Abstract：
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate use of an emergency contraceptive pill product dispensed under simulated over-the-counter conditions. Secondary objectives were to assess repeat use, pregnancy, and adverse events. METHODS:The study was conducted at family planning clinics and pharmacies in the United States. During enrollment, these facilities did not provide unsolicited counseling about or evaluations for emergency contraceptive pills. Women who requested emergency contraception were asked to examine a package that was modified for over-the-counter use. A package (levonorgestrel, two 0.75-mg tablets) was provided to each woman who met study criteria and indicated that she wished to receive one. Each subject paid the amount normally charged by the facility for emergency contraceptive pills. Subjects were contacted 1 and 4 weeks later and asked about use of the product, side effects, and pregnancy. RESULTS:Of 665 women screened for the study, 585 received at least one package, and 540 reported having used the product. Of classifiable first uses, 1.3% (97.5% confidence interval [CI] 0.5%, 3%) were contraindicated and 28% (97.5% CI 23%, 32%) were incorrect by strict primary definitions of these inappropriate use patterns, based on the label instructions. Only 6.6% (97.5% CI 4.3%, 9.5%) of classifiable first uses were incorrect by a reasonable alternate definition. Ten subjects received the product more than once, and ten were found to be pregnant during the study. The pattern of adverse events was consistent with findings of previous studies. CONCLUSION:Most women used emergency contraceptive pills appropriately without provider evaluation and counseling.
journal_name
Obstet Gynecoljournal_title
Obstetrics and gynecologyauthors
Raymond EG,Chen PL,Dalebout SMdoi
10.1016/s0029-7844(03)00377-6subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-07-01 00:00:00pages
17-23issue
1eissn
0029-7844issn
1873-233Xpii
S0029784403003776journal_volume
102pub_type
杂志文章abstract：BACKGROUND:Pessaries are a treatment option for pelvic organ prolapse, stress urinary incontinence (SUI), and cervical incompetence. An effective pessary is comfortable, corrects the presenting problem, does not cause adverse effects, and is easy to remove. Discomfort and poor fit limit the usefulness of pessaries for ...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/AOG.0000000000002461
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To estimate the relationship between cervical length and hemorrhage leading to preterm delivery in women with placenta previa. METHODS:Between October 2007 and May 2009, transvaginal cervical-length measurements were obtained in all singleton pregnancies with placenta previa identified at or beyond 24 weeks ...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181ea2deb
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development held a workshop on September 18-19, 2006, to summarize the available evidence on the role and performance of current fetal imaging technology and to establish a research agenda. Ultrasonography is the imaging modality of choice for pre...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/01.AOG.0000318871.95090.d9
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The value of the contraction stress test (CST), although well documented in late pregnancy, has been questioned earlier in gestation. We have evaluated the reliability of the CST in 102 patients tested before 33 weeks' gestation. Eighteen patients with a positive CST had a significantly higher incidence of abnormal ur...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1978-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory compounds that act by inhibiting synthesis of prostaglandins from arachidonic acid have been shown to have various and sometimes profound effects on fetal and neonatal circulation. Agents such as acetylsalicylic acid, indomethacin, and naproxen pass readily across the placenta and have be...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1981-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To estimate detection rates for aneuploidy by first-trimester and sequential screening. METHODS:The study included women with singleton pregnancies who participated in the California Prenatal Screening Program with estimated delivery dates from August 2009 to December 2012 who had first- or first- and second...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/AOG.0000000000001040
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Obstetrician-gynecologists, in collaboration with midwives, nurses, patients, and those who support them in labor, can help women meet their goals for labor and birth by using techniques that require minimal interventions and have high rates of patient satisfaction. Many common obstetric practices are of limited or un...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 社论
doi：10.1097/AOG.0000000000003081
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To define the frequency, risk factors, and outcomes of massive transfusion in obstetrics. METHODS:The State Inpatient Dataset for New York (1998-2007) was used to identify all delivery hospitalizations for hospitals that reported at least one delivery-related transfusion per year. Multivariable logistic regr...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/AOG.0000000000000021
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The hospital-based alternative birth room has become a popular alternative to the conventional labor and delivery room setting. Responses to a mailed questionnaire from 78 of 82 (95%) Washington State hospitals with obstetric services were used to relate available birth options to alternative birth room status and obs...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1981-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the 1970s, studies demonstrated that timely access to risk-appropriate neonatal and obstetric care could reduce perinatal mortality. Since the publication of the Toward Improving the Outcome of Pregnancy report, more than three decades ago, the conceptual framework of regionalization of care of the woman and the ne...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/01.AOG.0000460770.99574.9f
