Traveler's diarrhea.

abstract：:It is shortsighted to consider only the esophageal manifestations and complications of esophageal reflux. That such reflux can directly affect not only the lung but also the oropharynx and larynx, both by direct acid contact and reflex neurologic mechanisms, has been demonstrated repeatedly. The task of the future wil...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Kozarek RA

更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepatic angiosarcoma is the second most common primary malignant neoplasm of the liver. Although comprising only 2 per cent of all hepatic primary tumors, it represents a major clinical problem because of its strong association with industrial vinyl chloride exposure and its incurability. Strict ceilings on the amount...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Weinman MD,Chopra S

更新日期：1987-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder that has been shown to aggregate in families and to affect multiple generations, but not in a manner consistent with a major Mendelian effect. Relatives of an individual with IBS are 2 to 3 times as likely to have IBS, with both genders being affected. To date, more ...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Saito YA

更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bile supersaturation is necessary for cholesterol gallstones to form. Not all people with supersaturated bile form gallstones, however, and additional factors must be present. The role of pronucleating substances has been extensively studied. Of these, proteins, especially mucin, are best understood. Mucin is secreted...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Ko CW,Lee SP

更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is sparse information regarding exercise and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Furthermore, the importance of regular exercise in the optimal management of IBD has not received attention in guidelines and is often overlooked by practitioners. This article summarizes evidence regarding health benefits of exercise...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Hashash JG,Binion DG

更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has become routine despite a lack of evidence of efficacy. Suitable candidates for surveillance include patients with cirrhosis and some subsets of noncirrhotic chronic hepatitis B carriers. The best surveillance testis ultrasonography at 6- to 12-month intervals. Serolo...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Sherman M,Takayama Y

更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Constipation, diarrhea, and symptomatic hemorrhoids are disorders common in the general population, particularly in women. These conditions, if mild, often are self-treated with various home remedies or nonprescription preparations. Few of these patients, moreover, are referred to gastroenterologists, as primary care ...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Wald A

更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The goal of antiviral treatment of chronic hepatitis B is to prevent the complications of cirrhosis, hepatic decompensation, HCC, and death. Because these clinical outcomes may take a long period of time to develop, it is important to use intermediate or surrogate end points to evaluate the efficacy and response to an...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Lee M,Keeffe EB

更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is steroid-responsive fibroinflammatory disorder of the pancreas. There are 2 distinct subtypes of AIP, types 1 and 2. Type 1 is associated with systemic immunoglobulin (Ig)G4 disease and may affect multiple organs in the body. Type 2 is confined to the pancreas and shows an association w...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Sandrasegaran K,Menias CO

更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Radiation therapy (RT) has been used to treat cancers for more than a century. Recent randomized trials have helped clarify the treatment recommendations in the use of RT for colorectal cancers. This article reviews these trials to illustrate key concepts, places these trials in perspective, and provides direction for...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Robertson JM

更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Women have started to enter gastroenterology (GI) in significant numbers over the past 5 years, although they are still underrepresented compared with the proportion of female graduating medical students. This underrepresentation is most likely caused by the culture of GI where female students and residents have felt ...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Elta GH

更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment needs confirmation in patients with persistent symptoms and in those with complicated peptic ulcer. Endoscopic surveillance after eradication is needed in patients with advanced premalignant gastric lesions, previous early gastric cancer, gastric MALT lymphoma, a...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Kuipers EJ

更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Numerous extraintestinal diseases have been associated with IBD. The role of the gastrointestinal tract in host response to the foreign antigens present in the gut makes the enteric immune system highly susceptible to any external perturbation to the system. Dysregulation of the enteric immune response results in path...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Su CG,Judge TA,Lichtenstein GR

更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Barrett's metaplasia develops in 6% to 14% of individuals with gastroesophageal reflux. Barrett's adenocarcinomas are increasing in epidemic proportions for, as yet unknown, reasons; approximately 0.5% to 1% of patients with Barrett's metaplasia develop adenocarcinoma. Heartburn duration and frequency (but not severit...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Reynolds JC,Waronker M,Pacquing MS,Yassin RR

更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Foreign body ingestion is a common occurrence in children and in specific high-risk groups of adults such as those with underlying esophageal disease, prisoners, the mentally retarded, and those with psychiatric illnesses. Although most foreign bodies pass through the gastrointestinal tract without difficulty, sharp, ...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Brady PG

