
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The treatment of cardiorenal syndrome is as complex as the various mechanisms underlying its pathophysiology. Randomized controlled data typically focus on the treatment of heart failure with cardiac specific endpoints and a lack of worsening renal function used as a surrogate for efficacy. When heart failure is consi...
journal_title：Cardiology clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccl.2019.04.002
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cardiologist and internist can make a major contribution to the care of patients with neurologic disease, both in terms of treating patients with symptomatic cardiac involvement and reducing mortality. This article highlights the need to recognize ECG abnormalities that may represent purely neurologic disease as w...
journal_title：Cardiology clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The noninvasive assessment of patients who present with syncope is based on a thorough, complete history and physical examination. The history requires close attention to precipitating events and the description of the spell. Often, patients are poor historians with regard to symptoms leading up to and following the e...
journal_title：Cardiology clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0733-8651(05)70330-1
更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Excimer laser angioplasty has evolved from a difficult experimental procedure to a more refined intervention with flexible catheters, well-defined indications, and consistent results for certain lesion types such as aortoostial stenosis, total occlusions, and certain saphenous vein graft lesions. This article reviews ...
journal_title：Cardiology clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) provides excellent delineation of ventricular function in the ambulatory and critical settings. Major indications include the acutely ill patient with suboptimal images with other techniques and the intraoperative assessment of patients undergoing cardiac surgery and of cardiac p...
journal_title：Cardiology clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0733-8651(05)70174-0
更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the 1960s, when LVADs and TAHs were introduced into clinical use, researchers estimated that, with this technology, the problem of heart failure could be solved within 20 years. Unfortunately, the evolution of these devices has taken much longer than anticipated. Nevertheless, significant advances have been achieve...
journal_title：Cardiology clinics
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0733-8651(02)00133-9
更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The field of defibrillation is one of the most rapidly advancing areas in resuscitation. Defibrillation is also one of the most promising interventions for achieving improved survival from cardiac arrest. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the science and clinical applications of defibrillation. ...
journal_title：Cardiology clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0733-8651(03)00062-6
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Percutaneous transvenous balloon mitral valvuloplasty is a well-established alternative to surgical commissurotomy for selected symptomatic patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis. This procedure normally is performed with fluoroscopic guidance; however, even the experienced operator can be misled by radiographic land...
journal_title：Cardiology clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several studies have indicated that women sustaining a myocardial infarction have a higher unadjusted short-term (i.e., in-hospital or 30-day) mortality than men. The advanced age of women at the time of presentation appears to be the major factor contributing to their worse prognosis relative to men. Controlling for ...
journal_title：Cardiology clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0733-8651(05)70383-0
更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) have presented an attractive target for development of new therapies for cardiovascular prevention on the basis of epidemiology and preclinical studies demonstrating their protective properties. Development of HDL mimetics provides an opportunity to administer functional HDL. However, ...
journal_title：Cardiology clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccl.2017.12.012
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Magnetic resonance imaging is unique in its variety of applications for imaging the cardiovascular system. A thorough assessment of myocardial structure, function, and perfusion; assessment of coronary artery anatomy and flow; and spectroscopic evaluation of cardiac energetics can be readily performed by magnetic reso...
journal_title：Cardiology clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0733-8651(05)70012-6
更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00