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Data were collected prospectively on factors that might affect the success or failure of external cephalic version, using a protocol including fetal monitoring, ultrasound, tocolysis, and external version after 37 weeks' gestation. Patients were accepted into the protocol whether or not risk factors for failure were p...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An analysis was performed of malignant and host cells found in peritoneal fluids obtained during intraperitoneal chemotherapy and immunotherapy in patients with ovarian cancer. The concentration of malignant cells and the surgically documented response to the intraperitoneal treatment were correlated. Twenty-three pat...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the potential role of childhood and adulthood physical and sexual abuse and complaints of chronic pain in accounting for psychiatric symptomatology in adult women. METHODS:We assessed sexual abuse, physical abuse, depression, anxiety, and somatization in 64 women with chronic pelvic pain, 42 women ...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Congenital heart block is an unusual cause of fetal bradycardia. Until recently, the diagnosis could be confirmed only by evaluation of the fetal cardiac electrical activity. Two cases are reported in which the diagnosis of atrio-ventricular (A-V) dissociation was confirmed in the antepartum period by real-time ultras...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1979-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To obtain estimates of the effects of amniotomy on the risk of cesarean delivery and on other indicators of maternal and neonatal morbidity (Apgar score less than 7 at 5 minutes, admission to neonatal intensive care unit [NICU]). DATA SOURCES:Published studies were identified through manual and computerized ...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：
更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To compare biopsychologic profiles of women with dyspareunia with a matched no-pain control sample, and to determine whether dyspareunia subtypes based on physical findings have different psychosocial profiles from matched controls. METHODS:One hundred and five women with dyspareunia and 105 matched no-pain ...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0029-7844(98)80136-1
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To characterize maternal thermal balance during pregnancy, the authors recorded the thermal response to moderate weight bearing exercise stress in four aerobically conditioned pregnant women. Studies were performed in a climate-controlled environment in each trimester of pregnancy and postpartum after modifying the ex...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An analysis of 41 patients with histologically documented Stage II adenocarcinoma of the endometrium treated between 1969 and 1974 is presented. The 3-year survival for all patients was 46%. Patients treated with radiation therapy alone (tandem, ovoids, and external radiation therapy) had 29% survival while patients t...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1978-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate whether early oral intake after cesarean delivery has an effect on gastrointestinal outcomes during postpartum recovery. DATA SOURCES:Electronic searches of published studies between 1980 and 2011 were conducted using PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Airiti databases. METHODS OF ...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1097/AOG.0b013e318293698c
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A quintuplet gestation after ovulation induction with clomiphene and HCG is described. This is the first quintuplet birth reported in Israel. The pregnancy was associated with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, toxemia of pregnancy, and pruritus gravidarum. Diagnosis and management of these cases pose a special proble...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1975-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vaginal hysterectomy fulfills the evidence-based requirements as the preferred route of hysterectomy for benign gynecologic disease. Despite proven safety and effectiveness, the vaginal approach for hysterectomy has been and remains underused in surgical practice. Factors associated with underuse of vaginal hysterecto...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/AOG.0000000000000398
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A 22-month-old child with a large cyst of Gartner's duct suffered from recurrent episodes of urinary retention. Excision of such large symptomatic cysts has been recommended in the past. Marsupialization is discussed as an alternative to extensive excision. ...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To comprehensively review and critically assess the available gynecologic surgery venous thromboembolism prophylaxis literature and provide clinical practice guidelines. DATA SOURCES:MEDLINE and Cochrane databases from inception to July 2010. We included randomized controlled trials in gynecologic surgery po...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/AOG.0b013e318232a394
更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied 30 control women and 131 pill users to evaluate effects of birth control pills and clinical factors on hemostasis. When control patients were matched with an equal number of pill users, none of the direct markers of activated hemostasis (fibrinopeptide A, platelet factor 4, and beta thromboglobulin) were in...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To review systematically all prospective, randomized trials published in English quantifying the success of reclosure of the disrupted laparotomy wound. DATA SOURCES:The MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane databases were searched from 1966 to 2004. References were hand-searched and their authors con...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/01.AOG.0000171114.75338.06
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To estimate the incidence of breast carcinoma and survival in patients younger than 25 years old, and to describe presenting clinical signs and symptoms of breast cancer in this age group. METHODS:A population-based descriptive study and case review in Olmsted County, Minnesota, was conducted using the resou...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/AOG.0b013e31822a69db
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The incidence of diverticular disease of the colon has increased during the course of this century. The management of diverticulitis has changed in many centers from a conservative medical approach to a more aggressive surgical one. The surgical technique has also evolved; primary resection and anastomosis is currentl...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1981-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the Interstitial Cystitis Symptom Index and Problem Index as a screening tool for interstitial cystitis, and to estimate the prevalence and risk factors for interstitial cystitis in women with chronic pelvic pain. METHODS:Forty-five women scheduled to undergo laparoscopy for chronic pelvic pain w...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0029-7844(02)02087-2
更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The current literature suggests that atypical (benign atypia or class II) Papanicolaou smears occur at a frequency of 1.6-5.4% and are associated with a substantial rate of underlying cervical dysplasia. However, we noted that our rate of atypia exceeded these figures, particularly in our clinic population. To quantif...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:To facilitate extraction and avoid intra-abdominal spillage during laparoscopic removal of adnexal masses, various designs and sizes of endopouches (bags) have been used. We describe a simple technique using a special laparoscopic bag that requires no additional instruments to hold, open, or close the bag. ...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00