更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this article, the epidemiology of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is reviewed. Demographic features and natural history are described, the prevalence and incidence of EoE are highlighted, and risk factors for EoE are discussed. EoE can occur at any age, there is a male predominance, it is more common in whites, and ...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Dellon ES

更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although many mechanisms remain unclear, a large body of evidence indicates that several dietary and lifestyle factors are likely to have a major influence on the risk of colon cancer. Physical inactivity, excess body weight, and a central deposition of adiposity are consistent risk factors. Overconsumption of energy ...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Giovannucci E

更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Determining the perioperative risks associated with surgical procedures performed in patients with HIV disease is a difficult and complex task. Because HIV is a contagious, blood-borne pathogen, it threatens the health and well-being of both patient and health care provider. Despite poor early results, there is now co...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Harris HW,Schecter WP

更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nutritional strategies have been explored as primary or adjunct therapies for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Exclusive enteral nutrition is effective for the induction of remission in Crohn disease and is recommended as a first-line therapy for children. Dietary strategies focus on adjusting the ratio of consumed n...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Limketkai BN,Wolf A,Parian AM

更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article examines the transitions in pharmacological therapy for obesity. It reviews the current options approved by the Food and Drug Administration and several drugs approved for other indications that can be used to treat obesity as well. Because weight regulation is complex and redundant systems protect agains...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Kaplan LM

更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Diarrhea is a common clinical feature of inflammatory bowel diseases and may be accompanied by abdominal pain, urgency, and fecal incontinence. The pathophysiology of diarrhea in these diseases is complex, but defective absorption of salt and water by the inflamed bowel is the most important mechanism involved. In add...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Wenzl HH

更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Radiation therapy is a rapidly evolving field, and recent technical advances have spurred an increasing number of new treatments as well as marked improvements in previously existing treatments. Despite a growing body of published evidence demonstrating that radiotherapy for the treatment of pancreatic cancer is impro...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Trakul N,Koong AC,Maxim PG,Chang DT

更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic pelvic pain is pain lasting longer than 6 months and is estimated to occur in 15% of women. Causes of pelvic pain include disorders of gynecologic, urologic, gastroenterologic, and musculoskeletal systems. The multidisciplinary nature of chronic pelvic pain may complicate diagnosis and treatment. Treatments va...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Stein SL

更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fecal incontinence affects up to 20% of community-dwelling adults and more than 50% of nursing home residents, and is one of the major risk factors for elderly persons in the nursing home. Institutionalization itself is a risk factor (eg, immobility due to physical restraints). Management should focus on identifying a...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Leung FW,Rao SS

更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The explanation as to why gastroesophageal reflux disease develops remains unanswered. We have learned much about the regulation of LES pressure, the single most important factor in the development of reflux disease. Our understanding of factors involved in the clearance of refluxed contents has also increased. The pr...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Ogorek CP,Cohen S

更新日期：1989-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:If one reviews the literature with zeal, it is increasingly apparent that few organs escape recruitment when IBD is chronic or progressive. Insights into mucosal pathophysiology have helped with understanding the more frequent extraintestinal manifestations, but the mechanisms attendant to the development of less comm...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Levine JB,Lukawski-Trubish D

更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite the availability of a protective vaccine for over 3 decades, the number of persons with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains high. These persons are at risk for cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Current treatment is effective at inhibiting viral replication and reducing complications of chro...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Spyrou E,Smith CI,Ghany MG

更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is the most common emergency condition in gastroenterology. Although peptic ulcer and esophagogastric varices are the predominant causes, other conditions account for up to 50% of UGIBs. These conditions, among others, include angiodysplasia, Dieulafoy and Mallory-Weiss lesions, ...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Tjwa ET,Holster IL,Kuipers EJ

更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A wide spectrum of gastrointestinal illnesses impairs bone health and can result in bone pain, demineralization, and fracture. This article summarizes current knowledge of the skeletal pathology exhibited in patients with diseases of the liver, biliary tree, pancreas, and bowel. Mechanisms responsible for these syndro...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Lipkin EW

更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Constipation is a common clinical problem that comprises a constellation of symptoms that include excessive straining, hard stools, feeling of incomplete evacuation, use of digital maneuvers, or infrequent defecation. Although many conditions, such as metabolic problems, fiber deficiency, anorectal problems, and drugs...

journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America

authors： Rao SS

更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00