Abstract:
:Cytokines are peptide mediators of inflammation that are being extensively studied in several aspects of disease. I provide an introduction to the general features of cytokine biology. Cytokines may be considered as either proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory compounds, and they also have potent hematopoietic effects. Basic information about the biological properties of the cytokines and their receptors and mechanisms of postreceptor signal transduction is presented. Lymphocytes have been subclassified into specific cell types, and the Th1 and Th2 classifications are discussed. Cytokines are administered exogenously to augment aspects of the immune response; this approach has been particularily well established for the hematopoietic growth factors. In other diseases, inhibition of cytokines has been attempted by several approaches, including monoclonal antibodies, soluble receptors, and receptor antagonists. Finally, the general methods of measuring cytokines and the advantages/pitfalls associated with these methods are reviewed.
journal_name
Ann Plast Surgjournal_title
Annals of plastic surgeryauthors
Remick DGdoi
10.1097/00000637-199511000-00021subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-11-01 00:00:00pages
549-59issue
5eissn
0148-7043issn
1536-3708journal_volume
35pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Radiation-induced osteosarcoma is a rare complication of radiation therapy for breast cancer. The authors present a 60-year-old patient in whom osteosarcoma of the chest wall developed 5 years after modified radical mastectomy and radiation therapy for breast cancer. One year after resection of the chest osteosarcoma,...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000637-200203000-00016
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Definitive repair of recurrent ventral hernias using abdominal wall reconstruction techniques is an essential tool in the armentarium for general and plastic surgeons. Despite the great morbidity associated with incisional hernia, no consensus exists on the best means for treatment (Korenkov et al, Langenbecks Arch Su...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/SAP.0b013e3181dc8409
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Children with metopic synostosis have a well-described clinical picture of trigonocephaly, often with hypotelorbitism. The craniofacial disorder itself is well recognized; however, objective prognostic factors for predicting the risk of reoperation are not well known. In 39 children with metopic synostosis, measuremen...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.SAP.0000058498.64113.11
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Obstetric brachial plexus palsy is caused by traction during birth. Most patients regain useful function with spontaneous recovery. In some cases, cross reinnervation occurs between the biceps and triceps muscles. In these cases, smooth active motion of the elbow joint is impaired by simultaneous biceps and ...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/SAP.0000000000002075
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability of the prostacyclin analogue iloprost to improve survival of ischemic experimental skin flaps was investigated. Unilateral island skin flaps based on the superficial inferior epigastric vessels were raised in 70 rats and subjected to varying lengths of primary ischemia. The flaps were divided into the foll...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000637-199405000-00009
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is an ongoing demand for surgeons to demonstrate that they can operate well, maintain their performance, and deliver acceptable results. Currently, surgeons are assessed by a series of subjective and peer-reviewed interviews, but at no stage is the objective assessment of surgical competence measured. The author...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.sap.0000037271.26659.f4
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A case of long-term survival with metastatic basal cell carcinoma to regional lymph nodes is presented. The literature has been briefly reviewed. When a metastatic basal cell carcinoma is discovered, the average survival is only 8 to 10 months. The patient in this case report has been followed for 10 years from the in...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00000637-199002000-00012
更新日期:1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::There are only a few reports that investigate the measurement of functional penile length and compare the methods used for this purpose. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between the measurement techniques and to determine an appropriate method that correlates the erect state most closely. Measure...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000637-200204000-00008
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over the past four years we have performed total phallic reconstructions in 12 patients. Six patients underwent reconstruction following trauma, 3 were female-to-male transsexuals, and 3 had micropenis deformities. These reconstructions were one-stage microsurgical tissue transfers that included urethral reconstructio...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000637-198702000-00006
更新日期:1987-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reconstruction of the lower and upper lips, commissure, and full-thickness cheek defects using a composite radial forearm palmaris longus free flap with secondary commissuroplasty is described. This flap is useful for reconstruction of the total lower lip as well as larger defects that include full-thickness cheek and...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000637-199411000-00013
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Management of posttraumatic large soft tissue defects and bone loss remains a therapeutic and surgical challenge for orthopedic surgeons. We assessed the use of a neurocutaneous flap and the Ilizarov technique in the reconstruction of severe composite defects in the tibia. METHODS:We retrospectively reviewe...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/SAP.0000000000000921
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In fingertip amputations, conventional stump plasty provides an almost acceptable functional result. However, replanting fingertips can preserve the nail and minimize loss of function. We investigated the functional and cosmetic results of fingertip replantation at the terminal branch of the digital artery. Outcomes w...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.sap.0000137136.09890.18
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Application of collagen products to wounds has been shown to improve wound healing. Using a collagen-based hydrogel (cHG) capable of cellular support previously developed by our laboratory, we hypothesize that our hydrogel will increase the speed of wound healing by providing a 3-dimensional framework for ce...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/SAP.0000000000002380
