Abstract：
:The majority of studies on pesticide impacts have evaluated the effects of single exposures. However, multiple exposures to a pesticide may be more prevalent. The objective of our study was to determine how multiple exposures versus single exposure at different times during development affected survival to metamorphosis, tadpole survival, tadpole mass, and tadpole developmental stage of green frog (Rana clamitans) tadpoles reared at low and high density in outdoor cattle tank ponds. Tadpoles were exposed to carbaryl zero, one, two, or three times at 14-d intervals. We applied single doses of carbaryl at one of three times, specifically during early, mid, or late development. Overall, we found that multiple exposures had a greater impact than single exposures during development. More individuals reached metamorphosis in ponds exposed to multiple doses of carbaryl compared with controls, indicating that the presence of carbaryl stimulated metamorphosis. The presence of carbaryl in the aquatic environment also resulted in more developed tadpoles compared with controls. Tadpoles in control ponds did not reach metamorphosis and were less developed than individuals exposed to carbaryl; this effect indicates that, under ideal conditions, green frogs could overwinter in ponds so that greater size could be attained before metamorphosis in the following spring or summer. Our study demonstrated the importance of including realistic application procedures when evaluating the effects of a pesticide and that multiple exposures to a short-lived pesticide are more likely to affect an amphibian population.
journal_name
Environ Toxicol Chemjournal_title
Environmental toxicology and chemistryauthors
Boone MD,Bridges CMdoi
10.1897/02-401subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-11-01 00:00:00pages
2695-702issue
11eissn
0730-7268issn
1552-8618journal_volume
22pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Atlantic tomcod from the Hudson River, USA, are resistant to cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) mRNA induction and early life stage toxicities induced by coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) or tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins but not polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. We sought to determine if basal expression or inducibili...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1897/05-347r.1
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A selective pressurized liquid extraction technique was developed for the simultaneous extraction of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) from contaminated sediments. The final method incorporated cleanup adsorbents (Florisil, alumina, and silica...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/etc.2579
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Locomotor performance is an important fitness-related trait in reptiles because of its potential influence on prey capture and predator avoidance. Because cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticides disrupt neuromuscular signaling, reduction in performance seems to be a logical translation of this biochemical disruption to t...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1897/05-028r.1
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adsorption of organic compounds onto hard carbon constituents of soils and sediments may be described by a dual Langmuir-like equation for adsorption onto high-energy sites and low-energy sites. To describe quantitatively the sorbate-sorbent interactions on these high-energy sites and low-energy sites, Gibbs free ener...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1897/06-218r.1
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Aluminum (Al) toxicity to aquatic organisms is strongly affected by water chemistry. Toxicity-modifying factors such as pH, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), hardness, and temperature have a large impact on the bioavailability and toxicity of Al to aquatic organisms. The importance of water chemistry on the bioavailabil...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/etc.4020
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The desorption behavior of benzidine from Lake Macatawa (Holland, MI, USA) sediment was investigated in this study using batch solvent extraction method. Seven solvents were tested as the extracting reagents: Deionized water (DI), calcium chloride in DI (CaCl2), sodium hydroxide in DI (NaOH), acetonitrile (ACN), a mix...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1897/05-017r.1
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The median 96-h lethal zinc concentration (LC50) was 439 microg Zn/L (hardness of 154 mg/L as CaCO3) for feral mottled sculpin (Cottus bairdi), decreasing to a median incipient lethal level of 266 microg Zn/L after 13 d. The 30-d chronic value was 255 microg Zn/L. The acute toxicity-hardness (ln-ln) slope of 1.022 exc...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1897/04-235r.1
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Extensive season-by-season sampling was used to establish the normal range of whole-body Na+ and Cl- and Na+ uptake in healthy populations of two fish species, rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, and fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas, of known differences in sensitivity to ionoregulatory toxicants (low pH, trace met...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Aqueous suspensions of fullerene aggregates (aqua-nC60) were used to investigate the movement of carbon-based nanomaterials in a marine water column and to determine their effects on different life stages of a marine teleost. Fullerene aggregates formed precipitates as a result of mixing in natural seawater, and level...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1897/07-632.1
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glyphosate is a widely used broad-spectrum postemergent herbicide used for weed control in both agricultural and nonagricultural settings. Spray drift of glyphosate can pose a risk to nontarget terrestrial plants and plant communities outside the intended area of application, but the lack of a well-established predict...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1002/etc.3925
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Investigations were conducted to determine acute (48-h) effects of cadmium and zinc presented individually and in combination on Ceriodaphnia dubia, Daphnia magna, Daphnia ambigua, and Daphnia pulex. Toxicity tests were conducted with single metals to determine lethal effects concentrations (lethal concentrations pred...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1897/05-243r.1
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We conducted acute lethality tests with white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) and Ceriodaphnia dubia exposed to copper and zinc at dissolved organic carbon concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 5.5 mg/L. Dissolved organic carbon had minimal effects on zinc toxicity but did have a protective effect on acute copper toxi...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/etc.4592