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Free flaps are increasingly being chosen to solve complex reconstruction problems. We describe a fascial sleeve approach to elevation of the donor flap which increases its safety and reliability. We report examples in which resultant revascularization of the recipient site causes the free flap to be irreplaceable for ...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000637-198212000-00006
更新日期:1982-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A contralateral transverse rectus abdominis island musculocutaneous flap was employed in the treatment of a unilateral burned breast. The vascularization of the flap was based on the superior epigastric pedicle. The advantages of this method are that a transverse island musculocutaneous flap of the rectus muscle can b...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000637-198505000-00006
更新日期:1985-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seroma formation is a common postoperative complication in plastic surgery, resulting in notable patient morbidity and expense. In this study the authors investigated the efficacy of a synthetic glutaraldehyde-based tissue adhesive (BioGlue; Cryolife, Inc., Kennesaw, GA) in seroma prevention in the rat mastectomy sero...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.SAP.0000054182.47311.17
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plastic surgeons have traditionally perceived male patients as more psychologically disturbed than female patients. This study employed a matched sample design to explore the psychosocial experiences of 50 male and 50 female elective cosmetic surgery and cosmetic dentistry patients. It also aimed to compare male and f...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/SAP.0b013e3181a72f50
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Millions of patients are treated annually in the United States with either acute or chronic wounds, costing billions of dollars. This is a retrospective study designed to quantify the directed education that medical students receive in their 4 years of training on 3 wound-related topics: physiology of tissue injury, p...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/SAP.0b013e31802dd43b
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Long-term postoperative splinting plays a role in the prevention of contracture of the grafted skin after a second-stage ear reconstruction. The scar retraction could lead to an unfavorable aesthetic outcome. Splinting could play a role to overcome or prevent the loss of projection and the obliteration of th...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/SAP.0000000000001212
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of a Keith needle is described to secure a cartilage graft during rhinoplasty. ...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Advances in microsurgery have revolutionized the management of severe lower extremity soft tissue injuries. However, the final optimal result, such as cosmesis, is only of secondary concern as limb salvage is the ultimate goal in reconstruction. In a continuous effort to obtain the best possible outcome for patients, ...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.sap.0000110482.79996.a6
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Soft tissue and bony tumors of the pelvis are rare, but when they occur, treatment presents both an oncologic surgical and a reconstructive challenge. After reconstruction, soft tissue defects can be large and there is usually exposed bone and/or joint. A retroperitoneal abdominal wall defect may also be pre...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.sap.0000215288.83924.6c
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Primary or delayed primary repair of flexor tendon lacerations in the digital sheath has become the accepted practice among surgeons expert in the treatment of hand injuries. The youngest patient reported in the literature we reviewed was 3 months old. We report a case of flexor tendon laceration at the time of delive...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000637-198211000-00011
更新日期:1982-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:ABSTRACT:The era of genetics and precision medicine has been reforming this world. How will plastic surgeons in the field of vascular anomalies conform to the trend? This article systematically reviews the identification of serum biomarkers, risk factors, specific mutations in the angiogenesis-related genes such as GNA...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/SAP.0000000000002723
更新日期:2021-01-19 00:00:00
abstract::The release of abnormal insertions of orbicularis oris muscle from the columella and ala base, and from their inferior attachments along the labial margin, provides muscle flaps for a double-breasted suture in cleft lip repair. Using the muscle flaps for double-breasted sutures realigns the orbicularis oris muscle fib...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intraoperative navigation is a tool that provides surgeons with real-time, interactive access to their patient's diagnostic imaging studies while in the operating room. This modality allows for anatomic localization and facilitates intraoperative planning and diagnosis. The application of intraoperative navigation to ...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/SAP.0b013e31822a3ec3
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE:In this study, we evaluated the role of antitumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) therapy in the decrease of adipocyte apoptosis and weight preservation of fat grafts in the rat model. METHODS:A total of 64 rats were randomly divided into 2 groups, with 32 rats in each group. Autologous fat tissue w...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/SAP.0b013e31821deb1b
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:It is generally believed that increasing obesity is a predictor of postoperative complications after abdominal contouring procedures such as abdominoplasty and panniculectomy. The purpose of this study is to review the complication rate for abdominal contouring in the level 3 obesity category (body mass inde...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/SAP.0b013e3182012580
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Upper airway obstruction after superiorly based pharyngeal flap procedures for the treatment of velopharyngeal insufficiency is described in this series of 32 flaps performed in 29 patients at our institution between 1979 and 1993. A high incidence of upper airway obstruction symptoms (38%) occurred in the early posto...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000637-199601000-00006
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fibromuscular dysplasia is an uncommon angiopathy that is principally observed in the renal and carotid arteries. Digital ischemia resulting from fibromuscular dysplasia of the forearm arteries is a rare occurrence. This article describes a case of distal radial and ulnar artery fibromuscular dysplasia presenting as p...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000637-199412000-00017
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00