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This work describes the uptake of two organochlorine pesticides from slow-release pellets by largemouth bass and the utility of a blood plasma enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method for exposure verification. We measured blood and tissue levels by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and by a novel ELISA met...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1897/04-492r.1
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of point-source and diffuse discharges on resident populations of brown bullhead catfish (Ameiurus nebulosus (LeSueur, 1819)) in the Waikato River (New Zealand) were assessed at sites both upstream and downstream of point-source discharges. At each site, the population parameters, relative abundance, age s...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1897/05-315r.1
更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To investigate possible relationships between polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure and infectious disease mortality in harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) in United Kingdom waters, summed blubber concentrations of 25 chlorobiphenyl congeners (sigma25CB) in healthy harbor porpoises that died of acute physical traum...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1897/03-663.1
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adult Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were fed on four diets containing polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) for 30 weeks. Lipid-normalized concentrations showed that all congeners were equally partitioned between whole-fish and fillet sam...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1897/03-367
更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This three-year study evaluated the effects of best management practices (BMPs) in reducing surface water contamination at an urban golf course. Water samples were collected before BMP implementation from two ponds on Braeburn Golf Course (Wichita, KS, USA). The pesticides 2,4-dicholorodiphenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) is used worldwide in freshwater pond aquaculture for treatment and prevention of waterborne external parasitic, bacterial, and fungal diseases. Nevertheless, KMnO4 has not been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, and insufficient information exists to allow evaluation of t...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1897/05-453r2.1
更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A systematic investigation was carried out to analyze the concentration levels of heavy metals in sample seawater, sediments, and biota collected from the coastal area of Yancheng City in Jiangsu Province, China. The authors assessed the impact of these heavy metals in different environmental samples in terms of poten...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/etc.2575
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Instream flows of the rapidly urbanizing watersheds and estuaries of the Gulf of Mexico in Texas (USA) are increasingly dominated by reclaimed waters. Though ionizable pharmaceuticals have received increasing attention in freshwaters, many research questions remain unanswered, particularly in tidally influenced urban ...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/etc.3236
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Benzotriazole ultra violet stabilizers (BZT-UVs) are compounds used in many applications and products to prevent photochemical degradation. Despite their widespread presence in aquatic ecosystems and persistence in the environment, there are very limited data on their effects and toxicity, and their modes of action re...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/etc.3908
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The development of sensitive, biologically based indicators of contaminant exposure (i.e., biomarkers) is an ongoing topic of research. These indicators have been proposed as a first-tier method of identifying contaminant exposure. The primary objective of this research was to implement a biomarker-based method of exp...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1897/05-137r.1
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The bioavailable arsenic (As) content of contaminated soils was determined by joint analyses of acid-soluble, total water-soluble, and biovailable As by using a luminescent bacterial sensor, Escherichia coli MC1061(pTOO31). According to the results of this study, a significant positive correlation was found between th...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Total mercury and stable isotopes of nitrogen (δ(15) N) were measured in samples from 57 species of invertebrates (17 species) and finfish (40 species) from the coastal waters off southwest Florida, USA, to evaluate the biomagnification of mercury through the food web. Mercury concentrations (wet wt) and δ(15) N value...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/etc.2416
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Marine waters have been poorly investigated for the occurrence of pharmaceutical contamination. Recent data confirm that pharmaceuticals occur widely in marine and coastal environments; therefore, assessment of potential risk to marine species needs further efforts. The present study represents the first extensive rev...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/etc.3131
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Equilibrium distribution models of hydrophobic neutral partitioning of the perfluorinated carboxylic and sulfonic acids were shown, without the need for any physical chemical properties, to successfully predict the sediment-water distribution (D(SW) ) directly from independently measured equilibrium tissue distributio...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/etc.637
更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) pups undergo a substantial intertissue reorganization of protein, minerals, and other cellular components during their postweaning development, which might entail the mobilization of associated contaminants. The authors investigated the changes in concentrations of 11 e...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/etc.1960
更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the present study, electron paramagnetic resonance coupled with spin-trapping technique was used, with alpha-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN) as a spin-trapping agent, to investigate free radical generation in freshwater fish with acute 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) poisoning. The PBN-radical adducts were detected i...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1897/04-640r.1
更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cucurbita pepo spp pepo (zucchini) is known as an exceptional weathered dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) accumulator, whereas Cucurbita pepo ssp ovifera (squash) is termed a nonaccumulator. Experiments were conducted with hybridized zucchini and squash to assess the inheritance pattern of DDX (the sum of p,p'-di...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/etc.1887
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the influence of surface and subsurface properties of three representative soils of the humid pampas of Argentina on atrazine and metribuzin sorption. Atrazine and metribuzin sorption isotherms were constructed for each soil at four depths. Sorption affinity of herbicides...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
